scholarly journals Highwater Mark Collection after Post Tropical Storm Dorian and Implications for Prince Edward Island, Canada

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3201
Author(s):  
Donald E. Jardine ◽  
Xiuquan Wang ◽  
Adam L. Fenech
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Tropical Storm ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Wave Runup ◽  
Rising Sea Level

Prince Edward Island (PEI), Canada has been experiencing the consequences of a rising sea level and intense storms on its coasts in recent years. The most recent severe event, Post Tropical Storm Dorian (Dorian), began impacting Prince Edward Island on 7 September 2019 and lasted for over 20 h until the morning of 8 September 2019. The measurement of highwater marks (HWM) from the storm was conducted between 25 September and 25 October 2019 using a high precision, survey grade methodology. The HWM measured included vegetation lines, wrack lines, beach, cliff, and dune morphological features, and tide gauge data at 53 locations in the Province along coastal areas that are exposed to high tides, storm surge, high winds, and wave runup. Photos were taken to provide evidence on the nature of the HWM data locations. The data reveal that Dorian caused extensive coastal floods in many areas along the North and South Coast of Prince, Queens and Western Kings Counties of Prince Edward Island. The floods reached elevations in excess of 3.4 m at some locations, posing threats to local infrastructure and causing damage to natural features such as sand dunes in these areas. The HWM data can provide useful information for community and emergency response organizations as plans are developed to cope with the rising sea level and increased frequency of highwater events as predicted by researchers. As Dorian has caused significant damage in several coastal areas in PEI, better planning using an enhanced storm forecasting and coastal flood warning system, in conjunction with flood stage values, could possibly have reduced the impacts of the storm in the impacted areas. This could help enhance public understanding of the potential impacts in local areas and how they can prepare and adapt for these events in the future.

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Assessment of Land Deformation as a Factor Contributing to Relative Sea Level Rise in Coastal Urban and Natural Protected Areas Using Multi-Source Earth Observation Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Elias ◽  
George Benekos ◽  
Theodora Perrou ◽  
Issaak Parcharidis
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Coastal Hazards ◽  
Altimetry Data ◽  
Relative Sea Level ◽  
Land Deformation ◽  
The Impact

The rise in sea level is expected to considerably aggravate the impact of coastal hazards in the coming years. Low-lying coastal urban centers, populated deltas, and coastal protected areas are key societal hotspots of coastal vulnerability in terms of relative sea level change. Land deformation on a local scale can significantly affect estimations, so it is necessary to understand the rhythm and spatial distribution of potential land subsidence/uplift in coastal areas. The present study deals with the determination of the relative vertical rates of the land deformation and the sea-surface height by using multi-source Earth observation—synthetic aperture radar (SAR), global navigation satellite system (GNSS), tide gauge, and altimetry data. To this end, the multi-temporal SAR interferometry (MT-InSAR) technique was used in order to exploit the most recent Copernicus Sentinel-1 data. The products were set to a reference frame by using GNSS measurements and were combined with a re-analysis model assimilating satellite altimetry data, obtained by the Copernicus Marine Service. Additional GNSS and tide gauge observations have been used for validation purposes. The proposed methodological approach has been implemented in three pilot cases: the city of Alexandroupolis in the Evros Delta region, the coastal zone of Thermaic Gulf, and the coastal area of Killini, Araxos (Patras Gulf) in the northwestern Peloponnese, which are Greek coastal areas with special characteristics. The present research provides localized relative sea-level estimations for the three case studies. Their variation is high, ranging from values close to zero, i.e., from 5–10 cm and 30 cm in 50 years for urban areas to values of 50–60 cm in 50 years for rural areas, close to the coast. The results of this research work can contribute to the effective management of coastal areas in the framework of adaptation and mitigation strategies attributed to climate change. Scaling up the proposed methodology to a continental level is required in order to overcome the existing lack of proper assessment of the relevant hazard in Europe.

LEVEL VARIABILITY OF THE SEA OF OKHOTSK COASTAL AREAS AT THE BEGINING OF THE 21ST CENTURY AND ITS REPRESENTATIONIN THE GLOBAL REANALYSIS DATABASES

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-424
Author(s):  
Aleksandr KHOLOPTSEV ◽  
Sergey PODPORIN
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Sea Of Okhotsk ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Satellite Monitoring ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
The Sea Of Okhotsk

The paper aims to investigate basic features of modern long-term variations of the Okhotsk Sea level in its coastal areas and establish feasibility of certain retrospective analysis databases usage for determination of mean rates of the above processes. The reanalysis databases considered include Global Ocean Physics Reanalysis GLORYS12v.1 by the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service and ICDC-reanalysis supported by the Integrated Climate Data Center, which provide coverage of the sea in question. The raised problem is of significant interest for physiographers, oceanographers and involved in coastal shipping and marine safety in the Sea of Okhotsk. Long-term sea level variations are most accurately monitored by tide gauge stations, which, however, are scarce along the coast of the sea in question. Less accurate and not uniformly available through easier to use and collect data is the satellite monitoring by radar altimeters. Global retrospective analyses based on mathematical modelling are considered to be an effective instrument to assess sea levels at any given time at any point.

