scholarly journals Compound Inundation Impacts of Coastal Climate Change: Sea-Level Rise, Groundwater Rise, and Coastal Precipitation

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2776
Author(s):  
Reyhaneh Rahimi ◽  
Hassan Tavakol-Davani ◽  
Cheyenne Graves ◽  
Atalie Gomez ◽  
Mohammadebrahim Fazel Valipour
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Knowledge Gap ◽  
Coastal Watershed ◽  
Drainage Capacity ◽  
Groundwater Rise ◽  
Compound Effect

The importance of considering the compound effects of multiple hazards has increased in recent years due to their catastrophic impacts on human lives and property. Compound effects correspond to events with multiple concurrent or consecutive drivers, e.g., heavy storms, coastal flooding, high tides, and sea level rise (SLR). There is a recent evidence on inundation caused by SLR-driven groundwater rise, and there is a distinct knowledge gap in understanding the compound inundation effects of this phenomenon considering the important hydrologic and hydraulic considerations under compound events. To fill this knowledge gap, we developed a novel analytical framework to understand the movements of the surface flow under typical precipitation events considering their interaction with uprising groundwater and SLR in a coastal watershed located in Oakland Flatlands, CA, USA, home to several disadvantaged communities. This modelling approach simulates the dynamics of compound flooding in two dimensions of the earth surface in a fine resolution, which is critical for devising proper flood management strategies. The reason to focus on disadvantaged coastal communities is that such communities typically encounter disproportionate environmental injustices due to the lack of sufficient drainage capacity in their infrastructure. Our results show that by considering the compound effect of SLR, groundwater inundation and precipitation flooding, the drainage capacity of infrastructure will be substantially exceeded, such that over 700 acres of the built infrastructure could be flooded. This is a considerable increase compared to scenarios that do not consider compound effect, or scenarios that consider inappropriate combinations of driving factors. In sum, our results highlight the significance of considering compound effects in the coastal inundation analyses, with a particular emphasis on the role of groundwater rise.

scholarly journals Effects of sea level rise on hydrology: case study in a typical mid-Atlantic coastal watershed

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 730-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xixi Wang ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Homa Jalaeian Taghadomi ◽  
Shohreh Pedram ◽  
Xiao Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Groundwater Table ◽  
Peak Discharge ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Flood Peak ◽  
Coastal Watershed ◽  
Coastal Watersheds

Abstract Sea level rise (SLR) can negatively affect the hydrology of coastal watersheds. However, the relevant information is incomplete and insufficient in existing literature. The objective of this study is to present a modeling approach to predict long-term effects of SLR on changes of flood peak, flood stage, and groundwater table with an assumption that the historical climate would reoccur in the future. The study was conducted for a typical coastal watershed in southeast USA. The results indicate that sea level had been rising at a rate of 4.21 mm yr−1 from 1948 to 1982 but at a faster rate of 5.16 mm yr−1 from 1983 to 2013. At such SLR rates and by 2113, the groundwater table beneath the eastern part of the watershed would be raised by 0.10 to 0.29 m, while the annual mean peak discharge and flood stage at the watershed outlet would be increased by 13.84 m3 s−1 (from 3.63 to 17.47 m3 s−1) and 0.92 m (from zero to 0.92 m), respectively. The other parts of the watershed would be relatively less affected by SLR. For coastal watersheds, SLR will probably raise the groundwater table, and increase the magnitude and occurrence of peak discharge and flood stage.

Adaptation Planning to Mitigate Coastal-Road Pavement Damage from Groundwater Rise Caused by Sea-Level Rise

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayne F. Knott ◽  
Jo Sias Daniel ◽  
Jennifer M. Jacobs ◽  
Paul Kirshen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Groundwater Modeling ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Base Layer ◽  
Premature Failure ◽  
Groundwater Rise ◽  
Pavement Service Life

Sea level in coastal New England is projected to rise 3.9–6.6 ft (1.2–2.0 m) by the year 2100. Many climate-change vulnerability and adaptation studies have investigated surface-water flooding from sea-level rise (SLR) on coastal-road infrastructure, but few have focused on rising groundwater. Groundwater modeling in New Hampshire’s Seacoast Region has shown that SLR-induced groundwater rise will occur three to four times farther inland than surface-water flooding, potentially impacting 23% of the region’s roads. Pavement service-life has been shown to decrease when the unbound layers become saturated. In areas where groundwater is projected to rise with SLR, pavements with groundwater 5.0 ft (1.5 m) deep or less are at risk of premature failure as groundwater moves into the pavement’s underlying unbound layers. In this study, groundwater hydrology and multi-layer elastic pavement analysis were used to identify two case-study sites in coastal New Hampshire that are predicted to experience pavement service-life reduction caused by SLR-induced groundwater rise. Various pavement structures were evaluated to determine adaptation feasibility and costs to maintain the designed service-life in the face of rising groundwater. This investigation shows that relatively simple pavement structural modifications to the base and asphalt concrete (AC) layers of a regional corridor can eliminate the 80% to 90% service-life reduction projected with 1.0 ft SLR (year 2030) and will delay pavement inundation by 20 years. Pavements with adequate base-layer materials and thickness require only AC thickness modification to avoid premature pavement failure from SLR-induced groundwater rise.

