scholarly journals Water Balance of Pit Lake Development in the Equatorial Region

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3106
Author(s):  
Edy Jamal Tuheteru ◽  
Rudy Sayoga Gautama ◽  
Ginting Jalu Kusuma ◽  
Arno Adi Kuntoro ◽  
Kris Pranoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mine ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Equatorial Region ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Pit Lake ◽  
Pit Lakes ◽  
The Future

In recent years, Indonesia has become the largest coal exporter in the world, and most of the coal is being mined by means of open-pit mining. The closure of an open-pit mine will usually leave a pit morphological landform that, in most cases, will be developed into a pit lake. One of the main issues in developing a pit lake is the understanding of the pit lake filling process. This paper discusses the hydrological model in filling the mineout void in a coal mine in Kalimantan which is located close to the equatorial line. The J-void is a mineout coal pit that is 3000 m long and 1000 m wide, with a maximum depth of 145 m. The development of the J-void pit lake after the last load of coal had been mined out experienced a dynamic process, such as backfilling activities with an overburden as well as pumping mine water from the surrounding pits. There are two components in the model, i.e., overland/subsurface and pit area. The overland zone is simulated using the Rainfall-Runoff NRECA Hydrological Model approach to determine the runoff and groundwater components, whereas the pit area is affected by direct rainfall and evaporation. The model is validated with the observation data. The main source of water in the J-void pit lake is rainwater, both from the surrounding catchment area as well as direct rainfall. As this coal mine area is characterized as a multi-pit area and, consequently, several pit lakes will be formed in the future, the result of the hydrological model is very useful in planning the future pit lakes.

scholarly journals Hydrological modelling under climate change considering nonstationarity and seasonal effects

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kue Bum Kim ◽  
Hyun-Han Kwon ◽  
Dawei Han
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Hydrological Modelling ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Climate Condition ◽  
The Future ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model ◽  
Runoff Model

Traditional hydrological modelling assumes that the catchment does not change with time. However, due to changes of climate and catchment conditions, this stationarity assumption may not be valid in the future. It is a challenge to make the hydrological model adaptive to the future climate and catchment conditions. In this study IHACRES, a conceptual rainfall–runoff model, is applied to a catchment in southwest England. Long observation data (1961–2008) are used and seasonal calibration (only the summer) has been done since there are significant seasonal rainfall patterns. Initially, the calibration is based on changing the model parameters with time by adapting the parameters using the step forward and backward selection schemes. However, in the validation, both models do not work well. The problem is that the regression with time is not reliable since the trend may not be in a monotonic linear relationship with time. Therefore, a new scheme is explored. Only one parameter is selected for adjustment while the other parameters are set as the fixed and the regression of one optimised parameter is made not only against time but climate condition. The result shows that this nonstationary model works well both in the calibration and validation periods.

scholarly journals Estimating Release of Trace Elements from an Area with Historical Open Pit Mining of Alum Shale Using Mass Transport and Element/Sulfate Ratios Calculations

Environments ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Kristina Åhlgren ◽  
Viktor Sjöberg ◽  
Mattias Bäckström
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transport ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Metal Release ◽  
Alum Shale ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Western Lake ◽  
Pit Lakes ◽  
Waste Deposit

Alum shale was mined for oil and uranium production in Kvarntorp, Sweden, 1942–1966. Remnants such as pit lakes, exposed shale and a 100-meter-high waste deposit with a hot interior affect the surrounding environment, with elevated concentrations of, e.g., Mo, Ni and U in the recipient. Today most pit lakes are circumneutral while one of the lakes is still acidic. All pit lakes show signs of sulfide weathering with elevated sulfate concentrations. Mass transport calculations show that for elements such as uranium and molybdenum the western lake system (lake Söderhavet in particular) contributes the largest part. For sulfate, the two western lakes contribute with a quarter each, the eastern lake Norrtorpssjön about a third and a serpentine pond system receiving water from the waste deposit contributes around 17%. Except for a few elements (e.g., nickel 35%), the Serpentine system (including the waste deposit area) is not a very pronounced point source for metal release compared to the pit lakes. Estimates about future water runoff when the deposit has cooled down suggest only a slight increase in downstream water flow. There could possibly be first flush effects when previous hot areas have been reached by water.

