scholarly journals Nutrient Level of a Young Tropical Hydroelectric Dam Reservoir in Sarawak, Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teck Yee Ling ◽  
Norliza Gerunsin ◽  
Chen Lin Soo ◽  
Nyanti Lee ◽  
Siong Fong Sim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Nutrient Level ◽  
Dam Construction ◽  
Hydroelectric Reservoir ◽  
Nitrite Nitrogen ◽  
Hydroelectric Dam ◽  
Kjeldahl Nitrogen

Monitoring the nutrient level of a reservoir is crucial as excess nutrients can lead to hypoxia and fish kills in the reservoir. Hence, this study was carried out to examine the nutrient level of the Bakun reservoir, which is a newly built hydroelectric reservoir in Sarawak, Malaysia. Water samples were taken at five stations in the reservoir at three different depths (surface layer, 10 m, and 20 m) in November 2013. The present study demonstrated that Bakun reservoir contained low nitrite-nitrogen (≈ 0.005 mg/L) and nitrate-nitrogen (≈ 0.005 mg/L) concentrations but high five-day biochemical oxygen demand (≈ 4.73 mg/L) and organic Kjeldahl nitrogen (≈ 0.16 mg/L) concentrations indicating that organic pollution occurred in the reservoir. On the other hand, a mean total phosphorus concentration of 98.3 μg/L in the Bakun reservoir complied with the 200 μg/L standard value of Class II according to National Water Quality Standards in Malaysia. The nutrient level in the Bakun reservoir differed according to sampling stations and depths. Samplings stations located at Murum River downstream of the Murum dam construction site showed peak value of turbidity (182 FNU) and organic Kjeldahl nitrogen (0.45 mg/L) particularly at deeper water column. Batang Balui and Linau River were observed with higher five-day biochemical oxygen demand (> 6 mg/L) compared to other stations. Station near to the Bakun hydroelectric dam contained relatively high nitrite-nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations but low nitrate-nitrogen and organic Kjeldahl nitrogen concentrations. Anthropogenic activities such as floating house and Murum dam construction have influenced the nutrients level in the reservoir. Keywords : Bakun hydroelectric reservoir, dam construction, nitrogen, phosphorus, turbidity

Reed beds: constructed wetlands for municipal wastewater treatment plant sludge dewatering

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S. Begg ◽  
R.L. Lavigne ◽  
P.L.M. Veneman
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Sludge Dewatering ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Reed Beds ◽  
Reed Bed

Reed beds are an alternative technology wastewater treatment system that mimic the biogeochemical processes inherent in natural wetlands. The purpose of this project was to determine the effectiveness of a reed bed sludge treatment system (RBSTS) in southern New England after a six-year period of operation by examining the concentrations of selected metals in the reed bed sludge biomass and by determining the fate of solids and selected nutrients. Parameters assessed in both the reed bed influent and effluent: total suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand, nitrate-nitrogen and total phosphorus. In addition, the following metals were studied in the reed bed influent, effluent and Phragmites plant tissue and the sludge core biomass: boron, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, and zinc. The removal efficiencies for sludge dewatering, total suspended solids and biochemical oxygen demand were all over 90%. Nitrate and total phosphorus removal rates were 90% and 80% respectively. Overall metals removal efficient was 87%. Copper was the only metal in the sludge biomass that exceeded the standards set by the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection for land disposal of sludge. The highest metal concentrations, for the most part, tended to be in the lower tier of the sludge profile. The exception was boron, which was more concentrated in the middle tier of the sludge profile. The data and results presented in this paper support the notion that reed bed sludge treatment systems and the use of reed beds provide an efficient and cost effective alternative for municipal sludge treatment.

Quality Issues Regarding the Watercourses from Middle Basin of Jiu River

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
Daniela Cirtina ◽  
Camelia Capatina
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Quality Issues

The study aims to characterize the quality of surface waters in the middle of the river basin Jiu by monitoring physicochemical indicators of their quality, in 2013-2015. In this regard, the pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) of nitrate (NO3-), nitrite (NO2-), ammonium (NH4+), total phosphorus (Ptotal), chlorides and sulphates from water have been determined. Water of Jiu River and its tributaries of Gorj county have been monitored on representative sections for the evolution of their quality. It was found that the water from natural reservoirs monitored shows an evolution in the limits permitted by the regulations in force except biochemical oxygen demand and nitrites indicators for river Jiu and Tismana and nitrate and chloride content for Gilort River.

