scholarly journals The Evapotranspiration of Tamarix and Its Response to Environmental Factors in Coastal Saline Land of China

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2273
Author(s):  
Huanyu Chen ◽  
Ce Yang ◽  
Angyan Ren ◽  
Kai Guo ◽  
Xiaohui Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Groundwater Table ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Soil Rehabilitation ◽  
Coastal Saline Soil ◽  
Crop Coefficients

(1) Background: As a halophytic species, Tamarix (Tamarix chinensis) can be used for saline soil rehabilitation in China. The reclamation and rehabilitation of saline soil depend on the water consumption of plants. However, whether water resources in saline soil can support the construction of Tamarix vegetation is still unknown. (2) Methods: In this study, we measured the transpiration (T) of Tamarix for 3 years using sap flow and the evaporation (E) for 1 year using a micro-lysimeter in Tamarix land. The evaporation values in 2016 and 2017 were estimated with the soil crop coefficients obtained in 2018. (3) Results: The evapotranspiration (ET) ranged from 514.2 to 573.8 mm and was greatly affected by the wind speed, VPD and groundwater table. Transpiration was the main form of water consumption in this region, accounting for 60.2% of the total evapotranspiration. Compared with bare land, vegetation construction increased soil moisture dissipation by 377.6 mm in 2018. According to on-site measurements and estimates, the water shortage in the dry year was 107.2 mm, and the residual water values in the normal year and wet year were 77.8 mm and 187.5 mm, respectively. May and September were months of widespread water shortages in different precipitation years. Although the cultivation of this plant increased water consumption, the groundwater table remained at approximately 0.5 m during the study year. (4) Conclusions: These results indicated that planting Tamarix in coastal saline soil was feasible for the reclamation and rehabilitation of saline soil. In the dry year (2017), the consumption of evapotranspiration exceeded the precipitation. The inverse occurred in the normal year (2016) and wet year (2018). Taken together, our findings showed that the water resources in the coastal saline soil of China could tolerate vegetation construction and laid a strong foundation for saline soil rehabilitation.

Perspective of Water Resources in Japan and in the World

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Tamon Ishibashi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
The World

Recently, problems of water shortage are becoming global in both developed and developing countries. This is due to tremendous population increases and also urbanization and industrialization. In this paper, countermeasures for future water shortages are described.

scholarly journals Water resources planning in bioethanol production from sugarcane

Memorias ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Danny Ibarra Vega Danny Ibarra Vega ◽  
Carlos Peña Rincón ◽  
Johnny Valencia Calvo ◽  
Johan Manuel Redondo ◽  
Gerard Olivar Tost
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Water Resources Planning ◽  
Resources Planning

The biofuels industry has grown and has positioned itself in Colombia for national purposes, these come from biomass sources such as agricultural crops. Bioethanol is the most used in Colombia and is obtained from sugarcane. One of the main concerns of the sector and society, is the high water consumption associated with agricultural crops (9,000 m3 / ha-year), there are currently 232,000 hectares of sugarcane for the production of sugar and bioethanol. Given the aforementioned, the need arises to carry out a planning of industrial increase of the sector taking into account as a main base the demand and availability of water resources for different activities in the Cauca river basin and the demand for sugarcane crops. In this document it is presented a mathematical model and the evaluation of different scenarios of the estimation of the trend of water consumption in the bioethanol production process in Colombia and in this way to establish scenarios of high risk of water shortage both for the population, interested parties and cane cultivation.

scholarly journals Water quota system in China: problems and countermeasures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyang Zhao ◽  
Hongrui Wang ◽  
Shuxin Gong ◽  
Cheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Quota System ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Data Validity

Abstract Water resources are the foundation of economic development, social progress and ecological security, and water shortage is the primary problem facing China. Water quotas have great practical significance for the resolution of water shortages to achieve sustainable use of water resources and sustainable development of the national economy. In this study, to analyse the problems and countermeasures of the water quota system in China, the water quota system progress domestically and abroad, the water quotas problem in China, and the countermeasures for the water quota problem are summarized. The data validity test, spatial correlation test and consistency test are used to test the rationality of water use quota. And the specific countermeasures are presented: improving the water quota system, defining its concept, and revising its scheme, etc. This study provides the support to standardize water quotas and implement the effective water conservation policies of China.

scholarly journals Evaluation of water demand and supply in the south of Iraq

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. O. Al-Furaiji ◽  
U. F. A. Karim ◽  
D. C. M. Augustijn ◽  
B. I. H. Waisi ◽  
S. J. M. H. Hulscher
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Water Demand And Supply ◽  
Annual Water ◽  
South Of Iraq ◽  
Total Water Demand ◽  
Southern Iraq

This paper presents results from the first study that focuses on water resources availability and demand for different purposes in the four oil-rich provinces of southern Iraq. The region accounts for 23% of the surface area and 18% of the country's population, but holds 88% of its oil. A water shortage of 430 Mm3/year for 2010 is estimated for this region where irrigation accounts for 81% of the total water demand. Dhi Qar is the largest agricultural producer and water consumer while Al Basrah and Al Muthanna have the largest water shortages among the four provinces. The interrelationship of energy–water production and utilization is discussed and the annual water balance for irrigation, industrial, domestic and livestock usage in the different provinces determined. On this basis recommendations are made for treating and utilizing the steadily increasing amounts of water produced from the oilfields to supplement the other sustainable water resources in that region.

