scholarly journals Will Florida be saved?

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-260
Author(s):  
Robert G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Tipping Point ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Glacial Ice ◽  
Rising Sea Level

The state of Florida is typical of all the low-lying densely populated coastal areas around the world that are threatened by present and future rising sea level. These coastal areas will become destructively flooded by sea level rise due to melting of the world's glacial ice if fossil fuel consumption and resulting global warming are not strongly limited. Efforts to achieve this limitation in a timely way might not be successful because of cultural inertia, opposition by vested interests, and the difficulties in developing alternative sources of renewable energy on a large scale. However, the rising sea level could be reversed to a more rapidly falling sea level at least temporarily if a previously unrecognized tipping point in the changing climate is reached in coming decades. This tipping point is the onset of rapid new glacial ice sheet growth in northeastern Canada, Greenland, and the Barents Sea. The cause would be an order of magnitude increase in regional precipitation. Much evidence for that event is found in the geological records of the initiation of the last ice age 120,000yrs ago. The precursors for a similar future event are in place and are identified in modern oceanic records. These precursors include the increasing salinity of the Mediterranean Sea and the observed increasing penetration of the Spitsbergen-Atlantic Current into the polar ocean, which suggests that the tipping point may be reached before the end of this century. If so, the flooding may occur on only a small scale. However if so, a sharp 500yr cooling would be expected in eastern Canada and northern Europe, and greenhouse warming elsewhere would continue unless fossil fuel usage is reduced. This paper supports the suggestion by Giff Miller and Anne de Vernal in a 1992 letter to Nature that global warming and an ice age may occur simultaneously.

scholarly journals Gas Hydrate Formation and Dissipation Histories in the Northern Margin of Canada: Beaufort-Mackenzie and the Sverdrup Basins

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Majorowicz ◽  
Kirk Osadetz ◽  
Jan Safanda
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Beaufort Sea ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Pressure Effects ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Glacial Ice ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Gas Hydrate Formation

Gas hydrates (GHs) are a prominent subsurface feature on the Canadian Arctic continental margin. They occur both onshore and offshore, although they formed generally terrestrially, during the last glacial sea level low-stand, both in a region that was persistently glaciated (Queen Elizabeth Islands Group, Canadian Arctic Archipelago (QEIG)), and in a region that was not persistently glaciated (Mackenzie Delta-Beaufort Sea (MD-BS)). Parts of both regions were transgressed in the Holocene. We study the dynamic permafrost and GH history in both regions using a numerical model to illustrate how changes in setting and environment, especially periodic glacial ice cover, affected GH stability. MD-BS models represent the Mallik wellsite and these models successfully match current permafrost and GH bases observed in the well-studied Mallik wells. The MD-BS models show clearly that GHs have persisted through interglacial episodes. Lower surface temperatures in the more northerly QEIG result in an earlier appearance of GH stability that persists through glacial-interglacial intervals, although the base of GH base stability varies up to 0.2 km during the 100 ka cycles. Because of the persistent glacial ice cover QEIG models illustrate pressure effects attributed to regional ice sheet loading on the bases of both permafrost and GHs since 0.9 MYBP. QEIG model permafrost and GH depths are 572 m and 1072 m, respectively, which is like that observed commonly on well logs in the QEIG. In order to match the observed GH bases in the QEIG it is necessary to introduce ice buildup and thaw gradually during the glacials and interglacials. QEIG sea level rose 100–120 m about 10 ka ago following the most recent glaciation. Shorelines have risen subsequently due to isostatic glacial unloading. Detailed recent history modeling in QEIG coastal regions, where surface temperatures have changed from near zero in the offshore to −20°C in the onshore setting results in a model GH stability base, that is, <0.5 km. These coastal model results are significantly shallower than the inferred average GH base about 1 km in wells, Smith and Judge (1993). QEIG interisland channels are generally shallow and much of the previous shoreline inundated by the Holocene transgression was above the glacial sea level low-stand during the last ice age, resulting in a QEIG setting somewhat analogous to the relict terrestrial GH now transgressed by the shallow Beaufort Sea. It is also possible that the marine conditions were present at emergent shorelines for a shorter time or that the pretransgression subsurface temperatures persisted or were influenced by coastal settings, especially where lateral effects may not be well represented by 1D models.

