scholarly journals Phosphorus Forms and Associated Properties along an Urban–Rural Gradient in Southern China

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guobing Qin ◽  
Jianfu Wu ◽  
Xiaomei Zheng ◽  
Rongwei Zhou ◽  
Zongqiang Wei
Keyword(s):  
Urban Soil ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
Southern China ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Residual P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Labile P ◽  
Total P

Urbanization is widely assumed to degrade soil ecosystem services, but the changes in the urban soil phosphorus (P) status due to urbanization and the associated environmental implications have rarely been studied. The objective of this study was to investigate the P forms and associated soil properties in urban soils. Thirty sites were selected along an urban–rural gradient in Nanchang, China, to examine the effects of urbanization on soil P fractions. Residual P and NaOH-extractable P (NaOH-Pi and NaOHPo) were the major P forms in the 0–30 cm of urban soils, comprising on average 37% and 43% of the total P pool, respectively, similar to the suburban and rural soils. Compared with non-urban soils, urban soil had higher contents of total P and P fractions (i.e., PH2O, PKCl, NaOH-Pi, PHCl, and residual P), as well as higher contents of related soil P-retentive properties, especially soil pH and Mehlich 3-extractable Ca and Mg. Phosphorus enrichment in the urban soils may become a source of aquatic pollution because the soil labile P content (the sum of PH2O and PKCl) was positively related to total P, PHCl, NaOH-Pi, and residual P, which implied that the labile P can be replenished by these P pools. This study increased the understanding of P stabilization characteristics (e.g., the specific P forms) of urban soils and has further implications for urban environmental management.

scholarly journals Phosphorus Speciation in Long-Term Drained and Rewetted Peatlands of Northern Germany

Soil Systems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Wakene Negassa ◽  
Dirk Michalik ◽  
Wantana Klysubun ◽  
Peter Leinweber
Keyword(s):  
Total Concentration ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Edge Structure ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
Labile P ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
Total P

Previous studies, conducted at the inception of rewetting degraded peatlands, reported that rewetting increased phosphorus (P) mobilization but long-term effects of rewetting on the soil P status are unknown. The objectives of this study were to (i) characterize P in the surface and subsurface horizons of long-term drained and rewetted percolation mires, forest, and coastal peatlands and (ii) examine the influence of drainage and rewetting on P speciation and distributions using wet-chemical and advanced spectroscopic analyses. The total P was significantly (p < 0.05) different at the surface horizons. The total concentration of P ranged from 1022 to 2320 mg kg−1 in the surface horizons and decreased by a factor of two to five to the deepest horizons. Results of the chemical, solution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and P K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) indicated that the major proportions of total P were organic P (Po). In the same peatland types, the relative proportions of Po and stable P fractions were lower in the drained than in the rewetted peatland. The results indicate that long-term rewetting not only locks P in organic matter but also transforms labile P to stable P fractions at the surface horizons of the different peatland types.

Changes in phosphorus fractions at various soil depths following long-term P fertiliser application on a Black Vertosol from south-eastern Queensland

Soil Research ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 524 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Wang ◽  
D. W. Lester ◽  
C. N. Guppy ◽  
P. V. Lockwood ◽  
C. Tang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Soil ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Residual P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Pools ◽  
Fertiliser Application ◽  
P Addition ◽  
Total P