scholarly journals Crown Wall Modifications as Response to Wave Overtopping under a Future Sea Level Scenario: An Experimental Parametric Study for an Innovative Composite Seawall

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasquale Contestabile ◽  
Gaetano Crispino ◽  
Sara Russo ◽  
Corrado Gisonni ◽  
Furio Cascetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Rear Side ◽  
Wave Energy Conversion ◽  
Wave Overtopping ◽  
Influence Of Water

The overtopping phenomenon at the rear side of breakwaters has particular importance in harbor protection. Undoubtedly, this topic needs to be taken even more seriously, considering the sea level rise. The present study focuses on the effectiveness in the reduction of the wave overtopping of a triangular parapet placed on the top of an innovative concrete superstructure. The last is part of the OBREC device (Overtopping BReakwater for wave Energy Conversion), an overtopping structure which is integrated into a traditional rubble-mound breakwater, to convert wave energy into electricity. Parametric laboratory tests, including the influence of water depth, have led to the evaluation of the accuracy of the main literature formulations and to the introduction of a new overtopping formula to take into account the influence of the parapet geometry. The results highlight the capability of the parapet in significantly increasing the hydraulic protection compared to a breakwater with a traditional crown wall. The findings from this work are expected to support in promoting and developing adaptive management strategies for existing coastal defenses and smart approaches in the construction and maintenance of new ones, with special reference to future sea-level-rise scenarios.

Modeling Groundwater Rise Caused by Sea-Level Rise in Coastal New Hampshire

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Jacobs ◽  
Jayne F. Knott ◽  
Jo S. Daniel ◽  
Paul Kirshen
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Groundwater Rise

scholarly journals Coastal Structures as Beach Erosion Control and Sea Level Rise Adaptation in Malaysia: A Review

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1741
Author(s):  
Ahmad Hadi Mohamed Rashidi ◽  
Mohamad Hidayat Jamal ◽  
Mohamad Zaki Hassan ◽  
Siti Salihah Mohd Sendek ◽  
Syazana Lyana Mohd Sopie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Coastal Erosion ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Erosion Control ◽  
Beach Erosion ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Sea Level Rise Adaptation ◽  
Erosion Protection ◽  
And Sea Level

The shoreline of Malaysia is exposed to threats of coastal erosion and a rise of sea level. The National Coastal Erosion Study, 2015 reported that 15% of an 8840 km shoreline is currently eroding, where one-third of those falls under the critical and significant categories that require structural protection. The Study of Sea Level Rise in Malaysia, 2017 presented a sea-level increase of 0.67–0.74 mm on average yearly. This study reviewed selected coastal protection structures along the shoreline of Malaysia as an erosion control and sea-level rise adaptation based on coastal management strategies. Hard structures such as rock revetment and breakwater are commonly used as erosion protection systems in the “hold the line” strategy. Increased platform level of seawalls and earth bunds, considered as an “adaptation” approach, are effective in erosion protection and are adaptive to sea-level rise. Mangrove replanting is suitable as a “limited intervention” approach in minimizing the long-term impact of both threats. However, offshore breakwater, groyne, and geotextile tubes are solely for protection purposes and are not as effective for sea-level rise adaptation. As the sea level is continuously increasing, their function as coastal protection will also become less effective. In summary, this comprehensive review on coastal protection in Malaysia will benefit the related agencies on the future assessment.

scholarly journals ADAPTATION ASSESSMENT TO FUTURE BEACH LOSS DUE TO SEA LEVEL RISE IN THAILAND

2018 ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Chatuphorn Somphong ◽  
Keiko Udo ◽  
Sompratana Ritphring ◽  
Hiroaki Shirakawa ◽  
So Kazama
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Beach Nourishment ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Rcp Scenarios ◽  
Recreation Use

