Invasion of salmonids in the Puna and Southern Chilean Altiplano: patterns and threats to the biodiversity

ABSTRACTThis research analyzes the differences in health in terms of belonging to a native Chilean ethnic group in the region of Arica and Parinacota. This is one of the first investigations in Chile and South America that analyze this dimension in the aging process. This is a quantitative and cross-sectional study. The sample consists of 493 Chilean elderly living in the far north of Chile. The application of the questionnaire was conducted through personal interviews. The study was conducted in urban and rural areas, including villages in the Chilean Altiplano. Scales internationally recognized geriatric research to measure the presence of symptoms of impaired health, dependence and depression were applied. The results of data analysis showed statistically significant differences in depression and health in terms of ethnic belonging, establishing a disadvantage for the elderly Indians. The findings confirm the heterogeneity of the aging process and the importance of the cultural aspects through belonged to a native ethnic group. For the field of social sciences this study confirms the need for gerontological contextualized interventions that positively discriminate against groups at riskRESUMENEsta investigación analiza las diferencias en salud en función de la pertenencia a una etnia originaria chilena en la región de Arica y Parinacota. Se trata de unas de las primeras investigaciones en Chile y en Sudamérica que analizan esta dimensión en el proceso de envejecimiento. Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo y transversal. La muestra está conformada por 493 personas mayores chilenas que residen en el extremo norte de Chile. La aplicación del cuestionario se realizó a través de entrevista personal. El estudio fue realizado en zona urbana y zonas rurales, incluyendo poblados del altiplano chileno. Se aplicaron escalas internacionalmente reconocidas en la investigación geriátrica para medir la presencia de síntomas de deterioro en salud, dependencia y depresión. Los resultados obtenidos en el análisis de datos muestran diferencias estadísticamente significativas en depresión y salud en función de la pertenecía étnica, estableciendo una desventaja para las personas mayores indígenas. Los hallazgos confirman la heterogeneidad del proceso de envejecimiento y la relevancia de los aspectos culturales a través de la pertenecía a una etnia originaria. Para el campo de las ciencias sociales este estudio confirma la necesidad de realizar intervenciones gerontológicas contextualizadas que discriminen positivamente a los grupos en riesgo social.

Download Full-text

Genomic Variation and Arsenic Tolerance Emerged as Niche Specific Adaptations by Different Exiguobacterium Strains Isolated From the Extreme Salar de Huasco Environment in Chilean – Altiplano

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2020.01632 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Juan Castro-Severyn ◽

Coral Pardo-Esté ◽

Katterinne N. Mendez ◽

Naiyulin Morales ◽

Sebastián L. Marquez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genomic Variation ◽

Arsenic Tolerance ◽

Chilean Altiplano

Download Full-text

Microbial Activity Response to Solar Radiation across Contrasting Environmental Conditions in Salar de Huasco, Northern Chilean Altiplano

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2016.01857 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Klaudia L. Hernández ◽

Beatriz Yannicelli ◽

Lasse M. Olsen ◽

Cristina Dorador ◽

Eduardo J. Menschel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Microbial Activity ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Activity Response ◽

Chilean Altiplano

Download Full-text

Prokaryotic diversity pattern in high-altitude ecosystems of the Chilean Altiplano

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres ◽

10.1029/2008jg000836 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 115 (G2) ◽

pp. n/a-n/a ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Cecilia Demergasso ◽

Cristina Dorador ◽

Daniela Meneses ◽

Jenny Blamey ◽

Nathalie Cabrol ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Altitude ◽

Diversity Pattern ◽

Prokaryotic Diversity ◽

Chilean Altiplano

Download Full-text

On the species identities of a complex Liolaemus fauna from the Altiplano and Atacama Desert: insights on Liolaemus stolzmanni, L. reichei, L. jamesi pachecoi, and L. poconchilensis (Squamata: Liolaemidae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.2809.1.2 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2809 (1) ◽

pp. 20 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

ROBERTO LANGSTROTH P.

