scholarly journals A Zero-Liquid Discharge Model for a Transient Solar-Powered Desalination System for Greenhouse

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Akrami ◽  
Alaa Salah ◽  
Mahdieh Dibaj ◽  
Maxime Porcheron ◽  
Akbar Javadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Discharge System ◽  
Sustainable Technologies ◽  
Solar Radiation Intensity ◽  
Liquid Discharge ◽  
The Uk

The need for sustainable desalination arises from fast-occurring global warming and intensifying droughts due to increasing temperatures, particularly in the Middle East and North African (MENA) regions. Lack of water resources has meant that the countries in these regions have had to desalinate seawater through different sustainable technologies for food supplies and agricultural products. Greenhouses (GH) are used to protect crops from harsh climates, creating a controlled environment requiring less water. In order to have a sustainable resilient GH, a zero-liquid-discharge system (ZLD) was developed by using solar still (SS) desalination techniques, humidification-dehumidification (HDH), and rainwater harvesting. An experiment was designed and carried out by designing and manufacturing a wick type solar still, together with an HDH system, implemented into a GH. Using a pyrometer, the solar intensity was recorded, while the microclimate conditions (temperature and relative humidity) of the GH were also monitored. The GH model was tested in the UK and was shown to be a successful standalone model, providing its water requirements. In the UK, for one solar still with a surface area of 0.72 m2, maximum amount of 58 mL of distilled water was achieved per day. In Egypt, a maximum amount of 1090 mL water was collected per day, from each solar still. This difference is mainly due to the differences in the solar radiation intensity and duration in addition to the temperature variance. While dehumidification generated 7 L of distilled water, rainwater harvesting was added as another solution to the greenhouse in the UK, harvested a maximum of 7 L per day from one side (half the area of the greenhouse roof). This helped to compensate for the less distilled water from the solar stills. The results for the developed greenhouses showed how GHs in countries with different weather conditions could be standalone systems for their agricultural water requirement.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Hemispherical Solar Stills With Various Modifications to Obtain Modified and Inexpensive Stills Models 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed El Hadi Attia ◽  
abd elnaby kabeel ◽  
Mohamed Abdelgaied ◽  
Gamal B. Abdelaziz
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Water Film ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vapor Condensation ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Reference Case ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Water Vapor Condensation ◽  
The Cost

Abstract This study is intended to comparative and analyze the operational performances of the conventional hemispherical solar still (CHSS), hemispherical solar still with glass cover cooling (HSS-C), and hemispherical solar still with CuO-water based nanofluid (HSS-N). To Obtain the best modifications that achieve the highest productivity with the lower inexpensive. The conventional hemispherical still (CHSS) was utilized as the reference case to investigate the best modification. In the first modification, CuO nanoparticles with three different concentrations (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3%) were added to the basin water, to increase the intensity of absorbed solar energy, improve the thermal properties of basin fluid, and then increase the rate of vapor generation inside the distillation basin. In the second modification, water film glass cooling technology with three different flow rates (1.5, 2, and 2.5 L/h) was utilized to increase the water vapor condensation rate. The experiments test of the three distillers (CHSS, HSS-N, and HSS-C) was conducted at the same weather conditions at 1 cm basin fluid depth. The average daily accumulative yield of CHSS is 3.85 L/m2/day, while the daily accumulative yield of HSS-N increases to 5.75, 6.40, and 6.80 L/m2/day with improvement 49.3, 66.2, and 76.6% at volume fraction 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3%, respectively. Also, the daily accumulative yield of HSS-C increases to 4.9, 5.35, and 5.7 L/m2/day with improvements of 27.3, 39, and 48% at water film flow rates of 1.5, 2, and 2.5 L/h, respectively. The cost of distilled water produced from CHSS is 0.0106 $/L, while the utilization of HSS-C (2.5 L/h) and HSS-N (0.3%) reduces the cost of distilled water to 0.0072 and 0.0066 $/L, respectively. Based on accumulative yield and economic analyzes, it is recommended that utilized the modified HSS-N (0.3% volume fraction) to achieving the highest accumulative yield and the lowest price of the produced distilled water.

