scholarly journals Effects of Packing Media and the Insertion of Vegetation on the Performance of Biological Trickling Filters

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1735
Author(s):  
Vinícius Ferreira Martins ◽  
Greicelene Jesus da Silva ◽  
Alisson Carraro Borges
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Trickling Filters ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
The Media ◽  
Kjeldahl Nitrogen ◽  
Selection Of

The use of the plant Chrysopogon zizanioides (vetiver), able to develop under adverse conditions while removing a great number of pollutants, in constructed wetlands (CWs) is widely reported. Regarding the biological trickling filters (BTFs), the selection of the media is one of the most important factors in its performance. We investigated whether the addition of vegetation improves the efficiency of the basic parameters of BTFs with gravel. In addition, due to the properties of light expanded clay aggregate (LECA), we evaluated whether the support media composed of vetiver and LECA is able to increase the media’s oxygenation. The efficiencies were 39, 49, 56, and 49% for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and 27, 20, 12, and 31%, for total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) in BTFLV (vetiver with LECA), BTFL (LECA only), BTFGV (vetiver with gravel) and BTFG (gravel only), respectively. LECA when associated with vetiver may have provided higher aeration of the filter, denoted by the higher nitrate effluent concentration (0.35, against 0.03, 0.06, and 0.10 mg L−1 for BTFL, BTFGV, and BTFG). Vetiver had no improvement on BTFs performance concerning BOD. However, associated with LECA, its use could be viable to remove dissolved forms of nitrogen.

Performance of constructed wetlands with ornamental plants in the treatment of domestic wastewater under the tropical climate of South Mexico

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra S. Méndez-Mendoza ◽  
Ricardo Bello-Mendoza ◽  
David Herrera-López ◽  
Gamaliel Mejía-González ◽  
Angeles Calixto-Romo
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Alpinia Purpurata

In developing countries located in tropical and subtropical regions, the use of ornamental plant species in constructed wetlands (CWs) could add benefits to the treatment of wastewater. This paper presents a study on the efficiency of using plants of economic importance in South Mexico (Heliconia stricta, Heliconia psittacorum and Alpinia purpurata) within an anaerobic digester horizontal subsurface CW system for treating domestic wastewater. The CW with H. psittacorum showed the highest level of removal of biochemical oxygen demand (48%), chemical oxygen demand (64%), total phosphorus (39%) and total nitrogen (39%). This species and H. stricta (which showed slightly lower percentages of removal) may be a viable alternative to using macrophytes in CW in tropical areas such as Chiapas, Mexico.

scholarly journals Eco-Friendly Soaking Process Using Tannic Acid as an Alternative Bactericide

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arife Candaş Adigüzel Zengin ◽  
Selime Menteş Çolak ◽  
Gökhan Zengin ◽  
Eylem Kiliç
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
Tannery Effluents ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Kjeldahl Nitrogen

Abstract Eco-friendly leather processes based on the usage of natural products have become a potentially attractive issue for leather industry during the last few decades. Synthetic protective chemicals like bactericides used in most soaking process are known as hazardous substances and cause tannery effluents with high concentrations of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). In the present study, the effect of tannic acid on microorganisms, skin, wool and effluent were investigated in order to demonstrate the applicability of tannic acid in soaking process instead of commonly used bactericides. The bacterial load (cfu/ml), COD and Nitrogen Content (N) of the soaking effluents and Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) content of skins and wools were investigated. Application of 0.5 and 1 wt% tannic acid concentrations was more effective than commercial bactericide, while comparable results were achieved by 0.1 and 0.3 wt% tannic acid. The application of tannic acid for soaking process resulted in lower COD and N values of effluents. The results show that tannic acid has the potential to be an alternative, eco-friendly bactericide for leather industry by reducing the pollution of leather soaking process.

scholarly journals Multi-Scale Analysis of the Dependence of Water Quality on Land Use Using Linear and Mixed Models

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2618
Author(s):  
Johann Alexander Vera Mercado ◽  
Bernard Engel
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite ◽  
Kjeldahl Nitrogen

Land use influences water quality in streams at different spatial scales and varies in time and space. Water quality has long been associated with agricultural and urban land uses in catchments. The effects of developed, forest, pasture, and agricultural land use on nitrogen, nitrate, and nitrite (NNN); total phosphorus (TP); total suspended solids (TSS); chemical oxygen demand (COD); dissolved oxygen (DO) and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) concentrations and their sensitivity were quantified to spatial pattern differences. The linear mixed modeling framework was used to examine the importance of spatial extent on models with water quality parameters as the response variable and land use types as the predictor variable. The results indicated that land use categories on different water quality parameters were significant and dependent on the selected spatial scales. Land use exhibited a strong association with total phosphorus and total suspended solids for close reach distances. Phosphorus is not highly soluble, and it binds strongly to fine soil particles, which are transported by water via runoff. Nitrogen, nitrate, and nitrite, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, and total Kjeldahl nitrogen concentrations were better predicted for further reach distances, such as 45 or 50 km, where the best model of nitrogen, nitrate, and nitrite is consistent with the high mobility of NO3−.