scholarly journals Applicability Evaluation of the Hydrological Image and Convolution Neural Network for Prediction of the Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Total Phosphorus Loads in Agricultural Areas

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 529
Author(s):  
Chul Min Song ◽  
Jin Soo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Convolution Neural Network ◽  
Stable Model ◽  
Model Learning ◽  
Load Model

This study employed a convolution neural network (CNN) model, hitherto used only for solving classification problems, with two-dimensional input data to predict the pollution loads and evaluate the CNN model’s applicability. A CNN model generally requires two-dimension input data, such as photographs in previous studies. However, this study’s CNN model necessitates the numerical images that reflect hydrological phenomena due to the nature of the study. A hydrological image was used as the input data for the CNN model in this study to address this issue. The last layer of the CNN model was also transformed into a linear function to derive the continuous variable. As a result, the Pearson correlation coefficient, which represents the relationship between the measured and predicted values, demonstrated a Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) load model of 0.94 and a Total Phosphorus (TP) load model of 0.87. Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency was used to evaluate the model performance; the BOD load model was 0.83, while the TP load model was 0.79, respectively, indicating good performance. These results demonstrate that the hydrological images led to stable model learning and generalization, and the proposed CNN model is suitable for predicting the pollution load, with potential future applications in various fields.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus in alpine lakes in the Sanjiangyuan Region of the Tibetan Plateau

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 396-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-jin Lu ◽  
Jian-huan Si ◽  
Chuan-ying Hou ◽  
Yu-si Li ◽  
Meng-meng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Alpine Lakes ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Sea Star ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrite Nitrogen

To provide a theoretical basis for alpine source lake protection, ten samples were taken from each lake annually from 2012 to 2015. Each year, the various species of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients were measured. The average contents of nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen in the four lakes are 0.195–0.0 mg/L, 0.038–0.143 mg/L, 0.004–0.168 mg/L, 0.006–0.740 mg/L, and 0.050–0.547 mg/L, respectively. The total phosphorus contents in Eling Lake, Longbao Lake and Sea Star were higher than Class I water quality standards, and the total nitrogen contents in Eling Lake, Sea Star and Zhaling Lake were higher than Class I water quality standards as well. The concentration contour maps of the nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, total phosphorus and total nitrogen showed that the indicators of the four lakes in the east, the west, and the center of the lake did not have the same trend. From 2012 to 2015, each of the measured nutrients showed a rising trend year by year. The four lakes are polluted by both endogenous and exogenous pollution, and it is necessary to limit the exogenous pollution and protect the alpine lakes immediately.

Performance evaluation and bacteria analysis of AFB-MFC enriched with high-strength synthetic wastewater

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-sheng Huang ◽  
Yong Guo ◽  
Ping Yang ◽  
Chong-ming Li ◽  
Hui Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Anode Chamber ◽  
Nitrite Nitrogen ◽  
Parvimonas Micra ◽  
Victivallis Vadensis ◽  
16S Rdna Gene Sequencing

In order to study the performance and bacterial communities of an anaerobic fluidized bed microbial fuel cell (AFB-MFC) system, the 16S rDNA gene sequencing was applied, and high-strength synthetic wastewater was treated by the AFB-MFC system. The high-strength synthetic wastewater, in which the concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrite nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen were above 19,000, 2,516–3,871 and 927–1,427 mg/L, was treated by the AFB-MFC system. The removal efficiency of COD, nitrite nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen reached 70–89, 98 and 98%, while the maximum voltage was 394 mV. The bacteria analysis revealed the presence of Alistipes putredinis, Carnobacterium sp., Victivallis vadensis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Thauera sp., Parabacteroides merdae, Parvimonas micra, Parabacteroides sp., and Desulfomicrobium baculatum in the anode chamber. In addition, the Klebsiella pneumoniae was observed to have the capability of organic degradation and electricity generation, while the Thauera sp. has the capability of denitrification.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Characteristics of River Water Downstream of a Large Tropical Hydroelectric Dam

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teck-Yee Ling ◽  
Chen-Lin Soo ◽  
Teresa Lee-Eng Heng ◽  
Lee Nyanti ◽  
Siong-Fong Sim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Total Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Hydroelectric Dam ◽  
Total Ammonia