Long-term removal of grain P and soil test data suggested that the Colwell phosphorus (P) extraction from the surface 0.10 m of a Black Vertosol from south-eastern Queensland was a poor indicator of run-down of soil P pools. We proposed that plants were also accessing P from layers below 0.10 m or from surface soil P pools not extracted by the Colwell extraction. Both topsoil and subsoil samples in 1994 and 2003 were collected from nil and 20 kg P/ha per crop treatments in a long-term N × P field experiment established in 1985 for detailed P fractionation. An uncropped reference soil was also taken in 2003 from an adjacent area. The long-term effect of the field treatments on soil P fractions was evaluated by comparing the reference site, which was assumed to represent the original soil condition, to the 2003 samples. Without addition of P fertiliser, 55%, 35%, and 10% of total P removal were from 0 to 0.10, 0.10 to 0.30, and 0.30 to 0.60 m, respectively, compared with the uncropped reference soil. Labile fractions comprising resin, bicarbonate, and hydroxide pools in the top 0.10 m decreased by approximately 60% and accounted for 15% of the total P decrease from 0 to 0.60 m depth. Acid and residual-P fractions decreased by 50% and 20%, respectively, and accounted for ~20% and 15% of the total P decrease. In contrast, P addition at 20 kg P/ha per crop over 18 crops doubled the resin and bicarbonate inorganic P (NaHCO3-Pi) pools in the surface 0.10 m. Hydroxide (NaOH-Pi) and acid extracted inorganic P increased by 25% and 10%, respectively, while the residual-P pool decreased by about 15%. Below 0.10 m, very little P was removed by the first 3 extractants. Most of the P was present in the acid and residual fractions irrespective of fertiliser application. The acid and residual-P dropped by 30% and 12%, respectively, at 0.10–0.30 m and 12% and 8% at 0.30–0.60 m. When comparing the experimental soil samples in 2003 with those in 1994, similar trends were observed in the changes of each soil P fraction. In the surface 0.10 m, acid and residual-P pools decreased greatly and explained almost all of the total P decrease in the surface soil without P input. With P addition, labile pools acted as the main sink for P. The acid pool increased by 7%, while the residual-P showed a decrease in the topsoil. Total P level was elevated noticeably in this soil layer. However, at 0.10–0.30 m depth, acid and residual pools were the dominant fractions and decreased significantly irrespective of P fertiliser addition. Below 0.30 m, no significant changes were detected for each fraction and total P. The results suggest that crops had accessed significant amounts of P at 0.10–0.30 m depth irrespective of P fertiliser application, and that subsoil sampling (0.10–0.30 m) should be considered in order to improve the monitoring of soil P status. However, choice of appropriate extractants for monitoring subsoil P reserves is yet to be undertaken.

scholarly journals Influence of Application of Organic Residues of Different Biochemical Quality on Phosphorus Fractions in a Tropical Sandy Soil

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Tanabhat-Sakorn Sukitprapanon ◽  
Metawee Jantamenchai ◽  
Duangsamorn Tulaphitak ◽  
Nattaporn Prakongkep ◽  
Robert John Gilkes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Organic Residue ◽  
Residue Quality ◽  
Organic Residues ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Residual P ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
P Fraction ◽  
Labile P

Understanding phosphorus (P) dynamics in tropical sandy soil treated with organic residues of contrasting quality is crucial for P management using organic amendments. This research determined P fractions in a tropical sandy soil under the application of organic residues of different quality, including groundnut stover (GN), tamarind leaf litter (TM), dipterocarp leaf litter (DP), and rice straw (RS). The organic residues were applied at the rate of 10 t DM ha−1 year−1. The P fractions were examined by a sequential extraction procedure. Organic residue application, regardless of residue quality, resulted in P accumulation in soils. For unamended soil, 55% of total P was mainly associated with Al (hydr)oxides. Organic residue application, regardless of residue quality, diminished the NH4F-extractable P (Al-P) fraction, but it had a nonsignificant effect on NaOH-extractable P (Fe-P). The majority of Al-P and Fe-P fractions were associated with crystalline Al and Fe (hydr)oxides. NH4Cl-extractable P (labile P), NaHCO3-extractable P (exchangeable P and mineralizable organic P), HCl-extractable P (Ca-P), and residual P fractions in soil were significantly increased as a result of the incorporation of organic residues. The application of organic residues, particularly those high in ash alkalinity, increase soil pH, labile P, and Ca-P fractions. In contrast, applications of residues high in lignin and polyphenols increase residual P fraction, which is associated with organo-mineral complexes and clay mineral kaolinite.

scholarly journals Distribution of phosphorus fractions of different plant availability in German forest soils and their relationship to common soil properties and foliar P concentrations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Niederberger ◽  
Martin Kohler ◽  
Jürgen Bauhus
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
P Pools ◽  
P Content ◽  
Labile P ◽  
Total P