Coastal erosion induced by seal level rise could become more serious problems worldwide (Hinkel et al., 2013; Udo and Takeda, 2017). There has been recent study regarding the projection of future (2100) erosion due to SLR in Thailand according to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) projection of SLR based on representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios. By overall, Thailand sandy beach areas are projected to be lost approximately 46% (RCP2.6) to 72% (RCP8.5) of its current condition (Ritphring et al., accepted) and the plan for its adaptation should be devised. Among variety of management strategies used for coastal protections, Yoshida et al. (2014) proposed a framework for a proper beach nourishment considering beach roles of environment conservation and recreation use and applied for Japanese beaches. Meanwhile, dike construction was adopted as an option in a global scale (Hinkel et al., 2013). Since there is no applicable adaptation framework to Thailand, this study provides a new framework to adapt to the sea level rise by cost-benefit analysis considering beach nourishment and dike construction as adaptation options.

scholarly journals Tidal Marsh Susceptibility to Sea-Level Rise: Importance of Local-Scale Models

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen M. Thorne ◽  
Kevin J. Buffington ◽  
Deborah L. Elliott-Fisk ◽  
John Y. Takekawa
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Key Management ◽  
Tidal Marsh ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
High Marsh ◽  
Marsh Habitat ◽  
Species Vulnerability

Abstract Increasing concern over sea-level rise impacts to coastal tidal marsh ecosystems has led to modeling efforts to anticipate outcomes for resource management decision making. Few studies on the Pacific coast of North America have modeled sea-level rise marsh susceptibility at a scale relevant to local wildlife populations and plant communities. Here, we use a novel approach in developing an empirical sea-level rise ecological response model that can be applied to key management questions. Calculated elevation change over 13 y for a 324-ha portion of San Pablo Bay National Wildlife Refuge, California, USA, was used to represent local accretion and subsidence processes. Next, we coupled detailed plant community and elevation surveys with measured rates of inundation frequency to model marsh state changes to 2100. By grouping plant communities into low, mid, and high marsh habitats, we were able to assess wildlife species vulnerability and to better understand outcomes for habitat resiliency. Starting study-site conditions were comprised of 78% (253-ha) high marsh, 7% (30-ha) mid marsh, and 4% (18-ha) low marsh habitats, dominated by pickleweed Sarcocornia pacifica and cordgrass Spartina spp. Only under the low sea-level rise scenario (44 cm by 2100) did our models show persistence of some marsh habitats to 2100, with the area dominated by low marsh habitats. Under mid (93 cm by 2100) and high sea-level rise scenarios (166 cm by 2100), most mid and high marsh habitat was lost by 2070, with only 15% (65 ha) remaining, and a complete loss of these habitats by 2080. Low marsh habitat increased temporarily under all three sea-level rise scenarios, with the peak (286 ha) in 2070, adding habitat for the endemic endangered California Ridgway’s rail Rallus obsoletus obsoletus. Under mid and high sea-level rise scenarios, an almost complete conversion to mudflat occurred, with most of the area below mean sea level. Our modeling assumed no marsh migration upslope due to human levee and infrastructure preventing these types of processes. Other modeling efforts done for this area have projected marsh persistence to 2100, but our modeling effort with site-specific datasets allowed us to model at a finer resolution with much higher local confidence, resulting in different results for management. Our results suggest that projected sea-level rise will have significant impacts on marsh plant communities and obligate wildlife, including those already under federal and state protection. Comprehensive modeling as done here improves the potential to implement adaptive management strategies and prevent marsh habitat and wildlife loss in the future.

Sea change under climate change: case studies in rare plant conservation from the dynamic San Francisco Estuary

Botany ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 309-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda J. Grewell ◽  
Erin K. Espeland ◽  
Peggy L. Fiedler
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Plant Conservation ◽  
San Francisco Estuary ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Rare Plant

We present case studies supporting management of two rare plant species in tidal wetlands of the San Francisco Estuary. We used empirical demographic analyses to identify factors to enhance population establishment and survival of Chloropyron molle subsp. molle (Orobancaceae), an annual hemiparasite, and to compare reintroduced with natural populations. Twelve years after outplanting, the reintroduced population persists but is in decline; impediments to success include the lack of adaptive management response to weed invasions and muted variance in hydrology. Transplantation of Lilaeopsis masonii (Apiaceae), a rhizomatous perennial herb, failed to meet success criteria for mitigation at local project scale, but dispersal and establishment of metapopulation patches indicated persistence at the landscape scale. This species has been found to be genetically indistinct from a widespread congener, and has few threats to persistence so long as suitable habitat is present. These two examples demonstrate the need for integrated conservation management strategies that prioritize habitat connectivity and maintain physical processes to support dispersal in response to sea level rise. For the hemiparasite, assisted colonization may sustain populations threatened by sea level rise, but only if a strong commitment to effective stewardship is realized.

Glacial Contributions to 21st Century Sea Level Rise

Eos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Wheeling
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Mass Change ◽  
Sources Of Uncertainty

Researchers identify the main sources of uncertainty in projections of global glacier mass change, which is expected to add about 8–16 centimeters to sea level, through this century.

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