scholarly journals What Do Plants Leave after Summer on the Ground?—The Effect of Afforested Plants in Arid Environments

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2559
Author(s):  
César Dionisio Jiménez-Rodríguez ◽  
Miriam Coenders-Gerrits ◽  
Stefan Uhlenbrook ◽  
Jochen Wenninger
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Hydraulic Lift ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Stable Water Isotopes ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Soil Water Conditions ◽  
Willow Trees

The implementation of afforestation programs in arid environments in northern China had modified the natural vegetation patterns. This increases the evaporation flux; however, the influence of these new covers on the soil water conditions is poorly understood. This work aims to describe the effect of Willow bushes (Salix psammophila C. Wang and Chang Y. Yang) and Willow trees (Salix matsudana Koidz.) on the soil water conditions after the summer. Two experimental plots located in the Hailiutu catchment (Shaanxi province, northwest China), and covered with plants of each species, were monitored during Autumn in 2010. The monitoring included the soil moisture, fine root distribution and transpiration fluxes that provided information about water availability, access and use by the plants. Meanwhile, the monitoring of stable water isotopes collected from precipitation, soil water, groundwater and xylem water linked the water paths. The presence of Willow trees and Willow bushes reduce the effect of soil evaporation after summer, increasing the soil moisture respect to bare soil conditions. Also, the presence of soil water with stable water isotope signatures close to groundwater reflect the hydraulic lift process. This is an indication of soil water redistribution carried out by both plant species.

scholarly journals Forest restoration and hydrological parameters effects on soil water conditions: a structural equation modelling approach

RBRH ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora Bessi ◽  
Marcel Okamoto Tanaka ◽  
Lara Aranha da Costa ◽  
Carina Julia Pensa Correa ◽  
Kelly Cristina Tonello
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Forest Structure ◽  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Attributes ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Soil Water Conditions ◽  
Hydrological Variables

ABSTRACT Although the effects of land use changes on hydrological functioning are widely addressed, issues such as which components of the hydrological system are affected, how and on what time scales are still poorly understood. In this context, we evaluated whether forest restoration improves soil water conditions in a Cerrado area, and whether the combined effects of forest structure and hydrological variables influence soil attributes. For this, we monitored three areas in different stages of natural succession over seven months, and evaluated vegetation structure indicators, hydrological indicators and soil indicators. Vegetation structure variables were analyzed with Principal Components Analysis, and to evaluate the direct and indirect effects among the variables we used structural equations modelling. Each successional stage differed in relation to forest structure, affecting the hydrological processes and causing the improvement of soil attributes with forest development. In the initial stage, throughfall was higher due to the more open vegetation, and the soil was more resistant to penetration. With the development of the vegetation, stemflow and interception also increased. As a result of the structural and hydrological changes, the model indicated that soil moisture was influenced directly by throughfall and stemflow, as well as by soil resistance to penetration and infiltration rates, and indirectly by forest structure, which influenced these variables, except infiltration rates. These results suggest that hydrological variables can be good indicators of forest restoration monitoring, providing a direct link to changes in soil conditions.

scholarly journals What do Plants Leave after Summer on the Ground? The Effect of Afforested Plants in Arid Environments

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
César Dionisio Jiménez-Rodríguez ◽  
Miriam Coenders-Gerrits ◽  
Stefan Uhlenbrook ◽  
Jochen Wenninger
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Plant Water Use ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Soil Water Conditions ◽  
Rain Events

Stable isotope concentrations in the soil, rain and ground water have been used to trace the water extraction zones of plants in different environments. The need to identify the plant water use by plants in afforestation programs to control desertification increases the importance of sap water partitioning of plants in sand dune areas. However, the introduction of new plant covers exerts pressure on the water resources and can affect the local soil water conditions. In this study, we analyzed the isotope concentrations in rain, soil, sap, and ground water after the summer of 2010. Two experimental plots established in the Hailiutu catchment (Shaanxi province, northwest China) were selected to gather the water samples between September and October 2010. One plot is dominated by Salix bushes (Salix psammophila C. Wang \& Chang Y. Yang) and the other by the tree species Willow (Salix matsudana Koidz.). The total precipitation at the experimental site was 401 mm/yr during 2010, while 88.7 mm was collected in total for the period September to October. Willow trees transpired 12.82 kg/d being almost three times larger than Salix shrubs (4.57 kg/d). Despite the transpiration rates of both plant species and the few rain events in the region, the soil water beneath the plant covers is not depleted. Stable isotope signature of soil water beneath both covers shows the fractionation front in Salix at 20 cm depth and at Willow at 40 cm depth. However, soil water signature is closer to the groundwater than the collected rain water.

scholarly journals Experimental and simulated CO2 responses of photosynthesis in leaves of Hippophae rhamnoides L. under different soil water conditions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Wu ◽  
Cheng Li ◽  
Qiang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Hippophae Rhamnoides ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Rectangular Hyperbola ◽  
Hippophaë Rhamnoides ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Soil Water Conditions

