scholarly journals Optimal Placement of Pressure Sensors Using Fuzzy DEMATEL-Based Sensor Influence

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Francés-Chust ◽  
Bruno M. Brentan ◽  
Silvia Carpitella ◽  
Joaquín Izquierdo ◽  
Idel Montalvo
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Conditional Entropy ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Network Control ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Fuzzy Dematel ◽  
Control Management

Nowadays, optimal sensor placement (OSP) for leakage detection in water distribution networks is a lively field of research, and a challenge for water utilities in terms of network control, management, and maintenance. How many sensors to install and where to install them are crucial decisions to make for those utilities to reach a trade-off between efficiency and economy. In this paper, we address the where-to-install-them part of the OSP through the following elements: nodes’ sensitivity to leakage, uncertainty of information, and redundancy through conditional entropy maximisation. We evaluate relationships among candidate sensors in a network to get a picture of the mutual influence among the nodes. This analysis is performed within a multi-criteria decision-making approach: specifically, a herein proposed variant of DEMATEL, which uses fuzzy logic and builds comparison matrices derived from information obtained through leakage simulations of the network. We apply the proposal first to a toy example to show how the approach works, and then to a real-world case study.

scholarly journals Unreported leaks location using pressure and flow sensitivity in water distribution networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Salguero ◽  
R. Cobacho ◽  
M. A. Pardo
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Flow Sensitivity ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Regular Network ◽  
Utility Managers

Abstract Water distribution systems are made up of many interdependent elements that enable water supply to meet a demand that is variable in time and space. One of the main concerns for utility managers is quickly locating and repairing a leak after detection, during regular network water balance. This paper presents a two-stage methodology for locating a leak that is based on the hydraulic model of the network, and, particularly, on the conservation equations that govern network behaviour. In the first stage, the sensitivity of each element (nodes and pipes) is obtained for a given demand increase in any node. In the second stage, that sensitivity is combined with additional real data provided by the (possibly) existing pressure sensors and flowmeters installed throughout the network. As a final result, the system of equations thus obtained produces the theoretical leak flow at each network node that matches the network conditions. A subsequent analysis of the leak flows obtained highlights the node or nodes in which the leak is occurring. The presented methodology is applied and assessed in a case study.

scholarly journals Optimal Number of Pressure Sensors for Real-Time Monitoring of Distribution Networks by Using the Hypervolume Indicator

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2235
Author(s):  
Bruno Ferreira ◽  
Nelson Carriço ◽  
Dídia Covas
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
The Real ◽  
Hypervolume Indicator

This article proposes a novel methodology to determine the optimal number of pressure sensors for the real-time monitoring of water distribution networks based on a quality hypervolume indicator. The proposed methodology solves the optimization problem for different numbers of pressure sensors, assesses the gain of installing each set of sensors by means of the hypervolume indicator and determines the optimal number of sensors by the variation of the hypervolume indicator. The methodology was applied to a real case study. Several robustness analyses were carried out. The results demonstrate that the methodology is hardly influenced by the method parameters and that a reasonable estimation of the optimal number of sensors can be easily achieved.

scholarly journals Bi-objective design-for-control of water distribution networks with global bounds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aly-Joy Ulusoy ◽  
Filippo Pecci ◽  
Ivan Stoianov
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Global Optimality ◽  
Linear Programs ◽  
Design For Control ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Feasible Solutions

AbstractThis manuscript investigates the design-for-control (DfC) problem of minimizing pressure induced leakage and maximizing resilience in existing water distribution networks. The problem consists in simultaneously selecting locations for the installation of new valves and/or pipes, and optimizing valve control settings. This results in a challenging optimization problem belonging to the class of non-convex bi-objective mixed-integer non-linear programs (BOMINLP). In this manuscript, we propose and investigate a method to approximate the non-dominated set of the DfC problem with guarantees of global non-dominance. The BOMINLP is first scalarized using the method of $$\epsilon $$ ϵ -constraints. Feasible solutions with global optimality bounds are then computed for the resulting sequence of single-objective mixed-integer non-linear programs, using a tailored spatial branch-and-bound (sBB) method. In particular, we propose an equivalent reformulation of the non-linear resilience objective function to enable the computation of global optimality bounds. We show that our approach returns a set of potentially non-dominated solutions along with guarantees of their non-dominance in the form of a superset of the true non-dominated set of the BOMINLP. Finally, we evaluate the method on two case study networks and show that the tailored sBB method outperforms state-of-the-art global optimization solvers.

scholarly journals Losses Identification in Uncalibrated Water Distribution Networks: A Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 1545-1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Ruzza ◽  
E. Crestani ◽  
G. Darvini ◽  
P. Salandin
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks

scholarly journals Optimal placement of valves in a water distribution network with CLP(FD)

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 731-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
MASSIMILIANO CATTAFI ◽  
MARCO GAVANELLI ◽  
MADDALENA NONATO ◽  
STEFANO ALVISI ◽  
MARCO FRANCHINI
Keyword(s):  
Logic Programming ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Constraint Logic Programming ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Isolation System

