Using Dual Isotopes and a Bayesian Isotope Mixing Model to Evaluate Nitrate Sources of Surface Water in a Drinking Water Source Watershed, East China

Abstract Chronic Kidney Disease of uncertain etiology (CKDu) is a fatal disease that causes death from kidney failure due to unknown risk factors and has already affected more than 400,000 people in the rural agricultural landscape (dry zone) of Sri Lanka. The major drinking source in Sri Lanka is groundwater and it is suspected that the pollution of groundwater sources due to agricultural means has a major impact on CKDu. The primary objective of this study is to determine whether rainwater can be used as an alternative safe drinking water source in Girandurukotte area, Sri Lanka, which is known to be an area endemic for CKDu. The physical, chemical, and biological analyses were performed to compare the water quality parameters of three water sources (groundwater, surface water, and rainwater) for Girandurukotte area. The most common storage tanks in polyethylene (PE) and ferrocement (FC) were compared to assess the influence of the material of rainwater tank on water quality. The results showed that there is a significant difference in rainwater in terms of water quality compared to groundwater and surface water. Rainwater in FC and PE tanks showed significant differences (p < 0.05) for some parameters however, they were still within accepted potable drinking water standards.

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Quality of Ground and Surface Water of Rajshahi City Area for Sustainable Drinking Water Source

Journal of Scientific Research ◽

10.3329/jsr.v2i3.4093 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 577 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. T. Rasul ◽

M. S. Jahan

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Surface Water ◽

Ground Water ◽

River Water ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Water Source ◽

Total Coliform ◽

Drinking Water Source ◽

City Area ◽

Rajshahi City

An investigation was carried out to assess the water qualities and extents of impurities in groundwater and surface water (Padma river water) in Rajshahi City area. Water samples from a total of 330 tube wells and five spots of the river Padma were analysed for physicochemical, biological and hydrological parameters with standard methods. Among all considered parameters of ground water, concentrations of arsenic, iron, manganese, total hardness, and total coliform and faecal coliform bacteria were found above the permissible limits for potable water. In case of the river Padma, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total coliform, faecal coliform and suspended solids exceeded permissible limits. Both ground and river water must be treated properly before distribution for drinking purpose. Finally, the Padma is recommended as the most sustainable drinking water source for Rajshahi City Corporation area. Keywords: Rajshahi City; Ground water; Surface water; Quality control. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i3.4093 J. Sci. Res. 2 (3), 579-586 (2010)

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Contribution of nitrate sources in surface water in multiple land use areas by combining isotopes and a Bayesian isotope mixing model

Applied Geochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.apgeochem.2018.03.014 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 93 ◽

pp. 10-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Zanfang Jin ◽

Qi Zheng ◽

Chenyang Zhu ◽

Yan Wang ◽

Jiarong Cen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Surface Water ◽

Mixing Model ◽

Nitrate Sources ◽

Multiple Land Use ◽

Bayesian Isotope Mixing Model

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Outbreak of giardiasis associated with a community drinking-water source

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268809990744 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 138 (4) ◽

pp. 491-500 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

E. R. DALY ◽

S. J. ROY ◽

D. D. BLANEY ◽

J. S. MANNING ◽

V. R. HILL ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Surface Water ◽

Tap Water ◽

Water Source ◽

Drinking Water Source ◽

Well Placement ◽

Water Filter ◽

The Usa ◽

Local Water ◽

Drinking Water Samples

SUMMARYGiardiasis is a common waterborne gastrointestinal illness. In 2007, a community giardiasis outbreak occurred in New Hampshire, USA. We conducted a cohort study to identify risk factors for giardiasis, and stool and environmental samples were analysed. Consuming tap water was significantly associated with illness (risk ratio 4·7, 95% confidence interval 1·5–14·4). Drinking-water samples were coliform-contaminated and a suspectGiardiacyst was identified in a home water filter. One well was coliform-contaminated, and testing indicated that it was potentially under the influence of surface water. The well was located 12·5 m from aGiardia-contaminated brook, although the genotype differed from clinical specimens. Local water regulations require well placement at least 15 m from surface water. This outbreak, which caused illness in 31 persons, represents the largest community drinking-water-associated giardiasis outbreak in the USA in 10 years. Adherence to well placement regulations might have prevented this outbreak.

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