Optimal Selection and Monitoring of Nodes Aimed at Supporting Leakages Identification in WDS

Many efforts have been made in recent decades to formulate strategies for improving the efficiency of water distribution systems (WDS), led by the socio-demographic evolution of modern society and the climate change scenario. The improvement of WDS management is a complex task that can be addressed by providing services to maximize revenues while ensuring that the quality standards required by national and international regulations are upheld. These two objectives can be fulfilled by utilizing optimized techniques for the operational and maintenance strategies of WDS. This paper proposes a methodology for assisting engineers in identifying water leakages in WDS, thus providing an effective procedure for ensuring high level hydraulic network functionality. The proposed approach is based on an inverse analysis of measured flow rates and pressure data, and consists of three steps: The analysis of measurements to select the most suitable period for leakage identification, the localization of the best measurement points based on a correlation analysis, and leakage identification with a hybrid optimization that combines the exploration capability of the differential evolution algorithm with the rapid convergence of particle swarm optimization. The proposed procedure is validated on a reference hydraulic network, known as the Apulian network.

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Pareto Genetic Algorithms for Multi-Objective Design of Water Distribution Systems

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.212-213.664 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 212-213 ◽

pp. 664-670

Author(s):

Matteo Nicolini

Keyword(s):

Genetic Algorithms ◽

Distribution Systems ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Optimization Problems ◽

Multi Objective ◽

Supply And Distribution ◽

The Family ◽

Hydraulic Network ◽

Optimal Configurations ◽

Different Levels

The paper describes the development of a technique for the optimal design of water supply and distribution systems, based on a coupling between evolutionary algorithms and a pressurized hydraulic network solver. The purpose is to show the capabilities of Pareto genetic algorithms (PGAs) in solving multi-objective, constrained optimization problems: in such cases, the optimum is represented not only by one solution, as in single-objective optimization, but by a set of optimal configurations (the Pareto front or frontier), satisfying different levels of compromise among the competing objectives. A Pareto GA should determine the family of such non-dominated solutions, each of which is optimal in the sense that no improvement can be achieved in one criterion without the degradation in at least one of the remaining criteria. This might be of great help to the decision maker in selecting the best trade-off configuration, which will eventually depend on the actual context. An application to a real case is also presented.

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A combined NLP-differential evolution algorithm approach for the optimization of looped water distribution systems

Water Resources Research ◽

10.1029/2011wr010394 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 47 (8) ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

Feifei Zheng ◽

Angus R. Simpson ◽

Aaron C. Zecchin

Keyword(s):

Differential Evolution ◽

Distribution Systems ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Water Distribution Systems ◽

Differential Evolution Algorithm ◽

Evolution Algorithm

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Smart metering use cases to increase water and energy efficiency in water supply systems

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2014.049 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 898-908 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

D. Loureiro ◽

P. Vieira ◽

C. Makropoulos ◽

P. Kossieris ◽

R. Ribeiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Distribution Systems ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Energy Use ◽

Water Distribution Systems ◽

Use Cases ◽

Smart Metering ◽

Related Energy ◽

Detailed Level ◽

High Level

Efficient water and energy use in water distribution systems is being limited by the lack of sufficient data about water and related energy consumption. Therefore, it is crucial to provide updated and continuous feedback information to water users. This paper describes relevant use cases to improve efficient water use and related energy consumption by water utilities and consumers through the use of smart metering technologies. A systematic approach was established to obtain a comprehensive list of possible functionalities, using the concept of use case. For the consumer domain, six high-level and 18 detailed-level use cases were obtained. For the water utility domain, seven high-level and 20 detailed-level use cases were described. The high-level use cases with higher priority to be implemented in the iWIDGET system were also identified based on the contribution of different target audiences. The list of use cases covers a comprehensive range of possible usages that can be built upon the exploitation of data related to water and energy use in water distribution systems and in households, which may be of further use as a guide for similar studies.

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Water Quality Reliability Analysis of Water Distribution Systems Based on Monte-Carlo Simulation

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.777.401 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 777 ◽

pp. 401-406 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Xia Li ◽

Ying Sun ◽

Xiao Han ◽

Xin Hua Zhao

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Monte Carlo ◽

Distribution Systems ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Water Distribution Systems ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

High Tech ◽

Residual Chlorine ◽

Dynamic Link Library ◽

High Level

Water distribution systems (WDS) are important urban infrastructures which are designed for safely conveying potable water from treatment plant to users tap with adequate quantity and desired quality. The water quality reliability evaluation of WDS has positive and critical meanings for ensuring water supply security, reliability and maintaining a high level of service. In this paper, firstly the evaluation index of water quality reliability of municipal water distribution systems has been set up which is characterized by the residual chlorine availability. Then, taking into account the random nature of component failures, the variation of water demand through the 24 hours of a day and the chlorine variation of the treated water in water plant through the 24 hours of a day, the Monte Carlo-based reliability model are established based on the dynamic link library toolkit provided by EPANET 2.0 for the hydraulic and water quality calculation engine. Finally, the water quality reliability of each node and system is evaluated taking water network of some region in Tianjin Binhai High-tech Area (BHA) as example. The research results can be applied to the whole process from planning and design to operation of WDS, and the theoretical basis and decision support for optimal design and operation of WDS are provided for designers and decision-makers.