AbstractCO2 concentrations and soil moisture conditions seriously affect tree growth and physiological mechanisms. CO2 responses of photosynthesis are an important part of plant physiology and ecology research. This study investigated the photosynthetic CO2 responses in the leaves of two-year-old Hippophae rhamnoides L. under eight soil water conditions in a semi-arid loess hilly region, and discussed the quantitative relationship between CO2 responses and soil moisture. CO2 response curves and parameters were fitted using a rectangular hyperbola model, non-rectangular hyperbola model, exponential equation, and modified rectangular hyperbola model. Results revealed that the relative soil water content (RWC) required to maintain a high photosynthetic rate (Pn) and carboxylation efficiency (CE) ranged from 42.8% to 83.2%. When RWC fell outside these ranges, the photosynthetic capacity (Pnmax), CE, and CO2 saturation point (CSP) decreased. CO2 response curves and three parameters, CE, CO2 compensation point (Γ), and photorespiration rate (Rp), were well fitted by the four models when RWC was appropriate. When RWC exceeded the optimal range, only the modified rectangular hyperbola model fitted the CO2 response curves and photosynthetic parameters better.

scholarly journals Root Response to Soil Water Status via Interaction of Crop Genotype and Environment

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 708
Author(s):  
Phanthasin Khanthavong ◽  
Shin Yabuta ◽  
Hidetoshi Asai ◽  
Md. Amzad Hossain ◽  
Isao Akagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Crop Adaptation ◽  
Soil Moisture Status ◽  
Root Distributions

Flooding and drought are major causes of reductions in crop productivity. Root distribution indicates crop adaptation to water stress. Therefore, we aimed to identify crop roots response based on root distribution under various soil conditions. The root distribution of four crops—maize, millet, sorghum, and rice—was evaluated under continuous soil waterlogging (CSW), moderate soil moisture (MSM), and gradual soil drying (GSD) conditions. Roots extended largely to the shallow soil layer in CSW and grew longer to the deeper soil layer in GSD in maize and sorghum. GSD tended to promote the root and shoot biomass across soil moisture status regardless of the crop species. The change of specific root density in rice and millet was small compared with maize and sorghum between different soil moisture statuses. Crop response in shoot and root biomass to various soil moisture status was highest in maize and lowest in rice among the tested crops as per the regression coefficient. Thus, we describe different root distributions associated with crop plasticity, which signify root spread changes, depending on soil water conditions in different crop genotypes as well as root distributions that vary depending on crop adaptation from anaerobic to aerobic conditions.

RESPONSE OF PEAS TO ENVIRONMENT: IV. EFFECT OF FIVE SOIL WATER REGIMES ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PEAS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Maurer ◽  
H. F. Fletcher ◽  
D. P. Ormrod
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Severe Water Stress ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Soil Water Conditions

Pea plants growing in "weighing lysimeters" were subjected to five soil-water regimes to determine their response to varying conditions of soil water imposed at different stages of development. Plants subjected to a minimal water stress developed luxuriantly and continued to grow up to the harvest period. Pea yield and plant height were not reduced, but fresh weight and dry matter were less if irrigation was applied when soil water fell to 60% rather than 88% of that available. A severe water stress after blossom reduced pea yield, irrespective of soil-water conditions prior to blossom. Plants which had been given ample soil water before blossom wilted visibly when a severe stress was imposed in the post-blossom period, yet wilting did not occur in plants subjected to severe water stress both before and after blossom. Severe water stress prior to blossom did not cause a decrease in pea yield if ample soil moisture was made available after blossom.

scholarly journals ОКРЕМІ ПИТАННЯ АНАЛІЗУ УШКОДЖЕНЬ БУДІВЕЛЬНИХ ОБ’ЄКТІВ ВЕЛИКОЇ ПЛОЩІ

2018 ◽  
pp. 356-364
Author(s):  
Марек Дохойда ◽  
Йоанна Вітковска-Добрев
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Expansion Joints ◽  
Concrete Shrinkage ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Complex Engineering ◽  
Soil Water Conditions ◽  
Bottom Slab

У роботі представлений перелік проблем, що супроводжують будівельні об'єкти великої площі, в тому числі й підземні гаражі. Здійснено технічний аналіз окремих проблем, що виникають в таких будівлях під час їх експлуатації. Проектування, а пізніше і будівництво підземних гаражів найчастіше, пов'язане з вирішеням складних інженерних питань. Згідно з ними до найпоширеніших конструкційних недоліків у підземних гаражах віднесні: тріщини нижньої плити, порушення поверхових перекриттів, невластиве кручення бетону, відсутність дилатації або також помилково прийняті ґрунтово-водні умови.The paper concerns complex engineering challenges associated with multi-storey underground car parks. An analysis of selected issues in underground garages during the exploitation was performed. The design and implementation of structures of which function are underground garages is most often associated with serious engineering challenges. For structural reasons frequently occurring faults in garages may include fracture of the bottom slab and intermediate floors resulting from improper design of reinforcement, concrete shrinkage, lack of expansion joints or incorrectly adopted soil-water conditions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of DSSAT soil-water balance module under cropped and bare soil conditions

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério Teixeira de Faria ◽  
Walter Truman Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Root Water Uptake ◽  
Soil Water Balance ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Water Flux

The performance of the soil water balance module (SWBM) in the models of DSSAT v3.5 was evaluated against soil moisture data measured in bare soil and dry bean plots, in Paraná, southern Brazil. Under bare soil, the SWBM showed a low performance to simulate soil moisture profiles due to inadequacies of the method used to calculate unsaturated soil water flux. Improved estimates were achieved by modifying the SWBM with the use of Darcy's equation to simulate soil water flux as a function of soil water potential gradient between consecutive soil layers. When used to simulate water balance for the bean crop, the modified SWBM improved soil moisture estimation but underpredicted crop yield. Root water uptake data indicated that assumptions on the original method limited plant water extraction for the soil in the study area. This was corrected by replacing empirical coefficients with measured values of soil hydraulic conductivity at different depths.

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