Analysis of trends in water quality: constructed wetlands in metropolitan Taipei

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 2143-2150 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.-Y. Cheng ◽  
T.-C. Liu ◽  
G.-S. Shyu ◽  
T.-K. Chang ◽  
W.-T. Fang
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Base Flow ◽  
Riparian Wetlands ◽  
Mann Kendall Test ◽  
Improve Water Quality

Meandering through the most densely populated metropolitan areas of Taipei, Taiwan, the Danshui River and its tributaries have undergone the construction of 14 wetlands since 2004, as a means to improve water quality. This study was conducted to examine the functional capabilities associated with treating non-point source pollution through these riparian wetlands. Trend analysis was used to differentiate dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, ammonia, and Escherichia coli, among 13 sampling sites using both functions of a Mann–Kendall test and a seasonal Mann–Kendall test. The results show that water quality in Taipei metropolitan rivers has been improving since increasing the number of constructed wetlands and connecting households to the public sewage system. The concentration of pollutants such as those influencing biochemical oxygen demand have gradually declined in drought seasons because riparian wetlands contribute a base flow to dilute riverine pollutants. This paper indicates that the creation of treatment systems influences dissolved oxygen conditions at the municipal scale, suggesting that constructed wetlands could stabilize water quality during extreme hydrological events and improve water quality particularly in times of drought.

scholarly journals Bioremediation of Parboiled Rice Effluent Supplemented with Biodiesel-Derived Glycerol UsingPichia pastorisX-33

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Gil de los Santos ◽  
Carlos Gil Turnes ◽  
Fabricio Rochedo Conceição
Keyword(s):  
Pichia Pastoris ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen ◽  
Parboiled Rice ◽  
Kjeldahl Nitrogen ◽  
Biodiesel Industry

This paper describes the use ofPichia pastorisX-33 as a bioremediator to reduce the chemical oxygen demand (COD), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and phosphorus (P-), after culture in parboiled rice effluent supplemented with p.a. glycerol or a glycerol by-product of the biodiesel industry. The greatest reduction in the COD (55%), TKN (45%), and P- (52%) of the effluent was observed in cultures ofP. pastorisX-33 supplemented with 15 g ·L−1of biodiesel-derived glycerol. Furthermore, the overall biomass yield was 2.1 g ·L−1. These data suggest that biodiesel-derived glycerol is an efficient carbon source for the bioremediation of parboiled rice effluent and biomass production.

scholarly journals Nutrient Level of a Young Tropical Hydroelectric Dam Reservoir in Sarawak, Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teck Yee Ling ◽  
Norliza Gerunsin ◽  
Chen Lin Soo ◽  
Nyanti Lee ◽  
Siong Fong Sim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Nutrient Level ◽  
Dam Construction ◽  
Hydroelectric Reservoir ◽  
Nitrite Nitrogen ◽  
Hydroelectric Dam ◽  
Kjeldahl Nitrogen

Monitoring the nutrient level of a reservoir is crucial as excess nutrients can lead to hypoxia and fish kills in the reservoir. Hence, this study was carried out to examine the nutrient level of the Bakun reservoir, which is a newly built hydroelectric reservoir in Sarawak, Malaysia. Water samples were taken at five stations in the reservoir at three different depths (surface layer, 10 m, and 20 m) in November 2013. The present study demonstrated that Bakun reservoir contained low nitrite-nitrogen (≈ 0.005 mg/L) and nitrate-nitrogen (≈ 0.005 mg/L) concentrations but high five-day biochemical oxygen demand (≈ 4.73 mg/L) and organic Kjeldahl nitrogen (≈ 0.16 mg/L) concentrations indicating that organic pollution occurred in the reservoir. On the other hand, a mean total phosphorus concentration of 98.3 μg/L in the Bakun reservoir complied with the 200 μg/L standard value of Class II according to National Water Quality Standards in Malaysia. The nutrient level in the Bakun reservoir differed according to sampling stations and depths. Samplings stations located at Murum River downstream of the Murum dam construction site showed peak value of turbidity (182 FNU) and organic Kjeldahl nitrogen (0.45 mg/L) particularly at deeper water column. Batang Balui and Linau River were observed with higher five-day biochemical oxygen demand (> 6 mg/L) compared to other stations. Station near to the Bakun hydroelectric dam contained relatively high nitrite-nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations but low nitrate-nitrogen and organic Kjeldahl nitrogen concentrations. Anthropogenic activities such as floating house and Murum dam construction have influenced the nutrients level in the reservoir. Keywords : Bakun hydroelectric reservoir, dam construction, nitrogen, phosphorus, turbidity

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document