AbstractThis paper presents a new application of logic programming to a real-life problem in hydraulic engineering. The work is developed as a collaboration of computer scientists and hydraulic engineers, and applies Constraint Logic Programming to solve a hard combinatorial problem. This application deals with one aspect of the design of a water distribution network, i.e., the valve isolation system design. We take the formulation of the problem by Giustolisi and Savić (2008 Optimal design of isolation valve system for water distribution networks. InProceedings of the 10th Annual Water Distribution Systems Analysis Conference WDSA2008, J. Van Zyl, A. Ilemobade, and H. Jacobs, Eds.) and show how, thanks to constraint propagation, we can get better solutions than the best solution known in the literature for the Apulian distribution network. We believe that the area of the so-calledhydroinformaticscan benefit from the techniques developed in Constraint Logic Programming and possibly from other areas of logic programming, such as Answer Set Programming.

scholarly journals Optimal Placement of Pressure Gauges for Water Distribution Networks Using Entropy Theory Based on Pressure Dependent Hydraulic Simulation

Entropy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Do Yoo ◽  
Dong Chang ◽  
Yang Song ◽  
Jung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Pressure Gauge ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Entropy Method ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Hydraulic Simulation ◽  
Priority Order ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pressure Driven

This study proposed a pressure driven entropy method (PDEM) that determines a priority order of pressure gauge locations, which enables the impact of abnormal condition (e.g., pipe failures) to be quantitatively identified in water distribution networks (WDNs). The method developed utilizes the entropy method from information theory and pressure driven analysis (PDA), which is the latest hydraulic analysis method. The conventional hydraulic approach has problems in determining the locations of pressure gauges, attributable to unrealistic results under abnormal conditions (e.g., negative pressure). The proposed method was applied to two benchmark pipe networks and one real pipe network. The priority order for optimal locations was produced, and the result was compared to existing approach. The results of the conventional method show that the pressure reduction difference of each node became so excessive, which resulted in a distorted distribution. However, with the method developed, which considers the connectivity of a system and the influence among nodes based on PDA and entropy method results, pressure gauges can be more realistically and reasonably located.

scholarly journals Real-Time Hydraulic Interval State Estimation for Water Transport Networks: a Case Study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stelios G. Vrachimis ◽  
Demetrios G. Eliades ◽  
Marios M. Polycarpou
Keyword(s):  
State Estimation ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Estimation Error ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Unaccounted For Water ◽  
Tank Water

Abstract. Hydraulic state estimation in water distribution networks is the task of estimating water flows and pressures in the pipes and nodes of the network based on some sensor measurements. This requires a model of the network, as well as knowledge of demand outflow and tank water levels. Due to modeling and measurement uncertainty, standard state-estimation may result in inaccurate hydraulic estimates without any measure of the estimation error. This paper describes a methodology for generating hydraulic state bounding estimates based on interval bounds on the parametric and measurement uncertainties. The estimation error bounds provided by this method can be applied to estimate the unaccounted-for water in water distribution networks. As a case study, the method is applied to a transport network in Cyprus, using actual data in real-time.

scholarly journals Leakage Calibration in Water Distribution Networks with Pressure-Driven Analysis: A Real Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Joaquim Sousa ◽  
Nuno Martinho ◽  
João Muranho ◽  
Alfeu Sá Marques
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Simulated Annealing Algorithm ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Real Case ◽  
Calibration Process ◽  
Pressure Step ◽  
Water Companies ◽  
Pressure Driven

Leakage in water distribution networks (WDN) is still a major concern for water companies. In recent years, the scientific community has dedicated some effort to the leakage calibration issue to obtain accurate models. But leakage modelling implies the use of a pressure-driven approach as well as specific data to define the pressure/leakage relationship. This paper presents the calibration process of a real case study WDN model. The process started with pressure step tests, the model was built in WaterNetGen and the leakage calibration process was performed by a simulated annealing algorithm. As illustrated, after calibration the model was able to produce accurate results.

scholarly journals Management of Water Distribution Systems in PDA Condition with Isolation Valves

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attilio Fiorini Morosini ◽  
Olga Caruso ◽  
Paolo Veltri
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
System Control ◽  
Pipe Failure ◽  
Reliable System ◽  
Network Nodes ◽  
Pipe Burst

The correct management of Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) allows to obtain a reliable system. When a pipe failure occurs in a network and it is necessary to isolate a zone, it is possible that some nodes do not guarantee service for the users due to inadequate heads. In these conditions a Pressure Driven Analysis (PDA) is the correct approach to evaluate network behavior. This analysis is more appropriate than the Demand Driven Analysis (DDA) because it is known that the effective delivered flow at each node is influenced by the pressure value. In this case, it is important to identify a subset of isolation valves to limit disrupting services in the network. For a real network, additional valves must be added to existing ones. In this paper a new methodological analysis is proposed: it defines an objective function (OF) to provide a measure of the system correct functioning. The network analysis using the OF helps to choose the optimal number of additional valves to obtain an adequate system control. In emergency conditions, the OF takes into account the new network topology obtained excluding the zone where the broken pipe is located. OF values depend on the demand deficit caused by the head decrement in the network nodes for each pipe burst considered. The results obtained for a case study confirm the efficiency of the methodology.

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