scholarly journals PERENCANAAN PENGELOLAAN WILAYAH PESISIR PULAU JAWA DITINJAU DARI ASPEK KERENTANAN KAWASAN DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP KEMUNGKINAN BENCANA KENAIKAN MUKA LAUT

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Harkinz Prabowo ◽  
Prijantono Astjario
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Slope Beach ◽  
The Impact

Dampak pemanasan global, yaitu berupa kenaikan muka laut dengan kecepatan 2-8 mm/tahun yang tampaknya lambat dan tidak berarti, akan tetapi dalam 100 tahun mendatang kenaikan muka laut tersebut mampu untuk menggenangi kawasan pesisir P. Jawa yang memiliki morfologi pantai yang landai dan bersudut lereng kecil. Kenaikan muka laut merupakan bencana alam yang lambat dan bisa diprediksi, namun dengan sifat yang demikian justru manusia cenderung lupa segera menanganinya. Oleh karena itu, untuk mengantisipasi kemungkinan terjadinya bencana, serta mengurangi bahkan memperkecil dampak negatif risiko bencana tersebut, perlu memasukan komponen manajemen risiko bencana alam (risk management of natural disaster) di dalam penyusunan tata ruang wilayah (RTRW). Kata kunci: kenaikan muka laut, manajemen risiko bencana alam, Pulau Jawa, pesisir The impact of global warming, in the form of sea level rise by the rate 2-8 mm/year which seems slow and insignificant, but in the next 100 years sea level rise are can inundate coastal areas of Java which has a low slope beach morphology and small slope angles. Sea-level rise is a natural disaster that slow and predictable, but the nature of such people tend to forget it immediately. Therefore, to anticipate disasters and reduce or even minimize the negative impact of disaster risks, it is need to include components of risk management of natural disaster in the preparation of the spatial planning. Keywords: sealevel rise, risk management of natural disaster, Java, coastal

scholarly journals ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (9SE) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
AbidaShamim Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Severe Weather ◽  
Environmental Threat ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
The World ◽  
Rising Sea Level

The whole world is on the terrifying cross-roads of global environmental threat. Last several years, particularly the last two years dominated the headlines about the serious threat climate change posed to the world. The more frequent severe weather conditions which result from climate change or global warming in the form of storms, tornadoes, tsunamis, floods, droughts, rising sea level and such other catastrophes have raised the economic cost of the natural disasters. The result, it appears, is beyond our control and, perhaps, there is no immediate answer to it.

GLOBAL WARMING AND CLIMATE CHANGE AND SPORTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Shamshad Akhtar ◽  
Muhammad Rafique Dhanani
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
United Nations Environment Programme ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Average Temperature

Climate change is not the new phenomenon. The palaeo-climatic studies reveal that during the Pleistocene and Holocene periods several warm and cold periods occurred, resulted change of sea level and change in climatic processes like rise and fall of global average temperature and rainfall. The last medieval warm period was observed from 950 to 1350 AD, followed by the little Ice Age from 1400 to 1900 AD. Occurrence of these climatic changes and their impacts are considered due to natural processes that are geological and astronomical. In 1970s environmentalists and some climate scientists pointed that earth’s average temperature is rising linked with the anthropogenic causes of global warming and emission of carbon dioxide through fossil fuels. In late 1980s the problem was discussed in politics and media. To examine and monitor the global rise of temperature and its impacts due to the emission of carbon dioxide an organization of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was created in 1988 by United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). The IPCC released several reports based upon anthropogenic causes of climate change and their impacts. According to IPCC, 2007 report on climate change during the last 100 years the earth’s average temperature has increased up to 0.6 degree Celsius and if emission of greenhouse gases particularly carbon dioxide continues to rise, global temperature will rise up to 5.8 degrees Celsius by the end of 2100 AD. Similarly as a result of this threat of global warming, glaciers will disappear even from Antarctica and Arctic sea will open for navigation throughout the year. Many islands and coastal cities will submerge as a result of sea level rise. In 2004 Canadian Broadcasting T.V presented a documentary with the name “ The doomsday called off” in which leading climate scientists, astrophysicist and geophysicist presented evidences that science of global warming presented by IPCC scientists is incomplete and incorrect based upon computer models and stimulations which are deliberately exaggerated. Many climate scientists have shown disassociation with the IPCC views and speculations on the basis of its doubtful manipulated and exaggerated figures of global warming and some consider it a climate scam. Since then debate between UN pro man-made global warming scientists and anti-man-made global warming climate scientists continue.

