A Case Study of Flood Risk Evaluation Based on Emergy Theory and Cloud Model in Anyang Region, China

With the progression of climate change, the intensity and frequency of extreme rainfall have increased in many parts of the world, while the continuous acceleration of urbanization has made cities more vulnerable to floods. In order to effectively estimate and assess the risks brought by flood disasters, this paper proposes a regional flood disaster risk assessment model combining emergy theory and the cloud model. The emergy theory can measure many kinds of hazardous factor and convert them into unified solar emergy (sej) for quantification. The cloud model can transform the uncertainty in flood risk assessment into certainty in an appropriate way, making the urban flood risk assessment more accurate and effective. In this study, the flood risk assessment model combines the advantages of the two research methods to establish a natural and social dual flood risk assessment system. Based on this, the risk assessment system of the flood hazard cloud model is established. This model was used in a flood disaster risk assessment, and the risk level was divided into five levels: very low risk, low risk, medium risk, high risk, and very high risk. Flood hazard risk results were obtained by using the entropy weight method and fuzzy transformation method. As an example for the application of this model, this paper focuses on the Anyang region which has a typical continental monsoon climate. The results show that the Anyang region has a serious flood disaster threat. Within this region, Linzhou County and Anyang County have very high levels of risk for flood disaster, while Hua County, Neihuang County, Wenfeng District and Beiguan District have high levels of risk for flood disaster. These areas are the core urban areas and the economic center of local administrative regions, with 70% of the industrial clusters being situated in these regions. Only with the coordinated development of regional flood control planning, economy, and population, and reductions in the uncertainty of existing flood control and drainage facilities can the sustainable, healthy and stable development of the region be maintained.

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Flood risk assessment in Ya'an, Sichuan, China based on the emergy theory

Journal of Water and Climate Change ◽

10.2166/wcc.2021.133 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaolong Shu ◽

Yufeng Ren ◽

Zhe Duan ◽

Xing Liu ◽

Xiaojun Hua ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Flood Risk ◽

Regional Differences ◽

Flood Control ◽

Back Propagation ◽

Scientific Basis ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Flood Risk Assessment ◽

Index Method ◽

Emergy Theory

Abstract The emergy theory provides a new approach for flood risk assessment from an ecological perspective. By employing the emergy method, we used five indicators (rainfall runoff, medical workers and students per 10,000 people, social fixed assets investment, unit land GDP, and land-use types) from three dimensions (natural environment, population, and social economy) and the GIS technique to assess the potential impact and risk of a flood disaster on different regions in Ya'an City. Our findings revealed regional differences in the distribution of flood risks in Ya'an City: Lushan County and Yucheng District face the highest risks, followed by Tianquan County and Mingshan District, and Shimian County has the lowest risk. The index method was employed to analyze the regional differences. By training a back-propagation neural network with data of flood disasters in the study area, we produced a flood risk distribution map. We found that Mingshan District, Lushan County and Yucheng District have higher risks than other regions. The results largely agree with what we obtained using the emergy method. Our study shows that flood risk assessment based on the emergy theory can provide a scientific basis for flood control and disaster relief initiatives.

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An Integrated Flood Risk Assessment Model for Cities Located in the Transitional Zone between Taihang Mountains and North China Plain: A Case Study in Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos10030104 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 104 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Qiang Liu ◽

Hongmao Yang ◽

Min Liu ◽

Rui Sun ◽

Junhai Zhang

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Flood Risk ◽

North China Plain ◽

North China ◽

Transitional Zone ◽

Assessment Model ◽

Analysis Tool ◽

Risk Assessment Model ◽

Flood Risk Assessment ◽

Risk Map

Cities located in the transitional zone between Taihang Mountains and North China plain run high flood risk in recent years, especially urban waterlogging risk. In this paper, we take Shijiazhuang, which is located in this transitional zone, as the study area and proposed a new flood risk assessment model for this specific geographical environment. Flood risk assessment indicator factors are established by using the digital elevation model (DEM), along with land cover, economic, population, and precipitation data. A min-max normalization method is used to normalize the indices. An analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method is used to determine the weight of each normalized index and the geographic information system (GIS) spatial analysis tool is adopted for calculating the risk map of flood disaster in Shijiazhuang. This risk map is consistent with the reports released by Hebei Provincial Water Conservancy Bureau and can provide reference for flood risk management.