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Optimal Pressure Management in Water Distribution Systems Using an Accurate Pressure Reducing Valve Model Based Complementarity Constraints

Water ◽

10.3390/w13060825 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 825

Author(s):

Pham Duc Dai

Keyword(s):

Distribution Systems ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Water Distribution Systems ◽

Check Valve ◽

Complementarity Constraints ◽

Pressure Management ◽

Low Level ◽

Operating Modes ◽

Critical Nodes ◽

High Level

Water loss according to water leakages in water distribution systems (WDSs) is a challenging problem worldwide. An inappropriate operation of the WDS leads to unnecessarily high pressure distribution in the WDS and thus a large amount of water leakage exists. For this reason, optimal pressure management in WDSs through regulating operations of pressure reducing valves (PRVs) is priority for water utilities. The pressure management can be accomplished in a hierarchical control scheme with high level and low level controllers. While the high level controller is responsible for calculating pressure set points for critical nodes, the task of a low level controller is to regulate the pressures at the critical nodes to the set points. The optimal pressure management in the high level controller can be casted into a nonlinear programing problem (NLP) where PRV models are crucial and determine proper operation of the WDS and quality of overall pressure control. PRV models having been used until now either describe two operating modes (active and open modes) or three operating modes (active, open and check valve modes) with parameter dependence. Such models make the formulated NLP unsuitable for the case PRVs work in check valve modes or resulted in inaccurate NLP solution with unexpected operation modes of PRVs, respectively. Therefore, this paper proposes an accurate PRV model based on complementarity constraints. The new PRV model is parameter-less dependence and is capable of describing complete operation modes of PRVs in practice. As a result, the formulated NLP is general and provides accurate NLP solution. The efficiency of our new PRV model is demonstrated on numerous case studies for optimal pressure management of WDSs.

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Comparing Low and High-Level Hybrid Algorithms on the Two-Objective Optimal Design of Water Distribution Systems

Water Resources Management ◽

10.1007/s11269-014-0823-8 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 1-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Qi Wang ◽

Enrico Creaco ◽

Marco Franchini ◽

Dragan Savić ◽

Zoran Kapelan

Keyword(s):

Optimal Design ◽

Distribution Systems ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Water Distribution Systems ◽

Hybrid Algorithms ◽

High Level

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Water network functional analysis

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/900/1/012034 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 900 (1) ◽

pp. 012034

Author(s):

K Pietrucha-Urbanik ◽

B Tchórzewska-Cieślak

Keyword(s):

Distribution System ◽

Distribution Systems ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Water Distribution System ◽

Water Distribution Systems ◽

Water Network ◽

System Failures ◽

High Level ◽

Risk Scale ◽

Reliability And Availability

Abstract Water distribution systems should have a high level of reliability and availability. Water distribution system failures should be diagnosed and categorised, according to their consequences, causes, frequency, and other important factors. A failure analysis of the water distribution system is considered in this study, as well as a method for establishing a failure susceptibility index and evaluating the risk of failures within a defined area, based on categories and zonal characteristics. A risk scale, such as tolerable, controlled, and unacceptable, will be used to assess the risk of failure. The methodology is provided to help in the performance and risk assessments of water distribution systems, as well as decision-making.

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REHABILITATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE WATER SUPPLY DISTRIBUTION NETWORK OF DURRES-ALBANIA

International Journal of Advanced Research ◽

10.21474/ijar01/13899 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 236-243

Author(s):

Andrin Kerpaci ◽

◽

Ilir Abdullahu ◽

Keyword(s):

Water Supply ◽

Distribution Systems ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Distribution Network ◽

Level Of Service ◽

Water Supply Systems ◽

Pressure Dependency ◽

Flow Pressure ◽

High Level ◽

Supply Systems

The condition of the water supply and the actual functioning of the distribution network in Durres area are inadequate to sustain demand at an acceptable level of service for all the billing zones.The distribution network of Durres city is fed at one point (Xhafzotaj junction) for 300-350 l/s with an elevation of about 50 m asl. The planned new transmission line has a diameter of 700 mm and will bring extra 630 l/s.The water distribution systems are one of the vital urban infrastructures and their operationwith a high level of service are of high importance.Many phenomena in water supply systems such as leakage, breakage of pipes etc. are afunction of pressure. When pressure dependency of demand is considered in the hydraulicanalysis, the results thereof shall be consistent with reality.This article presents the new design methodology for a good optimization of the distribution network. The distribution network has been reconstructed as a ring network. It is planned to build 6 DMAas (District Metered Area) to control the flow, pressure and consumption in DMA to build the Water Balance.

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