Water quality in the downstream river of a hydroelectric dam may be affected by the structural design and operation. To date, little is known about the water quality downstream of the largest dam in Malaysia, the Bakun hydroelectric dam. Therefore, the objective of the study was to determine the water quality downstream of the dam when the spillway was closed and when it was opened. Results of the study indicate that the dam plays a significant role in regulating the water quality downstream of it. When the spillway was closed, pH and oxygen were lower in the river where DO was below 5 mg/L. When the spillway was opened, the water quality improved in terms of oxygen content (>8.0 mg/L), total sulphide (TS), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) but deteriorated in terms of five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), and total phosphorus (TP). Additionally, the intensity of the impacts, particularly BOD5, COD, and TAN, shows a declining trend as distance from the dam increases. This study shows that impacts on the water quality extend to a distance of 32 km from the dam particularly turbidity and DO and opening the spillway changes the water quality significantly.

scholarly journals The Use of Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavement to Filter Stormwater for Non-Potable Uses in Buildings

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2045
Author(s):  
Enedir Ghisi ◽  
Thiago Belotto ◽  
Liseane Thives
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Model System ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Concrete Pavement ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Permeable Interlocking Concrete Pavement

A reduction in potable water demand in buildings could be made by using non-potable water for certain uses, such as flushing toilets. This represents a sustainable strategy that results in potable water savings while also using an underutilised resource. This work assesses the use of permeable interlocking concrete pavement to filter stormwater that could be used for non-potable purposes in buildings. Two pavement model systems were tested. One of the model systems presents a filter course layer with coarse sand and the other model system has no filter course layer. In order to evaluate the filtering capacity, the model systems were exposed to rain events. The amount of water infiltrated through the layers was measured to represent the potential quantity available for use. Stormwater runoff samples were collected from a parking lot paved with impermeable interlocked blocks and then, these were tested in both model systems. Water samples were subjected to quality tests according to the parameters recommended by the Brazilian National Water Agency. The model system with no filter course showed filtering capacity higher (88.1%) than the one with a filter course layer (78.8%). The model system with a filter course layer was able to reduce fecal coliforms (54.7%), total suspended solids (62.5%), biochemical oxygen demand (78.8%), and total phosphorus concentrations (55.6%). Biochemical oxygen demand (42.4%) and total phosphorus concentrations (44.4%) increased in the model system with no filter course layer. In conclusion, one can state that the filter course layer used in permeable interlocking concrete pavement can contribute to decreasing pollutants and can improve stormwater quality. The use of permeable interlocking concrete pavement showed to be a potential alternative for filtering stormwater prior to subsequent treatment for non-potable uses in buildings.

scholarly journals Effects of Packing Media and the Insertion of Vegetation on the Performance of Biological Trickling Filters

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1735
Author(s):  
Vinícius Ferreira Martins ◽  
Greicelene Jesus da Silva ◽  
Alisson Carraro Borges
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Trickling Filters ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
The Media ◽  
Kjeldahl Nitrogen ◽  
Selection Of

The use of the plant Chrysopogon zizanioides (vetiver), able to develop under adverse conditions while removing a great number of pollutants, in constructed wetlands (CWs) is widely reported. Regarding the biological trickling filters (BTFs), the selection of the media is one of the most important factors in its performance. We investigated whether the addition of vegetation improves the efficiency of the basic parameters of BTFs with gravel. In addition, due to the properties of light expanded clay aggregate (LECA), we evaluated whether the support media composed of vetiver and LECA is able to increase the media’s oxygenation. The efficiencies were 39, 49, 56, and 49% for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and 27, 20, 12, and 31%, for total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) in BTFLV (vetiver with LECA), BTFL (LECA only), BTFGV (vetiver with gravel) and BTFG (gravel only), respectively. LECA when associated with vetiver may have provided higher aeration of the filter, denoted by the higher nitrate effluent concentration (0.35, against 0.03, 0.06, and 0.10 mg L−1 for BTFL, BTFGV, and BTFG). Vetiver had no improvement on BTFs performance concerning BOD. However, associated with LECA, its use could be viable to remove dissolved forms of nitrogen.

scholarly journals Modelling and Simulation Eutrophication of Water Rivers

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 2912-2916
Author(s):  
Petrica Daniel Toma ◽  
Adriana Tokar ◽  
Mirela Sanda Toropoc
Keyword(s):  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Kinetic Equations ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Nitrite Nitrogen ◽  
Over Time

In this paper presents the mathematical modelling of the flowing river eutrophication process based on model kinetic equations QUAL2E and developed using Scilab-Xcos program. This can be seen graphically by the evolution over time of: algal mass, organic nitrogen, ammonia, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, organic phosphorus, soluble phosphorus, dissolved oxygen concentration and Biochemical oxygen demand for the oxidation of organic substances containing carbon in water of a river, in the case of discharge of a certain wastewater flow untreated, having a certain organic loading.

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