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Rapid Global Exposure Assessment for Extreme River Flood Risk Under Climate Change

Journal of Disaster Research ◽

10.20965/jdr.2016.p1128 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1128-1136 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Youngjoo Kwak ◽

◽

Yoichi Iwami ◽

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Risk Assessment ◽

Flood Risk ◽

Large Scale ◽

Flood Hazard ◽

Data Availability ◽

Flood Risk Assessment ◽

Daily Data ◽

Extreme Flood ◽

River Flood

Globally, large-scale floods are one of the most serious disasters, considering increased frequency and intensity of heavy rainfall. This is not only a domestic problem but also an international water issue related to transboundary rivers in terms of global river flood risk assessment. The purpose of this study is to propose a rapid flood hazard model as a methodological possibility to be used on a global scale, which uses flood inundation depth and works reasonably despite low data availability. The method is designed to effectively simplify complexities involving hydrological and topographical variables in a flood risk-prone area when applied in an integrated global flood risk assessment framework. The model was used to evaluate flood hazard and exposure through pixel-based comparison in the case of extreme flood events caused by an annual maximum daily river discharge of 1/50 probability of occurrence under the condition of climate change between two periods, Present (daily data from 1980 to 2004) and Future (daily data from 2075 to 2099). As preliminary results, the maximum potential extent of inundation area and the maximum number of affected people show an upward trend in Present and Future.

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Research on Flood Risk Assessment Model at Regional Scale

2013 Fourth International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Engineering Applications ◽

10.1109/isdea.2013.513 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Chen Hao-Rui ◽

Wang Shao-Li

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Flood Risk ◽

Regional Scale ◽

Assessment Model ◽

Risk Assessment Model ◽

Flood Risk Assessment

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Flood hazard and flood risk assessment at the local spatial scale: a case study

Geomatics Natural Hazards and Risk ◽

10.1080/19475705.2016.1166874 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 1973-1992 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Matej Vojtek ◽

Jana Vojteková

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Spatial Scale ◽

Flood Risk ◽

Flood Hazard ◽

Flood Risk Assessment

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Index-based flood risk assessment for Metro Manila

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2020.010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 851-859 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. J. Rubio ◽

I. S. Yu ◽

H. Y. Kim ◽

S. M. Jeong

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Land Use Planning ◽

Flood Risk ◽

Flood Hazard ◽

The Philippines ◽

Flood Risk Assessment ◽

Disaster Insurance ◽

Metro Manila ◽

Hazard And Risk ◽

Populated Region

Abstract This study focuses on index-based flood risk assessment in Metro Manila, the capital region of the Philippines and most densely populated region in the country. Its objective is to properly address urban characteristics in flood risk assessment by introducing a specific urban-type set of physical, social, economic and ecological indicators. Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was used to quantify the optimal selection weights for each of the selected 14 indicators. Five levels of flood risk will be presented in spatial maps using geographic information system (GIS) ranging from Very Low Risk to Very High Risk. Results of this study are expected to aid in understanding flood hazard and risk in Metro Manila. Moreover, the resulting flood risk information can be used as a decision tool in policy making, land-use planning, developing guidelines and countermeasures and flood disaster insurance.

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Flood Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk Assessment for Different Land Use Classes Using a Flow Model

Earth Systems and Environment ◽

10.1007/s41748-019-00141-w ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 225-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Md Abdullah Al Baky ◽

Muktarun Islam ◽

Supria Paul

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Critical Point ◽

Return Period ◽

Flood Risk ◽

Flood Hazard ◽

Flow Simulation ◽

Flood Risk Assessment ◽

Damage Functions ◽

Flood Vulnerability ◽

Different Levels

AbstractThis study is concerned with flood risk that can be assessed by integrating GIS, hydraulic modelling and required field information. A critical point in flood risk assessment is that while flood hazard is the same for a given area in terms of intensity, the risk could be different depending on a set of conditions (flood vulnerability). Clearly, risk is a function of hazard and vulnerability. This study aims to introducing a new approach of assessing flood risk, which successfully addresses this above-mentioned critical issue. The flood risk was assessed from flood hazard and vulnerability indices. Two-dimensional flood flow simulation was performed with Delft3D model to compute floodplain inundation depths for hazard assessment. For the purpose of flood vulnerability assessment, elements at risk and flood damage functions were identified and assessed, respectively. Then, finally flood risk was assessed first by combining replacement values assessed for the elements and then using the depth–damage function. Applying this approach, the study finds that areas with different levels of flood risk do not always increase with the increase in return period of flood. However, inundated areas with different levels of flood depth always increase with the increase in return period of flood. The approach for flood risk assessment adopted in this study successfully addresses the critical point in flood risk study, where flood risk can be varied even after there is no change in flood hazard intensity.

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