scholarly journals Correlation Assessment of NDVI and Land use Dynamics with Water Resources for the Southern Margin of Mu Us Sandy Land, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menglong Zhao ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Siyuan Liu ◽  
Ping-an Zhong ◽  
Hongzhen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Causal Relationships ◽  
Sandy Land ◽  
Mu Us Sandy Land ◽  
Southern Margin ◽  
Land Water ◽  
Artificial Vegetation

Abstract To prevent desertification, countries all over the world have made diversified efforts and vegetation restoration has been proved to be an effective approach. However, for sandy land that has limited water resources, measures such as artificial vegetation, may lead to the increase risk of drought. While affirming the achievements of sand utilization, there are many controversies exist regarding the advantages of turning deserts green, especially considering the water scarcity. Therefore, the long-run and causal relationships between sandy land, water consumption and vegetation coverage are necessary for explorations. Taken the southern margin of the Mu Us Sandy Land as the study area, this study explored the interactions between sandy land, water consumption and NDVI over a period of 2000–2018 with a VAR model approach. In the study area, various revegetation projects have made great achievements, resulting in a significant reduction of the sandy land area. In addition, the NDVI has ascend from 0.196 in 2000 to 0.371 in 2018 with a ratio of 89.3%. Results showed that there exist long-term stable equilibrium and causal relationships between water consumption with sandy land and NDVI. The increase of NDVI is relatively the direct factor causes the increase of water consumption. It could be inferred that those artificial vegetation measures may be based on large amount of water consumption, which may aggravate further water shortage and ecological damage. More scientific and stronger water resources management measures need to be implemented locally to achieve a balance between water resources and revegetation.

scholarly journals Optimal water allocation method based on the genetic algorithm for a system of a reservoir and two pumping stations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Zhuo ◽  
Jilin Cheng ◽  
Zhihao Gong
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Intelligent Algorithms ◽  
Modified Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Operation Rule

Abstract The subtropical monsoon climate zone is featured with the abundant water resources but uneven temporal and spatial distribution, so seasonal water shortages are frequent. In order to reduce the water shortage and water spill in this region, a nonlinear optimization model for the joint operation of a system of a reservoir and two pumping stations is developed in this paper. In this model, the water supply of reservoir and pumping volume of pumping stations in each period are two types of decision variables, which are subjected to the annual available water in the reservoir, water rights of the two pumping stations and the operation rule of reservoir. However, the modern intelligent algorithms may fail in dealing with constraints of if statements like the operation rule of reservoir in this model. In light of the shortcoming of the classical genetic algorithm, a modified genetic algorithm is proposed by comparing the different methods for dealing with constraints. The modified algorithm showed a better adaptability to the operation rule. The modified genetic algorithm may provide a reference for similar modern intelligent algorithms to solve optimal water resources allocation for multiple reservoirs and multiple pumping stations system.

scholarly journals Mitigate water shortage by improving hydropower generation strategy of the cascade reservoir system in the Be River Basin, Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 3216-3232
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Thuy Linh ◽  
Frederick N.-F. Chou
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Water Allocation ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Hydropower Generation ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Reservoir System

Abstract To meet increasing water consumption with limited water resources, management approaches that transfer water between purposes must be improved for sustainable development. This entails an urgent requirement for appropriate water resources management within water–energy interaction if severe water shortage occurs occasionally. This study evaluates hydropower generation policies of a cascade reservoir system in the Be River Basin in terms of security of water supply and energy production. The Generalized Water Allocation Simulation Model (GWASIM) was applied to simulate the water use of a complex system of hydropower generation and water supply. Two water allocation scenarios and six alternatives defined by varying monthly generating hours were modeled and compared. The results demonstrate that a compromise between hydropower generation and water supply can be negotiated to reduce the severity of water shortages. Different monthly hours of hydropower generation among alternatives show an effect on improving power production and reliable water supply. This study provides overall insight into the performance of a multi-purpose cascade reservoir system. It will provide a foundation for improving future study of reservoir operations in meeting the increasing demands of water and energy in Vietnam.

On the Scenario Simulation of Xinjiang Production of Water Resources Based on the IPAT Model

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 529-535
Author(s):  
Hong Li Zhang ◽  
Yong Qi Guo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Development Scenarios ◽  
Current Water ◽  
Mode Of Development ◽  
Strong Control

This document explains and demonstrates which should be taken in Xinjiang mode of development in the current water shortage situation. Using scenario analysis method and IPAT model（Impact, Population, Affluence, Technolog）, the article demonstrates seven possible development scenarios and analyzes each scenarios for the future use of water resources in oasis. By comparing and analysising, the scenario 4 (accelerated economic growth, adjusting the industrial structure, strengthen water-saving water consumption of the weak control) and the scenario 7 (accelerated economic growth, adjusting the industrial structure, strengthen water-saving water consumption of the strong control) can be the most executive mode. This document will play a positive guiding significance in the actual work of water resources in Xinjiang Oasis on some degree.

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