Prediction into the future: A novel intelligent approach for PM2.5 forecasting in the ambient air of open-pit mining

2021 ◽  
pp. 101084
Author(s):  
Xiang Lu ◽  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Chongchong Qi ◽  
Huaiting Luo ◽  
Dongxu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Air ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
The Future ◽  
Intelligent Approach

scholarly journals GEOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND MODELLING OF AN ACID PIT LAKE FROM A HIGH SULFIDATION ORE DEPOSIT: KIRKI, NE GREECE

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 2417 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Triantafyllidis ◽  
N. Skarpelis
Keyword(s):  
Computer Code ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
Pit Lake ◽  
High Sulfidation ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Geochemical Investigation ◽  
Lake Waters

Open pit mining of a high sulfidation epithermal type deposit at Kirki (Thrace, NE Greece) resulted in the formation of an acid pit lake by infilling of the open cast by rain and drainage waters after mine closure. The acidic and oxidative pit lake waters show high concentrations of trace metals largely due to the high toxic metals content of the ore, the limited buffering capacity of host rocks and the direct exposure of the ore zone to weathering. The floor of the pit lake is covered by a finegrained mineral precipitate that comprises mainly detrital minerals, originating from erosion of the rocks exposed on the walls of the open pit. Secondary anglesite, several species of the jarosite-group, rozenite, melanterite, gypsum, bukovskyite, beaverite, scorodite and minor goethite are also detected. The mineral precipitate presents significant heavy metal content indicating effective removal of metals from the acidic waters. The speciation/mass transfer computer code PHREEQC-2 and the MINTEQ database were employed for geochemical modelling of the equilibrium between the acidic pit lake waters and the secondary phases of the mineral precipitate.

scholarly journals Application of the Iterative Ensemble Smoother Method and Cloud Computing: A Groundwater Modeling Case Study

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Hayley ◽  
Alexis Valenza ◽  
Emma White ◽  
Bruce Hutchison ◽  
Jens Schumacher
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Uncertainty Analysis ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Small Magnitude ◽  
Predictive Uncertainty ◽  
Ensemble Smoother ◽  
Iterative Ensemble Smoother

Numerical groundwater modelling to support mining decisions is often challenging and time consuming. Simulation of open pit mining for model calibration or prediction requires models that include unsaturated flow, large magnitude hydraulic gradients and often require transient simulations with time varying material properties and boundary conditions. This combination of factors typically results in models with long simulation times and/or some level of numerical instability. In modelling practice, long run times and instability can result in reduced effort for predictive uncertainty analysis, and ultimately decrease the value of the decision-support modelling. This study presents an early application of the Iterative Ensemble Smoother (IES) method of calibration-constrained uncertainty analysis to a mining groundwater flow model. The challenges of mining models and uncertainty quantification were addressed using the IES method and facilitated by highly parallelized cloud computing. The project was an open pit mine in South Australia that required predictions of pit water levels and inflow rates to guide the design of a proposed pumped hydro energy storage system. The IES calibration successfully produced 150 model parameter realizations that acceptably reproduced groundwater observations. The flexibility of the IES method allowed for the inclusion of 1493 adjustable parameters and geostatistical realizations of hydraulic conductivity fields to be included in the analysis. Through the geostatistical realizations and IES analysis, alternative conceptual models of fractured rock aquifer orientation and connections could be conditioned to observation data and used for predictive uncertainty analysis. Importantly, the IES method out-performed finite difference methods when model simulations contained small magnitude numerical instabilities.

scholarly journals Study on End-wall Slope Stability of Surface Coal Mine under the Condition of Combined Open-pit Mining with Underground Mining

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Peng Hongge ◽  
Cai Qingxiang ◽  
Zhou Wei ◽  
Shu Jisen
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mine ◽  
Underground Mining ◽  
Surface Mining ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Surface Mine ◽  
Minimum Width ◽  
Surface Coal Mine ◽  
End Wall ◽  
Wall Slope