Abstract. Repeated, grid-based forest soil inventories such as the nationwide German forest soil survey (GFSI) aim, among other things, at detecting changes in soil properties and plant nutrition. In these types of inventories, the only information on soil phosphorus (P) is commonly the total P content. However, total P content in mineral soils of forests is usually not a meaningful variable to predict the availability of P to trees. Here we tested a modified sequential P extraction ac-cording to Hedley to determine the distribution of different plant available P fractions in soil samples (0–5 and 10–30 cm depth) from 146 GFSI sites, capturing a wide variety of soil conditions. In addition, we analyzed relationships between these P fractions and common soil proper-ties such as pH, texture, and organic Carbon content (SOC). Total P content among our samples ranged from approximately 60 up to 2800 mg kg−1. The labile, moderately labile, and stable P fractions contributed to 27 %, 51 % and 22 % of total P content, respectively, at 0–5 cm depth. At 10–30 cm depth, the labile P fractions decreased to 15 %, whereas the stable P fractions in-creased to 30 %. These changes with depth were accompanied by a decrease in the organic P fractions. High P contents were related with high pH-values. Whereas the labile P pool increased with decreasing pH in absolute and relative terms, the stable P pool decreased in absolute and relative terms. Increasing SOC in soils led to significant increases in all P pools and in total P. In sandy soils, the P content across all fractions was lower than in other soil texture types. Multiple linear regressions indicated that P pools and P fractions were moderately well related to soil properties (r2 mostly above 0.5), and sand content of soils had the strongest influence. Foliage P concentrations in Pinus sylvestris were reasonably well explained by the labile and moderately labile P pool (r

scholarly journals Long-Term Mineral Fertilization Improved the Grain Yield and Phosphorus Use Efficiency by Changing Soil P Fractions in Ferralic Cambisol

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waqas Ahmed ◽  
Kailou Liu ◽  
Muhammad Qaswar ◽  
Jing Huang ◽  
Qinghai Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Paddy Soils ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Soil P Fractions ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Labile P

Elevated mineral fertilization may change the composition and increase the availability of soil phosphorus (P) in subtropical paddy soils and thus affect long-term plant growth. However, an understanding of the response of soil P fractions to long-term nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) additions remains elusive. This study aimed to explore the responses of soil P-fractions and their mobility to different long-term chemical fertilization rates under a double rice cropping system. The rates of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in the low NPK treatment (LNPK) were 90, 45, and 75 kg ha−1 year−1, respectively, and in the high NPK treatment (HNPK), they were 180, 90, and 150 kg ha−1 year−1, respectively. The results showed that the concentrations of soil organic matter (SOM), total P, Olsen P, total N, and mineral N were remarkably increased under HNPK by 17.46%, 162.66%, 721.16%, 104.42%, and 414.46%, respectively, compared with those under control (CT). Compared to the CT P fractions, HNPK increased the labile P fractions (i.e., NaHCO3-Pi and NaHCO3-Po) by 322.25% and 83.53% and the moderately labile P fractions (i.e., NaOH-Pi, NaOH-Po and HCl. dil. Pi) by 163.54%, 183.78%, and 3167.25% respectively, while the non-labile P was decreased by the HNPK addition. P uptake and grain yield were increased by LNPK and HNPK by 10.02% and 35.20%, respectively, compared with CT. P use efficiency indices were also higher under HNPK than under LNPK. There was a strong positive relationship between grain yield and P use efficiency (R2 = 0.97). A redundancy analysis (RDA) showed a strong correlation between soil chemical properties and the labile and moderately labile P pools. Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that SOM, mineral N, and available P strongly control the labile P pool. In conclusion, NPK additions under the paddy soils significantly influences the soil P fractions. The soil P dynamics and the mechanisms governing the interactions between plants and soil nutrients are clearly explained in this study.

scholarly journals Distribution of phosphorus fractions with different plant availability in German forest soils and their relationship with common soil properties and foliar P contents