Keyword(s):

Adaptive Radiation ◽

Atacama Desert ◽

Sequence Divergence ◽

South American ◽

Morphometric Data ◽

Mtdna Sequence ◽

Complex Adaptive ◽

Chilean Altiplano ◽

Taxonomic Confusion ◽

Intense Research

The South American lizard genus Liolaemus has undergone a complex adaptive radiation that has resulted in the evolution of more than 200 species widely spread in an extraordinary diversity of environments, and forming a complex array of assemblages. This evolutionary complexity has puzzled systematists and taxonomists since the first species were described more than 150 years ago. Within this lineage, the Andean Liolaemus faunas have proven to be a major challenge for herpetologists. Therefore, intense research is needed in this area to clarify long-standing problems. After more than a century of taxonomic confusion, the identity of Liolaemus stolzmanni (Steindachner, 1891) is here restored as the name that must be applied to the lizards widely known as Phrynosaura (= Liolaemus) reichei Werner, 1907 from the low to midelevation deserts of Tarapacá, Chile. Since 1966, the name L. stolzmanni has been erroneously assigned to populations of Liolaemus from the high Andes of the Chile-Bolivia borderlands which, according to observations presented in this study, correspond to Liolaemus pachecoi Laurent, 1995. A lectotype and allotype for L. stolzmanni are designated and the type locality for L. stolzmanni (= L. reichei) is emended to “Deserts of Iquique, Tarapacá Region, Chile”. Furthermore, the recognition of L. pachecoi as a species distinct from L. jamesi is supported by mtDNA sequence divergence data despite the inconclusive meristic and morphometric data. In summary, I conclude that (i) the Chilean L. reichei is a synonym of L. stolzmanni, and hence, that L. stolzmanni is a species endemic to Chile, not an element of the fauna of present-day Peru and that (ii) the Chilean Altiplano populations currently recognized as L. stolzmanni are L. pachecoi, a species hitherto known only from Bolivia. Also, I report the first confirmed specimens of L. poconchilensis from Peru, a species previously known only from Chile and confused with L. reichei.

Download Full-text

Crustacean zooplankton assemblages in Algerian saline lakes: a comparison with their Chilean Altiplano counterparts

Crustaceana ◽

10.1163/15685403-00003581 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 89 (13) ◽

pp. 1485-1500

Author(s):

Patricio De los Ríos-Escalante ◽

Mounia Amarouayache

Keyword(s):

Saline Lakes ◽

Arid Regions ◽

Calanoid Copepod ◽

Null Model ◽

Inverse Correlation ◽

Crustacean Zooplankton ◽

Species Number ◽

Significant Inverse Correlation ◽

The World ◽

Chilean Altiplano

Crustacean communities in saline lakes are regulated mainly by salinity, and a significant inverse correlation can be found between salinity and species richness. The aim of the present study is to compare the carcinological diversity of two distinct arid regions of the world: Algerian saline lakes, locally called “chotts” and “sebkhas”, and their Chilean Altiplano counterparts, and to determine if there are similar regulator patterns that influence the composition of those communities. The main halophilic taxon common to both regions was the anostracan Artemia at high salinities. However, many other halotolerant crustaceans may occur in Algerian chotts and sebkhas, such as Phallocryptus spinosa, Branchinectella media, Moina salina, Cletocamptus retrogressus, Arctodiaptomus salinus and Heterocypris sp. In Chilean saline lakes the calanoid copepod Boeckella poopoensis was an important component of zooplankton at high salinities, while ostracods were totally absent. The results of correlation analysis revealed a significant inverse correlation between salinity and species number (Algeria, , , p-value = 0.0032; Chile, , ; p-value < 0.0165). The results of null model analysis describing species co-occurrence showed that the species communities are random for Algerian saline lakes due to the presence of many halotolerant species. For Chilean saline lakes, the species communities are structured.

Download Full-text