scholarly journals An Experimental Work on the Performance of Single Solar Still with Parabolic Trough Collector in Hot Climate Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1627-1633
Author(s):  
Hawraa Fadhel ◽  
Qahtan A. Abed ◽  
Dhafer M. Hachim
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Fluid Temperature ◽  
Productivity Analysis ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Parabolic Trough ◽  
Parabolic Trough Collector ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Hot Climate

This study investigated the production of single slope solar still and the influence of combining with a parabolic trough collector. The effect of the different working fluid types on freshwater productivity, outlet working fluid temperature, heat gain, and thermal efficiency has been studied under the weather conditions of south city of Iraq/ Najaf (32° 1' N / 44° 1' E). The first type was water and the second type is nanofluid. The results of the comparison showed when using water as a working fluid flowing inside the receiving tube for different days; the highest temperatures were obtained at 12:00 pm, and the average productivity of distilled water was obtained in May and June 2021 were 4.5358 and 6.733 kg/m2/day respectively. While when using the nanofluid as a working fluid flowing inside the Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) receiver tube, the outlet temperatures were rising for the same comparison days with an increase in the productivity of distilled water. Where the freshwater productivity during the day was 8.745328 kg /m2 /day as, and it was 9.018119 kg/m2/day during the other day. A productivity analysis was carried out for two different working fluid types (Water and nanofluid instead of water) as a fluid running inside the receiving tube of PTC. The freshwater produced from PTC (with nanofluid) was a 42.2% improvement in productivity compared with conventional PTC.

SIMULATION OF DISTILLED WATER PRODUCTION USING A TRIANGULAR SOLAR STILL － IN CASE OF A PAIKGACHA, A COASTAL AREA OF BANGLADESH －

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. I_155-I_163
Author(s):  
Shunya KATO ◽  
Hiroaki TERASAKI ◽  
Tomohiro UMEMURA ◽  
Rei TAKAHASHI ◽  
Teruyuki FUKUHARA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Area ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Solar Still

scholarly journals Rain Erosion Maps for Wind Turbines Based on Geographical Locations: A Case Study in Ireland and Britain

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Pugh ◽  
M. M. Stack
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Wind Turbine Blades ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
The Uk

AbstractErosion rates of wind turbine blades are not constant, and they depend on many external factors including meteorological differences relating to global weather patterns. In order to track the degradation of the turbine blades, it is important to analyse the distribution and change in weather conditions across the country. This case study addresses rainfall in Western Europe using the UK and Ireland data to create a relationship between the erosion rate of wind turbine blades and rainfall for both countries. In order to match the appropriate erosion data to the meteorological data, 2 months of the annual rainfall were chosen, and the differences were analysed. The month of highest rain, January and month of least rain, May were selected for the study. The two variables were then combined with other data including hailstorm events and locations of wind turbine farms to create a general overview of erosion with relation to wind turbine blades.

scholarly journals Thermo-economic and environmental optimization of a solar-driven zero-liquid discharge system for shale gas wastewater desalination

Desalination ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 511 ◽  
pp. 115098
Author(s):  
Viviani C. Onishi ◽  
Mohammad H. Khoshgoftar Manesh ◽  
Raquel Salcedo-Díaz ◽  
Rubén Ruiz-Femenia ◽  
Juan A. Labarta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shale Gas ◽  
Discharge System ◽  
Liquid Discharge

scholarly journals A zero liquid discharge system integrating multi-effect distillation and evaporative crystallization for desalination brine treatment

Desalination ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 502 ◽  
pp. 114928
Author(s):  
Qian Chen ◽  
Muhammad Burhan ◽  
Muhammad Wakil Shahzad ◽  
Doskhan Ybyraiymkul ◽  
Faheem Hassan Akhtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discharge System ◽  
Liquid Discharge ◽  
Evaporative Crystallization ◽  
Brine Treatment

To bee or not to beet with neonicotinoids

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-109
Author(s):  
Lynda M. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Precautionary Approach ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Commercial Sugar ◽  
The Uk ◽  
First Time