scholarly journals New Features of the rivershore: climate change and new relations between town and water

2020 ◽  
pp. 174-182
Author(s):  
Alessandra Casu ◽  
Jlenia Zaccagna
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Tagus River ◽  
Rising Sea Level

Climate scenarios show that Mediterranean areas will be affected by torrential patterns of rain, that can cause difficulties in urban life in coastal areas, mainly due to the draining systems and to the sea-level. Lisbon is on the estuary of Tagus river, which would be probably affected by run-off and by the forecasted rising sea-level. Redesigning its relationship with water, trying to make this urban area more resilient, becomes crucial and asks to study run-off and sea-level rise for 2100 and for intermediate steps, to adapt the urban life and its spaces to the occurring scenarios.

scholarly journals Prediction and Allocation of EDP Based on Gray Model and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jinhe Zhou ◽  
Anlai Wang ◽  
Xiangyuan Su ◽  
Caiya Zhang ◽  
Xusheng Kang
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Gray Model ◽  
Selection Mechanism ◽  
Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation Method

Global warming is accelerating the sea level to rise, which increases the risk of major coastal areas being submerged. Then, the residents may become environmentally displaced persons (EDP). A method of prediction and allocation of EDP is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the gray model is used to predict sea level and the amount of EDP. Then, the evaluation criterion for the responsibility ability of the EDP migration target countries is given based on the entropy and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. In addition, a two-way selection mechanism for EDP is constructed. Finally, the amounts of EDP for the next 10 years are predicted, and the allocation plan in 2030 is made by applying the proposed method.

The Rising Seas

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-86
Author(s):  
Jorge Daniel Taillant
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Relative Influence ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Snowball Earth ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Glacier Melt ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
The Impact

This chapter focuses on the impacts of glacier melt on our oceans and related sea level rise. It discusses past and present sea levels and the relative influence of the ice age cycles. The chapter also reviews risks posed now to life on Earth due to glacier melt and related sea level rise, considering these in relation to ongoing and new flooding impacting coastal areas. It goes on to discuss the theories of Hot House Earth and Snowball Earth, the likelihood of these scenarios being realized, and the impact of high levels of CO2 concentrations on the likelihood of either eventuality.

scholarly journals Highwater Mark Collection after Post Tropical Storm Dorian and Implications for Prince Edward Island, Canada

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3201
Author(s):  
Donald E. Jardine ◽  
Xiuquan Wang ◽  
Adam L. Fenech
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Tropical Storm ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Wave Runup ◽  
Rising Sea Level

Prince Edward Island (PEI), Canada has been experiencing the consequences of a rising sea level and intense storms on its coasts in recent years. The most recent severe event, Post Tropical Storm Dorian (Dorian), began impacting Prince Edward Island on 7 September 2019 and lasted for over 20 h until the morning of 8 September 2019. The measurement of highwater marks (HWM) from the storm was conducted between 25 September and 25 October 2019 using a high precision, survey grade methodology. The HWM measured included vegetation lines, wrack lines, beach, cliff, and dune morphological features, and tide gauge data at 53 locations in the Province along coastal areas that are exposed to high tides, storm surge, high winds, and wave runup. Photos were taken to provide evidence on the nature of the HWM data locations. The data reveal that Dorian caused extensive coastal floods in many areas along the North and South Coast of Prince, Queens and Western Kings Counties of Prince Edward Island. The floods reached elevations in excess of 3.4 m at some locations, posing threats to local infrastructure and causing damage to natural features such as sand dunes in these areas. The HWM data can provide useful information for community and emergency response organizations as plans are developed to cope with the rising sea level and increased frequency of highwater events as predicted by researchers. As Dorian has caused significant damage in several coastal areas in PEI, better planning using an enhanced storm forecasting and coastal flood warning system, in conjunction with flood stage values, could possibly have reduced the impacts of the storm in the impacted areas. This could help enhance public understanding of the potential impacts in local areas and how they can prepare and adapt for these events in the future.

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