scholarly journals An early warning system for wave-driven coastal flooding at Imperial Beach, CA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Merrifield ◽  
Mele Johnson ◽  
R. T. Guza ◽  
Julia W. Fiedler ◽  
Adam P. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Incident Wave ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Model Errors ◽  
Wave Runup ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Beach Morphology ◽  
Wave Forecast

AbstractWaves overtop berms and seawalls along the shoreline of Imperial Beach (IB), CA when energetic winter swell and high tide coincide. These intermittent, few-hour long events flood low-lying areas and pose a growing inundation risk as sea levels rise. To support city flood response and management, an IB flood warning system was developed. Total water level (TWL) forecasts combine predictions of tides and sea-level anomalies with wave runup estimates based on incident wave forecasts and the nonlinear wave model SWASH. In contrast to widely used empirical runup formulas that rely on significant wave height and peak period, and use only a foreshore slope for bathymetry, the SWASH model incorporates spectral incident wave forcing and uses the cross-shore depth profile. TWL forecasts using a SWASH emulator demonstrate skill several days in advance. Observations set TWL thresholds for minor and moderate flooding. The specific wave and water level conditions that lead to flooding, and key contributors to TWL uncertainty, are identified. TWL forecast skill is reduced by errors in the incident wave forecast and the one-dimensional runup model, and lack of information of variable beach morphology (e.g., protective sand berms can erode during storms). Model errors are largest for the most extreme events. Without mitigation, projected sea-level rise will substantially increase the duration and severity of street flooding. Application of the warning system approach to other locations requires incident wave hindcasts and forecasts, numerical simulation of the runup associated with local storms and beach morphology, and model calibration with flood observations.

scholarly journals GPS-controlled tide gauges in Indonesia – a German contribution to Indonesia's Tsunami Early Warning System

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 731-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Schöne ◽  
J. Illigner ◽  
P. Manurung ◽  
C. Subarya ◽  
C. Zech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Tide Gauges ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Tsunami Early Warning ◽  
Gauge Systems

Abstract. Coastal tide gauges do not only play a central role in the study of climate-related sea level changes but also in tsunami warning systems. Over the past five years, ten GPS-controlled tide gauge systems have been installed by the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ) in Indonesia to assist the development of the Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System (InaTEWS). These stations are mainly installed at the Indonesian coastline facing the Indian Ocean. The tide gauge systems deliver information about the instantaneous sea level, vertical control information through GPS, and meteorological observations. A tidal analysis at the station's computer allows the detection of rapid changes in the local sea level ("sea level events"/SLE), thus indicating, for example, the arrival time of tsunamis. The technical implementation, communication issues, the operation and the sea level event detection algorithm, and some results from recent earthquakes and tsunamis are described in this paper.

scholarly journals VARIATION AND TREND OF SEA LEVEL DERIVED FROM ALTIMETRY SATELLITE AND TIDE GAUGE IN CILACAP AND BENOA COASTAL AREAS

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Amelius Andi Mansawan ◽  
Jonson Lumban Gaol ◽  
James P. Panjaitan
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Satellite Altimetry ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Satellite Altimetry Data

Observation of sea levels continuously is very important in order to adapt the disasters in the coastal areas. Conventionally observations of sea level using tide gauge, but the number of tide gauge installed along the coast of Indonesia is still limited. Altimetry satellite data is one solution; therefore it is necessary to assess the potential and accuracy of altimetry satellite data to complement the sea level data from tide gauges. The study was conducted in the coastal waters of Cilacap and Bali by analysis data Envisat satellite altimetry for period 2003 to 2010 and data compiled from a variety of satellite altimetry from 2006 to 2014. Data tidal was used as a comparison of altimetry satellite data. The altimetry satellite data in Cilacap and Benoa waters more than 90% could be used to assess the variation and the sea level rise during the period 2003-2010. The rate of sea level rise both the data of tidal and satellite altimetry data indicates the same rate was 3.5 mm/year in Cilacap. in Benoa are 4.7 mm/year and 5.60 mm/year respectively.

scholarly journals New Features of the rivershore: climate change and new relations between town and water

2020 ◽  
pp. 174-182
Author(s):  
Alessandra Casu ◽  
Jlenia Zaccagna
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Tagus River ◽  
Rising Sea Level

Climate scenarios show that Mediterranean areas will be affected by torrential patterns of rain, that can cause difficulties in urban life in coastal areas, mainly due to the draining systems and to the sea-level. Lisbon is on the estuary of Tagus river, which would be probably affected by run-off and by the forecasted rising sea-level. Redesigning its relationship with water, trying to make this urban area more resilient, becomes crucial and asks to study run-off and sea-level rise for 2100 and for intermediate steps, to adapt the urban life and its spaces to the occurring scenarios.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impacts of Rising Sea Level on Coastal Morpho-Dynamics with Automated High-Frequency Shoreline Mapping Using Multi-Sensor Optical Satellites

