Influence of Chemical Oxygen Demand/Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen Ratio and Sludge Age on Nitrification of Nitrogenous Wastewater

2004 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sharma ◽  
S.K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Kjeldahl Nitrogen

scholarly journals Bioremediation of Parboiled Rice Effluent Supplemented with Biodiesel-Derived Glycerol UsingPichia pastorisX-33

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Gil de los Santos ◽  
Carlos Gil Turnes ◽  
Fabricio Rochedo Conceição
Keyword(s):  
Pichia Pastoris ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen ◽  
Parboiled Rice ◽  
Kjeldahl Nitrogen ◽  
Biodiesel Industry

This paper describes the use ofPichia pastorisX-33 as a bioremediator to reduce the chemical oxygen demand (COD), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and phosphorus (P-), after culture in parboiled rice effluent supplemented with p.a. glycerol or a glycerol by-product of the biodiesel industry. The greatest reduction in the COD (55%), TKN (45%), and P- (52%) of the effluent was observed in cultures ofP. pastorisX-33 supplemented with 15 g ·L−1of biodiesel-derived glycerol. Furthermore, the overall biomass yield was 2.1 g ·L−1. These data suggest that biodiesel-derived glycerol is an efficient carbon source for the bioremediation of parboiled rice effluent and biomass production.

scholarly journals Optimisation of pH, Temperature and Carbon Nitrogen Ratio for the Degradation of m-Chlorophenol by Pseudomonas putida CP1

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANM Fakhruddin ◽  
M Alamgir Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Effective Removal ◽  
Carbon Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Chlorine Substituent ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio

Aromatic pollutants like m-chlorophenol is toxic to the environment and chlorophenol containing a metachlorine are more persistent under aerobic conditions than compounds lacking a chlorine substituent in positions meta to hydroxyl group. Therefore, it should be removed effectively from the environment. In order to increase the degradative activity, the optimum conditions for m-chlorophenol degradation by Pseudomonas putida CP1, some physicochemical conditions like pH, temperature and carbon nitrogen ratio for the growth and degradation of most persistent monochlorophenol, m-chlorophenol by the organism was optimised. The pH optimum for m-chlorophenol degradation by the bacterium was between pH 6.5 and 7.0 and the temperature optimum was 30°C for removal activity. Carbon : nitrogen (C:N) ratio of 3:1 was found best for effective removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and m-chlorophenol by the bacterium. Keywords: m-Chlorophenol degradation, Pseudomonas putida CP1, Chemical oxygen demand (COD)DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v23i2.884  Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 23, Number 2, December 2006, pp 159-161

scholarly journals Eco-Friendly Soaking Process Using Tannic Acid as an Alternative Bactericide

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arife Candaş Adigüzel Zengin ◽  
Selime Menteş Çolak ◽  
Gökhan Zengin ◽  
Eylem Kiliç
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
Tannery Effluents ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Kjeldahl Nitrogen

Abstract Eco-friendly leather processes based on the usage of natural products have become a potentially attractive issue for leather industry during the last few decades. Synthetic protective chemicals like bactericides used in most soaking process are known as hazardous substances and cause tannery effluents with high concentrations of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). In the present study, the effect of tannic acid on microorganisms, skin, wool and effluent were investigated in order to demonstrate the applicability of tannic acid in soaking process instead of commonly used bactericides. The bacterial load (cfu/ml), COD and Nitrogen Content (N) of the soaking effluents and Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) content of skins and wools were investigated. Application of 0.5 and 1 wt% tannic acid concentrations was more effective than commercial bactericide, while comparable results were achieved by 0.1 and 0.3 wt% tannic acid. The application of tannic acid for soaking process resulted in lower COD and N values of effluents. The results show that tannic acid has the potential to be an alternative, eco-friendly bactericide for leather industry by reducing the pollution of leather soaking process.

scholarly journals Multi-Scale Analysis of the Dependence of Water Quality on Land Use Using Linear and Mixed Models

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2618
Author(s):  
Johann Alexander Vera Mercado ◽  
Bernard Engel
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite ◽  
Kjeldahl Nitrogen

Land use influences water quality in streams at different spatial scales and varies in time and space. Water quality has long been associated with agricultural and urban land uses in catchments. The effects of developed, forest, pasture, and agricultural land use on nitrogen, nitrate, and nitrite (NNN); total phosphorus (TP); total suspended solids (TSS); chemical oxygen demand (COD); dissolved oxygen (DO) and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) concentrations and their sensitivity were quantified to spatial pattern differences. The linear mixed modeling framework was used to examine the importance of spatial extent on models with water quality parameters as the response variable and land use types as the predictor variable. The results indicated that land use categories on different water quality parameters were significant and dependent on the selected spatial scales. Land use exhibited a strong association with total phosphorus and total suspended solids for close reach distances. Phosphorus is not highly soluble, and it binds strongly to fine soil particles, which are transported by water via runoff. Nitrogen, nitrate, and nitrite, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, and total Kjeldahl nitrogen concentrations were better predicted for further reach distances, such as 45 or 50 km, where the best model of nitrogen, nitrate, and nitrite is consistent with the high mobility of NO3−.

