scholarly journals Quality of Ground and Surface Water of Rajshahi City Area for Sustainable Drinking Water Source

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 577 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Rasul ◽  
M. S. Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
City Area ◽  
Rajshahi City

An investigation was carried out to assess the water qualities and extents of impurities in groundwater and surface water (Padma river water) in Rajshahi City area. Water samples from a total of 330 tube wells and five spots of the river Padma were analysed for physicochemical, biological and hydrological parameters with standard methods. Among all considered parameters of ground water, concentrations of arsenic, iron, manganese, total hardness, and total coliform and faecal coliform bacteria were found above the permissible limits for potable water. In case of the river Padma, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total coliform, faecal coliform and suspended solids exceeded permissible limits. Both ground and river water must be treated properly before distribution for drinking purpose. Finally, the Padma is recommended as the most sustainable drinking water source for Rajshahi City Corporation area. Keywords: Rajshahi City; Ground water; Surface water; Quality control. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i3.4093                 J. Sci. Res. 2 (3), 579-586 (2010) 

scholarly journals Rainwater as an alternative drinking water source for the Chronic Kidney Disease Of Uncertain etiology (CKDu) prone areas: a case study for Girandurukotte, Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-548
Author(s):  
V. M. Jayasooriya ◽  
V. M. M. Perera ◽  
S. Muthukumaran
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Uncertain Etiology

Abstract Chronic Kidney Disease of uncertain etiology (CKDu) is a fatal disease that causes death from kidney failure due to unknown risk factors and has already affected more than 400,000 people in the rural agricultural landscape (dry zone) of Sri Lanka. The major drinking source in Sri Lanka is groundwater and it is suspected that the pollution of groundwater sources due to agricultural means has a major impact on CKDu. The primary objective of this study is to determine whether rainwater can be used as an alternative safe drinking water source in Girandurukotte area, Sri Lanka, which is known to be an area endemic for CKDu. The physical, chemical, and biological analyses were performed to compare the water quality parameters of three water sources (groundwater, surface water, and rainwater) for Girandurukotte area. The most common storage tanks in polyethylene (PE) and ferrocement (FC) were compared to assess the influence of the material of rainwater tank on water quality. The results showed that there is a significant difference in rainwater in terms of water quality compared to groundwater and surface water. Rainwater in FC and PE tanks showed significant differences (p < 0.05) for some parameters however, they were still within accepted potable drinking water standards.

Outbreak of giardiasis associated with a community drinking-water source

2009 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. DALY ◽  
S. J. ROY ◽  
D. D. BLANEY ◽  
J. S. MANNING ◽  
V. R. HILL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Well Placement ◽  
Water Filter ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

SUMMARYGiardiasis is a common waterborne gastrointestinal illness. In 2007, a community giardiasis outbreak occurred in New Hampshire, USA. We conducted a cohort study to identify risk factors for giardiasis, and stool and environmental samples were analysed. Consuming tap water was significantly associated with illness (risk ratio 4·7, 95% confidence interval 1·5–14·4). Drinking-water samples were coliform-contaminated and a suspectGiardiacyst was identified in a home water filter. One well was coliform-contaminated, and testing indicated that it was potentially under the influence of surface water. The well was located 12·5 m from aGiardia-contaminated brook, although the genotype differed from clinical specimens. Local water regulations require well placement at least 15 m from surface water. This outbreak, which caused illness in 31 persons, represents the largest community drinking-water-associated giardiasis outbreak in the USA in 10 years. Adherence to well placement regulations might have prevented this outbreak.

Exploration of Relationships between Phytoplankton Biomass and Related Environmental Variables in a Eutrophic Shallow Lake

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 194-200
Author(s):  
Lan Qi ◽  
Ya Zhangya ◽  
Jin Hui Huang
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Phytoplankton Biomass ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Positive Relationships ◽  
Eutrophic Lakes ◽  
Seasonal Periodicity ◽  
Phytoplankton Variability

As the only drinking water source of Tianjin, Yuqiao reservoir had experienced several algae blooms in recent years, which had adversely impacted on the safety of drinking water supply and reservoir management. In this article, the relationship between phytoplankton biomass and related environmental variables has been evaluated in inter-annual and seasonal scale using factor analysis and liner regression method base on the monthly monitoring data covering the period of 2004-2009. The results indicate that water temperature and total phosphorus (TP) played governing roles in phytoplankton biomass in most seasons (i.e. temperature in winter and summer; TP in autumn); COD (chemical oxygen demand) presented significant positive relationships with phytoplankton biomass in autumn and BOD (biological oxygen demand) shows opposite trend with it. However, a complex interplay was found between phytoplankton biomass and nitrogen considering significant positive relationships occurring between them in spring and autumn. The results indicate that interactions between phytoplankton biomass and related environmental variables are highly sensitive to seasonal periodicity, which improves understanding of different roles of biotic and abiotic variables upon phytoplankton variability, and hence, advances management methods for eutrophic lakes.

scholarly journals Environmental risk factors for bacteriological contamination in rural drinking water wells in Samson Cree Nation

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
Fraser Mah ◽  
Travis Hnidan ◽  
Evan Davies ◽  
Ania Ulrich
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Water Wells ◽  
Bacteriological Contamination

Bacteriological contamination of drinking water wells poses a challenge to many rural areas of First Nations communities in Alberta that rely on wells as the primary drinking water source for large proportions of their populations. Here we reviewed available historical data for the Samson Cree Nation near Maskwacis, Alberta (formerly Hobbema), to identify linkages between various environmental and historical factors and the risk of contamination by Escherichia coli and total coliform bacteria. Increased bacterial counts were found to be associated with a peak in total precipitation and surface water flow following a two to four month lag period. Wells installed by contractors operating at an earlier period in time were also found to be at greater risk than more recent installations. These findings can be used to better characterize the risk of contamination, which will assist in tailoring remedial actions to address chronic or recurring bacteriological presence in wells.