With the deepening of surface coal mine, the application of combined surface mining with underground mining is increased now. According to the influence analysis of underground mining on surface coal mine end-wall slope, the thin plate model of mined slope was proposed with distortion and stress distribution of the girder studied. Considering the practice of combined surface mining with underground mining, the modified method was put forward. Based on the roof breaking law of mined slope, the minimum width of protecting coal pillar was elicited. Subsequently this paper took the combined mining practice of Anjialing surface mine as example to study the subsidence law of roof and the influence of underground mining to surface mine slope. The research conclusion indicates that under the condition of combined mining the deformation and subsidence of overlying strata are obvious with a clear lag time, and the ceiling distortion evokes distortion of mined slope, which can be used as the theory sustainment to stabilization of mined slope under combined surface mining with underground mining.

scholarly journals Concept and Practice of Open-pit Mining Area Restoration and Reuse --- Taking an Open-pit Coal Mining Area in Datong, Shanxi as an Example

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 02014
Author(s):  
Huang Jiayin ◽  
Hu Baoan ◽  
Tan Xiangjun ◽  
Cheng Jin ◽  
Li Long
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mine ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Coal Mining Area ◽  
Rural Revitalization ◽  
Mining Coal

The restoration of open-pit mining coal mine areas is imminent, and it is of great significance to put forward a set of reasonable restoration concepts. According to the geographical location and economic conditions of the mining areas, this paper combines multiple restoration concepts and measures such as “fundamental reforestation”, “near-natural restoration”, “introduction of agricultural and forestry industries” and “development of cultural tourism in abandoned land” in a scientific way, the combination has been successfully applied in the restoration and comprehensive utilization project in an open-pit coal mine area in Datong, Shanxi, China. This concept realizes the reuse of abandoned open-pit coal mines and closely follows the national strategy of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, in pursuit of the national vision of “clear waters and green mountains are mountains of gold and silver.”

scholarly journals A Model to Evaluate the Flooding Opportunity and Sustainable Use of Former Open-Pits

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9275
Author(s):  
Izabela-Maria Apostu ◽  
Maria Lazar ◽  
Florin Faur
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Mine Closure ◽  
Degraded Land ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Pit Lakes ◽  
Cultural Requirements

As a result of open-pit mining exploitations, impressive size gaps occur in the landscape. Their flooding leads to the occurrence of so-called open-pit lakes and represents an interesting way to reclaim and use sustainably the degraded land. In the literature, there are numerous plans, strategies, and guidelines for mine closure and open-pit recovery, but these are usually developed at the regional or national level and offer general suggestions, which must be evaluated and approached case-by-case. Because there is still no way to evaluate the opportunity of flooding the open-pits, a methodology for assessing this opportunity was developed to identify the open-pits that are suitable for flooding, this being the main objective of the paper. The paper is novel because of the multicriteria evaluation of open-pits and their remaining gaps, the logical succession of the criteria, and the proposed concept, methods, models, and equations that allow a complex assessment of the flooding opportunity. The methodology also aims to ensure maximum safety conditions in the former mining perimeter, the socio-economic and cultural requirements of local communities, the harmonization of the land in accordance with adjacent ecosystems, and the sustainable development of the region.

scholarly journals Preliminary results of investigations related to the ecology of Urdari open-pit lake

2022 ◽  
Vol 354 ◽  
pp. 00060
Author(s):  
Florin Faur ◽  
Izabela-Maria Apostu ◽  
Maria Lazăr
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Pit Lake ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Pit Lakes ◽  
Ecosystem Production ◽  
Ecological Reconstruction

Flooding the remaining gaps of lignite open-pits and the formation of so-called open-pit lakes tends to become an increasingly common practice in Romania (in the Oltenia Mining Basin, where the lignite deposit contained in Dacian and Romanian formations was and is extracted through open-pits). This type of ecological reconstruction of former exploitation areas has been applied worldwide for quite a time, and there are many references in this regard in the scientific literature. In this context, the present paper aims to present some preliminary results regarding the ecology of these lakes, being taken as case study the lake formed in the remaining gap of Urdari open-pit, within the Rovinari Mining Basin. However, given the multitude of similar conditions (bioclimate, geological framework, the formation of the remaining gaps, etc.) in which they form, we appreciate that the conclusions of this study can be extrapolated for other lakes in the area (eg. South Peșteana). We point out from the outset that this study presents data on the existing biotope and biocenoses (restricted to species identification), without going into details about populations, ecosystem production, energy and matter flows within it, these investigations being foreseen for a future development stage of the present study.

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