SOIL ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Niederberger ◽  
Martin Kohler ◽  
Jürgen Bauhus
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Plant Availability ◽  
P Pools ◽  
P Content ◽  
Labile P ◽  
Total P

Abstract. Repeated, grid-based forest soil inventories such as the National Forest Soil Inventory of Germany (NFSI) aim, among other things, at detecting changes in soil properties and plant nutrition. In these types of inventories, the only information on soil phosphorus (P) is commonly the total P content. However, total P content in mineral soils of forests is usually not a meaningful variable with respect to predicting the availability of P to trees. Here we tested a modified sequential P extraction according to Hedley (1982) to determine the distribution of different plant-available P fractions in soil samples (at depths of 0–5 and 10–30 cm) from 146 NFSI sites, encompassing a wide variety of soil conditions. In addition, we analyzed relationships between these P fractions and common soil properties such as pH, texture, and soil organic carbon content (SOC). The total P content among our samples ranged from approximately 60 to 2800 mg kg−1. The labile, moderately labile, and stable P fractions contributed to 27 %, 51 %, and 22 % of the total P content, respectively, at a depth of 0–5 cm. At a depth of 10–30 cm, the labile P fractions decreased to 15 %, whereas the stable P fractions increased to 30 %. These changes with depth were accompanied by a decrease in the organic P fractions. High P contents were related to high pH values. While the labile Hedley P pool increased with decreasing pH in absolute and relative terms, the stable Hedley P pool decreased in absolute and relative terms. Increasing SOC in soils led to significant increases in all Hedley P pools and in total P. In sandy soils, the P content across all fractions was lower than in other soil texture types. Multiple linear regression models indicated that Hedley P pools and P fractions were moderately well related to soil properties (with r2 values that were mostly above 0.5), and that the sand content of soils had the strongest influence. Foliar P contents in Pinus sylvestris were reasonably well explained by the labile and moderately labile P pool (r2 = 0.67) but not so for Picea abies and Fagus sylvatica. Foliar P contents in all three species could not be related to specific Hedley P pools. Our study indicates that soil properties such as pH, SOC content, and soil texture may be used to predict certain soil Hedley P pools with different plant availability on the basis of large soil inventories. However, the foliar P contents of tree species cannot be sufficiently well predicted by the soil variables considered here.

scholarly journals Sequestration of P fractions in the soils of an incipient ferralisation chronosequence on a humid tropical volcanic island

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Yu Chiu ◽  
Ian Baillie ◽  
Shih-Hao Jien ◽  
Liam Hallett ◽  
Stephen Hallett
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Ecological Significance ◽  
Volcanic Island ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Limiting Nutrient ◽  
Soil Age ◽  
Labile P ◽  
Green Island ◽  
Exchangeable P

Abstract Background Phosphorus (P) is the limiting nutrient in many mature tropical forests. The ecological significance of declining P stocks as soils age is exacerbated by much of the remaining P being progressively sequestered. However, the details of how and where P is sequestered during the ageing in tropical forest soils remains unclear. Results We examined the relationships between various forms of the Fe and Al sesquioxides and the Hedley fractions of P in soils of an incipient ferralitic chronosequence on an altitudinal series of gently sloping benches on Green Island, off the southeastern coast of Taiwan. These soils contain limited amounts of easily exchangeable P. Of the sesquioxide variables, only Fe and Al crystallinities increased significantly with bench altitude/soil age, indicating that the ferralisation trend is weak. The bulk of the soil P was in the NaOH and residual extractable fractions, and of low lability. The P fractions that correlated best with the sesquioxides were the organic components of the NaHCO3 and NaOH extracts. Conclusions The amorphous sesquioxides, Feo and Alo, were the forms that correlated best with the P fractions. A substantial proportion of the labile P appears to be organic and to be associated with Alo in organic-aluminium complexes. The progression of P sequestration appears to be slightly slower than the chemical and mineralogical indicators of ferralisation.

scholarly journals Effect of Freeze–Thaw Cycles on Phosphorus Fractions and Their Availability in Biochar-Amended Mollisols of Northeast China (Laboratory Experiment)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Han ◽  
Xiangwei Chen ◽  
Byoungkoo Choi
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
P Fractionation ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Soil P Fractions ◽  
Labile P ◽  
Biochar Amendment