scholarly journals Water Quality Analysis of Drinking Water Resource Lake Sapanca and Suggestions for the Solution of the Pollution Problem in the Context of Sustainable Environment Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3917
Author(s):  
Muhammed Ernur Akıner ◽  
İlknur Akıner
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Mathematical Representation ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Rapid Urbanization

Lake Sapanca is the drinking water source of the Sakarya province of Turkey. Intensive urbanization in the region is the main obstacle to implementing appropriate physical planning and measures to adapt to rapid change. The monitoring of the water quality parameters in the planning and management of the lakes is significant. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN), a mathematical representation of the human brain’s functioning, was employed to estimate the Lake’s Dissolved Oxygen (DO) concentration. pH, Magnesium (Mg), Temperature (Temp), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Orthophosphate (o-PO4), Nitrite Nitrogen (NO2-N), and Nitrate Nitrogen (NO3-N) were used as independent parameters. The successful ANN model gives better results compared to the traditional multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis. The developed model can be used for forecast purposes to complete the missing data in the future and support the decision process for pollution reduction through sustainable environmental management. The eutrophication threat for Lake Sapanca has been revealed. The main objective is to create the scientific infrastructure that will draw attention to the rapid urbanization problem with ANN and eutrophication models’ outputs. It has been understood that the protection of the water budget of Lake Sapanca is the primary solution method in terms of ecological sustainability to eliminate the existing pollution.

scholarly journals Where's the pump? Associating sporadic enteric disease with drinking water using a geographic information system, in British Columbia, Canada, 1996–2005

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 692-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasha Uhlmann ◽  
Eleni Galanis ◽  
Tim Takaro ◽  
Sunny Mak ◽  
Larry Gustafson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Information System ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Enteric Disease

We investigated whether risk of sporadic enteric disease differs by drinking water source and type using surveillance data and a geographic information system. We performed a cross-sectional analysis, at the individual level, that compared reported cases of enteric disease with drinking water source (surface or ground water) and type (municipal or private). We mapped 814 cases of campylobacteriosis, cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis, salmonellosis and verotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection, in a region of British Columbia, Canada, from 1996 to 2005, and determined the water source and type for each case's residence. Over the 10-year period, the risk of disease was 5.2 times higher for individuals living on land parcels serviced by private wells and 2.3 times higher for individuals living on land parcels serviced by the municipal surface/ground water mixed system, than the municipal ground water system. Rates of sporadic enteric disease potentially differ by drinking water source and type. Geographic information system technology and surveillance data are accessible to local public health authorities and used together are an efficient and affordable way to assess the role of drinking water in sporadic enteric disease.

scholarly journals Considering Alternate Pathways of Drinking-Water Contamination: Evidence of Risk Substitution from Arsenic Mitigation Programs in Rural Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5372
Author(s):  
Varun Goel ◽  
Griffin J. Bell ◽  
Sumati Sridhar ◽  
Md. Sirajul Islam ◽  
Md. Yunus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Drinking Water Contamination ◽  
Rural Bangladesh ◽  
Storage Containers

Deep tubewells are a key component of arsenic mitigation programs in rural Bangladesh. Compared to widely prevalent shallow tubewells, deep tubewells reduce ground-water arsenic exposure and provide better microbial water quality at source. However, the benefits of clean drinking-water at these more distant sources may be abated by higher levels of microbial contamination at point-of-use. One such potential pathway is the use of contaminated surface water for washing drinking-water storage containers. The aim of this study is to compare the prevalence of surface water use for washing drinking-water storage containers among deep and shallow tubewell users in a cohort of 499 rural residents in Matlab, Bangladesh. We employ a multi-level logistic regression model to measure the effect of tubewell type and ownership status on the odds of washing storage containers with surface water. Results show that deep tubewell users who do not own their drinking-water tubewell, have 6.53 times the odds [95% CI: 3.56, 12.00] of using surface water for cleaning storage containers compared to shallow tubewell users, who own their drinking-water source. Even deep tubewell users who own a private well within walking distance have 2.53 [95% CI: 1.36, 4.71] times the odds of using surface water compared to their shallow tubewell counterparts. These results highlight the need for interventions to limit risk substitution, particularly the increased use of contaminated surface water when access to drinking water is reduced. Increasing ownership of and proximity to deep tubewells, although crucial, is insufficient to achieve equity in safe drinking-water access across rural Bangladesh.

Probing the mechanisms of NOM chlorination using fluorescence: formation of disinfection by-products in Alento River water

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fabbricino ◽  
G.V. Korshin
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Emission Band ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Haloacetic Acids ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
By Products

Experiments with Alento River water (a drinking water source in the province of Salerno, Italy) showed that considerable amounts of disinfection by-products, primarily chloroform and haloacetic acids, form in that water upon chlorination. The total yield of haloacetic acids was almost twice as high as that of chloroform. Chlorination also caused significant changes in the intensity of NOM fluorescence and the position of the emission band. To quantify the latter, the wavelength that corresponds to the position of the emission band at its half-intensity (λ0.5) was employed. Chlorination caused the λ0.5 values to decrease, while the THMs and HAAs concentrations were linearly correlated with the corresponding λ0.5 values. The strength of correlations between DBP concentrations and λ0.5 values indicates that the latter parameter can be employed in studies of DBP formation in drinking water.

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