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3587
Author(s):  
Naheem Adebisi ◽  
Abdul-Lateef Balogun ◽  
Masoud Mahdianpari ◽  
Teh Hee Min
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Data Sampling ◽  
Shoreline Displacement ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rising Sea Level

Rising sea level is generally assumed and widely reported to be the significant driver of coastal erosion of most low-lying sandy beaches globally. However, there is limited data-driven evidence of this relationship due to the challenges in quantifying shoreline dynamics at the same temporal scale as sea-level records. Using a Google Earth Engine (GEE)-enabled Python toolkit, this study conducted shoreline dynamic analysis using high-frequency data sampling to analyze the impact of sea-level rise on the Malaysian coastline between 1993 and 2019. Instantaneous shorelines were extracted from a test site on Teluk Nipah Island and 21 tide gauge sites from the combined Landsat 5–8 and Sentinel 2 images using an automated shoreline-detection method, which was based on supervised image classification and sub-pixel border segmentation. The results indicated that rising sea level is contributing to shoreline erosion in the study area, but is not the only driver of shoreline displacement. The impacts of high population density, anthropogenic activities, and longshore sediment transportation on shoreline displacement were observed in some of the beaches. The conclusions of this study highlight that the synergistic use of multi-sensor remote-sensing data improves temporal resolution of shoreline detection, removes short-term variability, and reduces uncertainties in satellite-derived shoreline analysis compared to the low-frequency sampling approach.

scholarly journals Will Florida be saved?

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-260
Author(s):  
Robert G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Tipping Point ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Glacial Ice ◽  
Rising Sea Level

The state of Florida is typical of all the low-lying densely populated coastal areas around the world that are threatened by present and future rising sea level. These coastal areas will become destructively flooded by sea level rise due to melting of the world's glacial ice if fossil fuel consumption and resulting global warming are not strongly limited. Efforts to achieve this limitation in a timely way might not be successful because of cultural inertia, opposition by vested interests, and the difficulties in developing alternative sources of renewable energy on a large scale. However, the rising sea level could be reversed to a more rapidly falling sea level at least temporarily if a previously unrecognized tipping point in the changing climate is reached in coming decades. This tipping point is the onset of rapid new glacial ice sheet growth in northeastern Canada, Greenland, and the Barents Sea. The cause would be an order of magnitude increase in regional precipitation. Much evidence for that event is found in the geological records of the initiation of the last ice age 120,000yrs ago. The precursors for a similar future event are in place and are identified in modern oceanic records. These precursors include the increasing salinity of the Mediterranean Sea and the observed increasing penetration of the Spitsbergen-Atlantic Current into the polar ocean, which suggests that the tipping point may be reached before the end of this century. If so, the flooding may occur on only a small scale. However if so, a sharp 500yr cooling would be expected in eastern Canada and northern Europe, and greenhouse warming elsewhere would continue unless fossil fuel usage is reduced. This paper supports the suggestion by Giff Miller and Anne de Vernal in a 1992 letter to Nature that global warming and an ice age may occur simultaneously.

scholarly journals The development and implementation of a real-time meteotsunami warning network for the Adriatic Sea

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Šepić ◽  
I. Vilibić
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Pressure Oscillations ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Sea Level Oscillations

Abstract. The Adriatic Sea meteotsunami research and warning network is described. The network is located in the middle Adriatic, an area where the most destructive of the Adriatic meteotsunamis (destructive tsunami-like sea level oscillations generated by air pressure oscillations) occur. The network consists of three microbarograph meteorological stations, and is supplemented by four permanent tide-gauge stations. The two strongest air pressure disturbances, detected in almost a year and a half of measurements, are examined in more detail and used to test functionality and applicability of the network. Both of these disturbances had a meteotsunami favourable velocity, however, only one generated a meteotsunami. It is discussed why this happened and additional information on creating a meteotsunami warning system are obtained. Methods to construct a simple low-cost meteotsunami warning network are given.

scholarly journals COASTAL ADAPTATION UNDER SEA LEVEL RISE: PROTOTYPE SCALE MEASUREMENT AND MODELLING OF A DYNAMIC REVETMENT

2018 ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Paul Bayle ◽  
Chris Blenkinsopp ◽  
Gerd Masselink ◽  
Daniel Conley
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Wave Runup ◽  
Coastal Adaptation ◽  
New Information ◽  
Laboratory Flume ◽  
The Face ◽  
Rising Sea Level

A dynamic revetment is a gravel ridge constructed around the wave runup limit to mimic composite beaches which consist of a lower foreshore of sand and a backshore ridge constructed of gravel or cobbles which stabilises the upper beach and provides overtopping protection to the hinterland. These structures contrast with static coastal defence structures as they are “dynamic” and are expected to reshape under wave attack. The performance and resilience of a dynamic revetment under sea level rise (SLR) for a range of wave conditions was studied in a large scale laboratory flume. This work provided new information about the application of such structures for coastal protection in the face of a rising sea level.

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