Freeze–thaw cycles stimulate the release of available soil phosphorus (P) in winter, and biochar as a soil amendment could improve P availability. Nevertheless, it is unclear how freeze–thaw cycles and biochar amendment interact to affect the soil P fractions and their availability in winter, particularly under different soil water conditions. We simulateda freeze–thaw cycle experimentto assess the effects of three factors on soil P fractions: soil moisture content (22%, 31%, and 45%), frequencies of freeze–thaw cycles (0, 1, 3, 6, and 12 times) and biochar amendment (soil and biochar-amended soil). Modified Hedley sequential P fractionation was conducted to measure the soil P fractions. Increasing the number of freeze–thaw cycles increased soil labile P fractions in the soil with the lowest moisture content (22%). After biochar amendment, the content of labile P decreased as the number of freeze–thaw cycles increased. Biochar amendment enhanced P availability in Mollisols owing to the direct effect of NaOH-Po, which has a large direct path coefficient. Principal components analysis showed that moisture content was a major factor influencing the variation in the P fractions. The P fractions were separated by the interactive effects of biochar amendment and freeze–thaw cycles in soils with a higher moisture content (45%), indicating that the effects of freeze–thaw cycles on P availability appear to be more pronounced in biochar-amended Mollisols of higher water contents.

scholarly journals Soil phosphorus dynamics and availability and irrigated coffee yield

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 503-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Henrique Pereira Reis ◽  
Paulo Tácito Gontijo Guimarães ◽  
Antônio Eduardo Furtini Neto ◽  
Antônio Fernando Guerra ◽  
Nilton Curi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Coffee Yield ◽  
Phosphate Fertilization ◽  
P Application ◽  
Red Latosol ◽  
Leaf P ◽  
Coffea Arabica L ◽  
Total P

Research data have demonstrated that the P demand of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) is similar to that of short-cycle crops. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of annual P fertilization on the soil P status by the quantification of labile, moderately labile, low-labile, and total P fractions, associating them to coffee yield. The experiment was installed in a typical dystrophic Red Latosol (Oxisol) cultivated with irrigated coffee annually fertilized with triple superphosphate at rates of 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 kg ha-1 P2O5. Phosphorus fractions were determined in two soil layers: 0-10 and 10-20 cm. The P leaf contents and coffee yield in 2008 were also evaluated. The irrigated coffee responded to phosphate fertilization in the production phase with gains of up to 138 % in coffee yield by the application of 400 kg ha-1 P2O5. Coffee leaf P contents increased with P applications and stabilized around 1.98 g kg-1, at rates of 270 kg ha-1 P2O5 and higher. Soil P application caused, in general, an increase in bioavailable P fractions, which constitute the main soil P reservoir.

scholarly journals Distribution Changes of Phosphorus in Soil–Plant Systems of Larch Plantations across the Chronosequence

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanpeng Zeng ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
Bin Huang ◽  
Guangyu Chi
Keyword(s):  
N:P Ratio ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Labile P ◽  
Systematic Knowledge

Phosphorus (P) is one of the most important factors influencing the growth and quality of larch plantations. A systematic knowledge of the dynamic changes of P in soil–plant systems can provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable development of larch plantations. We determined the concentration, biomass, and accumulation of P in five tree components (i.e., leaf, branch, bark, stem, and root), and the concentrations of various soil P fractions of larch plantations in 10-, 25-, and 50-year-old stands in northeast China. Our results showed that the N:P ratio and P concentration in leaves increased with stand age, indicating that the growth of larch plantations might be limited by P in the development of stands. The N:P ratio and P concentration in roots, and P resorption efficiency, increased with stand age, indicating the use efficiency of P could be enhanced in older stands. The concentrations of soil-labile P fractions (Resin-P, NaHCO3-Pi, and NaHCO3-Po) in 25- and 50-year-old stands were significantly lower than those in 10-year-old stands, indicating the availability of soil P decreases with the development of larch plantations.

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