scholarly journals A Comparative Review of Alternative Fuels for the Maritime Sector: Economic, Technology, and Policy Challenges for Clean Energy Implementation

World ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-481
Author(s):  
Yifan Wang ◽  
Laurence A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Emissions Reductions ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Comparative Review

Global maritime transportation is responsible for around 3% of total anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and significant proportions of SOx, NOx, and PM emissions. Considering the predicted growth in shipping volumes to 2050, greenhouse gas emissions from ships must be cut by 75–85% per ton-mile to meet Paris Agreement goals. This study reviews the potential of a range of alternative fuels for decarbonisation in maritime. A systematic literature review and information synthesis method was applied to evaluate fuel characteristics, production pathways, utilization technologies, energy efficiency, lifecycle environmental performance, economic viability, and current applicable policies. Alternative fuels are essential to decarbonisation in international shipping. However, findings suggest there is no single route to deliver the required greenhouse gas emissions reductions. Emissions reductions vary widely depending on the production pathways of the fuel. Alternative fuels utilising a carbon-intensive production pathway will not provide decarbonisation, instead shifting emissions elsewhere in the supply chain. Ultimately, a system-wide perspective to creating an effective policy framework is required in order to promote the adoption of alternative propulsion technologies.

Characterizing non-box trailer activity and aerodynamic devices for greenhouse gas emissions reductions

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 102763
Author(s):  
Luciana M.B. Ventura ◽  
Yu (Jade) Jiang ◽  
Kanok Boriboonsomsin ◽  
George Scora ◽  
Kent Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Emissions Reductions ◽  
Gas Emissions

scholarly journals Estimation of the Non-Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory from Ships in the Port of Incheon

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 8231
Author(s):  
Hyangsook Lee ◽  
Dongjoo Park ◽  
Sangho Choo ◽  
Hoang T. Pham
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Emissions Inventory ◽  
Management Platform ◽  
General Cargo

Nowadays, maritime air pollution is regarded as a severe threat to coastal communities’ health. Therefore, many policies to reduce air pollution have been established worldwide. Moreover, there has been a shift in policy and research attention from greenhouse gases, especially CO2, to other air pollutants. To address the current local environmental challenges, this research analyzes the non-greenhouse gas emissions inventory (CO, NOx, SOx, PM, VOC, and NH3) from ships in the second biggest port in Korea, the Port of Incheon (POI). A bottom-up activity-based methodology with real-time vessel activity data produced by the Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) is applied to obtain reliable estimations. NOx and SOx dominated the amount of emission emitted from ships. Tankers, general cargo ships, cruise ships, and container ships were identified as the highest sources of pollution. Based on the above results, this study discusses the need for long-term policies, such as the designation of a local emission control area (ECA) and the establishment of an emission management platform to reduce ship-source emissions. Furthermore, this study elucidates that significant emissions come from the docking process, ranging from 33.9% to 42.0% depending on the type of pollutant when only the auxiliary engines were being operated. Therefore, short-term solutions like applying exhausted gas cleaning systems, using on-shore power supplies, reducing docking time, or using greener alternative fuels (e.g., liquefied natural gas or biofuels) should be applied and motivated at the POI. These timely results could be useful for air quality management decision-making processes for local port operators and public agencies.

scholarly journals General Equilibrium Impacts of a Federal Clean Energy Standard

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence H. Goulder ◽  
Marc A. C. Hafstead ◽  
Roberton C. Williams
Keyword(s):  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Emissions Reductions ◽  
Conventional Form ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Factor Markets

Economists have tended to view emissions pricing (e.g., cap and trade or a carbon tax) as the most cost-effective approach to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This paper offers a different view. Employing analytical and numerically solved general equilibrium models, it provides plausible conditions under which a more conventional form of regulation—namely, the use of a clean energy standard (CES)—is more cost-effective. The models reveal that the CES distorts factor markets less because it is a smaller implicit tax on factors of production. This advantage more than offsets the disadvantages of the CES when minor emissions reductions are involved. (JEL H23, Q42, Q48, Q54, Q58)

An assessment of greenhouse gas emissions-weighted clean energy standards

Energy Policy ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 122-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makena Coffman ◽  
James P. Griffin ◽  
Paul Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Gas Emissions
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document