In January 2021 the UK government granted an application for authorisation to use thiamethoxam, a neonicotinoid pesticide, to protect commercial sugar beet crops from attack by viruses transmitted by aphids. This was the first time such an authorisation had been granted in the United Kingdom (UK) and there were concerns that it signalled a weakening of environmental standards now that the UK was no longer part of the European Union. In fact, similar authorisations had been granted by several European Member States in the last 2 years, despite the ban on the use of neonicotinoids introduced in 2018. Nevertheless, the reasons for granting the authorisation do suggest that the balance between adopting a precautionary approach to environmental protection and taking emergency action to protect economic interests may have shifted. It was acknowledged that the proposed mitigation to safeguard bees and other wildlife was not entirely satisfactory. In the end, due to unforeseen weather conditions it meant that the pesticide is not necessary, which in itself demonstrates that short-term emergency measures are unsuitable for dealing with the problem. If the sugar beet industry is to continue to prosper in the UK, it will need to be managed in a way that provides resistance to virus infection without the use of controversial chemicals.

scholarly journals Production rate and cost comparison of ceramic block solar desalination unit (CBSDU) with basin type solar still (BSS)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Md Hamidul Islam ◽  
Quazi Hamidul Bari ◽  
Md Shafiqul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Ceramic Block ◽  
Solar Desalination ◽  
Concrete Base ◽  
Coastal Belt ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Installation Cost

Distilled water for drinking purposes is vital especially in semi or arid countries where surface water is limited and groundwater is saline. The ceramic block solar desalination unit (CBSDU) is significant for single household in developing countries like Bangladesh. The aims of this study are to monitor daily production and cost compared with basin type solar still (BSS). The materials and installation cost of the ceramic block solar unit was estimated Tk.40 per solar desalination unit. The field experiment was carried out on the roof top of the civil engineering building, KUET from 24th February to 11th June, 2012. The CBSDU was installed perpendicular to the surface, from 2 feet above the surface, on a concrete base. The collection bottle was put under the concrete base. The distilled water was collected every day at least two hours after sunset. The average production was found 4.26 lit/m2/day. The CBSDU offers 12% less cost than BSS. Single household can easily use CBSDU for their drinking water in coastal belt of Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Biology of Flowering, Fruit and Viability of Pollen of Varieties and Forms of Quince Cultivated on the Territory of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
L. Bayramov
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Germinated Pollen ◽  
Autonomous Republic

Abstract. The zones of distribution of varieties and forms of quince on the territory of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic have been established, phenological observations have been carried out, their flowering and fruiting have been studied. On the territory of the Autonomous Republic, flowering of varieties and forms of quince begins in the second decade of April, depending on the distribution zone, with an average daily temperature of 12–13 °C and lasts 12–13 days, depending on weather conditions. Each flower has 10–12 stamens arranged in one row. The article also studied the viability of pollen in a number of quince varieties. Pollen viability was studied in the varieties Sary, Tursh, Ordubad, Gara and wild forms. Pollen fertility was determined by staining with acetocarmine. Pollen germinates in 2–5–10–15 and 20% glucose solution. Counting of germinated pollen grains was carried out under a microscope. The study showed that of all the experimental varieties, the pollen fertility of the Sary quince and Tursh quince varieties is high (up to 96.6–97.1%). The best medium for the germination of quince pollen is a 10–15% glucose solution. Pollen germination in this solution reaches 47.4–88.0%. In distilled water (control), the germination of quince pollen reached from 9.7% to 35.6% for varieties. Quince pollen remains viable for 31–43 days.

scholarly journals Dual Axis Solar Tracker with Weather Sensor

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S11) ◽  
pp. 3308-3311
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Control Element ◽  
Sensing Element ◽  
Advanced Level ◽  
Solar Tracking ◽  
Solar Tracker ◽  
Arduino Uno

This paper presents the outline and execution of simple, easy and cheaper automatic dual axis solar tracking system using Arduino UNO as the control element and light detecting sensors (LDRS) as the sensing element. This project involves advanced level of technology to capture maximum amount of energy using sun’s radiations. The main purpose is to increase the efficiency of tracking system which can rotate in all four directions continuously according to intensity of radiations and for energy conversion. In this, the voltage from panel is calculated from time to time in an interval of 1hr and this voltage is used to sense the weather conditions and display the climatic temperatures

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