scholarly journals Sequencing batch reactor process for the removal of nitrogen from anaerobically treated domestic wastewater

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 1581-1590 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Pelaz ◽  
A. Gómez ◽  
A. Letona ◽  
G. Garralón ◽  
M. Fdz-Polanco
Keyword(s):  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Cycle Times ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Kjeldahl Nitrogen

Abstract This work presents the performance of a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system used as a means of removing nitrogen from domestic wastewater containing a low chemical oxygen demand (COD) to nitrogen ratio due to pre-treatment with an anaerobic reactor. The aim of the work was to determine the feasibility of this system for the removal of nitrogen from the domestic wastewater. An SBR with a working volume of 5 L was investigated at different cycle times of 12, 8 and 6 h, at 18 °C. The efficiency of the SBR varied together with the duration of the cycle, where the optimum performance was seen in the 6 h cycle with the anoxic–aerobic–anoxic sequence. Due to the low quantity of organic matter present in the domestic wastewater after the anaerobic treatment, an additional supply of external carbon was necessary before the second anoxic stage. The removal efficiencies obtained were: 98% for total Kjeldahl nitrogen, 84% for total nitrogen and 77% for soluble COD. The reactor was thus shown to be viable, and it was concluded that this process may be successfully applied as a post-treatment for the removal of nitrogen from anaerobically treated domestic wastewater.

Acute toxicity tests on raw leachate from a Malaysian dumping site

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatihah Sujá ◽  
Arij Yusof ◽  
Md. Anuar Osman
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
In Vivo Toxicity ◽  
Dumping Site ◽  
Kjeldahl Nitrogen

Leachate samples collected from the Ampar Tenang open dumping site at Dengkil, Malaysia, were analyzed for acute toxicity. Two in vivo toxicity tests, Acute Oral Toxicity (AOT) and Primary Skin Irritation (PSI), were performed using Sprague Dawley rats and New Zealand Albino rabbits, respectively. The leachate samples were also analyzed chemically for nitrate and phosphate, ammonia-nitrogen, Kjeldahl-nitrogen and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). Results from both the AOT and PSI tests showed that the leachate did not contribute to acute toxicity. The AOT test yielded a negative result: no effect was observed in at least half of the rat population. The PSI test on rabbits produced effects only at a leachate concentration of 100%. However, the skin irritation was minor, and the test returned a negative result. The four chemical tests showed high levels of nutrient pollution in the leachate. The nitrate and phosphate concentrations were 2.1 mg/L and 23.6 mg/L, respectively. Further, the ammonia-nitrogen concentration was 1,000 mg NH3-N/L the Kjeldahl-nitrogen level was 446 mg NH3-N/L, and the Chemical Oxygen Demand was 1,300 mg/L. The in vivo toxicity and chemical analyses showed that the leachate is polluted but not acutely toxic to organisms.

scholarly journals LAB-SCALE STUDY ON CO-DIGESTION OF KITCHEN WASTE, SLUDGE AND SEWAGE

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (2A) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Son Minh Tran
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Kitchen Waste ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Kjeldahl Nitrogen

Anaerobic digestion is widely used for biodegradable solid organic wastes in order to recover bio-energy in the form of biogas. Some previous studies presented that co-digestion of various substrates can improve biogas yields as well as enhanceperformance of organic wastes digestion, in comparison with digestion of sole solid waste. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of anaerobic mono-digestion and anaerobic co-digestion of the following mixtures: (a) sole kitchen waste (KW), (b) KW and sewage (SW), (c) sole sludge (SL)and (d) KW and SL. This study was conductedby four lab-scale anaerobic complete mixing reactors (numbered MH1 – MH4) in 4,5 liters working volume atorganic loading rate (OLR) 2,0 g(VS).L-1.d-1. The KW was collected from canteen B4 and SW was collected from effluent from septic tank C6 Building in Ho Chi Minh University of Technology (HCMUT). The results show that the reactor of sole KW obtained average total chemical oxygen demand (tCOD), soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD), total solid (TS), volatile solid (VS), total phosphorus (TP) and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) of 62 %, 62 %, 71 %, 72 %, 73 % and 45 %, respectively, whereas reactor of KW and SW co-digestion had were tCOD, sCOD, TS, VS, TP and TKN removal of 73 %, 78 %, 75 %, 79 %, 59 % and 57 %, respectively. Thus co-digestion of KW and SW revealed an efficient enhancement of digestion, instead of sole KW digestion. Similarly, TS (74 %) and VS removals (75 %) of co-digesting mixtures of SL and KW were higher than those of sole SL digestion (67 %). Furthermore, co-digestion of SL and KW obtained better performance in tCOD and sCOD removals (70 % and 76 %, respectively).

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