scholarly journals Portable transparent indenter instrumentation for material surface characterization

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio A. Noriega
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Transparent Indenter

scholarly journals Phosphate recovery from animal manure wastewater by struvite crystallization and CO2 degasification reactor

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
Ci Fang ◽  
Rongfeng Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Recovery Ratio ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Phosphate Recovery ◽  
Modeling Calculation ◽  
P Recovery ◽  
Struvite Crystallization ◽  
Magnesium Addition

Abstract The problem of phosphorus discharge is related to environmental protection and food security. Struvite crystallization is a useful technology for phosphate recovery from wastewater. In the research, struvite crystallization process with CO2 degasification continuous U-shape reactor (CUSR) was application for phosphate recovery from animal manure wastewater. The result indicated PO43--P recovery ratio could achieve 47-53% without magnesium addition when CUSR hydraulic retention time controlled at 60 min. With extra magnesium addition, PO43--P recovery ratio could significant achieve 80-86% at magnesium addition amount 57.5 mg/dm3. PHREEQC modeling predictions trend of struvite crystallization was close to CUSR experimental results. The modeling calculation can provide a theoretical guide for operational parameters design. For seeding technology, high phosphate recovery efficiency was obtained and preformed struvite was the most effective seeding material. Surface characterization analysis demonstrated the dominant composition of chemical solids was struvite. Water extraction analysis indicated chemical solids recovery from animal manure wastewater could release PO43--P slowly and be available as slow-release fertilizer.

scholarly journals Femtosecond Laser Nano/Micro Textured Ti6Al4V Surfaces—Effect on Wetting and MG-63 Cell Adhesion

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Schnell ◽  
Susanne Staehlke ◽  
Ulrike Duenow ◽  
J. Barbara Nebe ◽  
Hermann Seitz
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Cellular Adhesion ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Structured Surfaces

Nano- and microstructured titanium surfaces have recently attracted attention in the field of regenerative medicine because of the influence which surface characteristics such as roughness and wettability can have on cellular processes. This study focuses on the correlation of surface properties (wettability and nano/micro texture) of laser-structured Ti6Al4V samples with pronounced cell adhesion. Samples were structured with multiple laser parameters in order to create a range of surface properties. Surface characterization was performed by contact angle measurements 1 and 7 days after laser processing. The arithmetic mean roughness of the material surface in an area (Sa) was determined by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Immediately after wettability tests of the laser-structured surfaces, in vitro experiments with human MG-63 osteoblasts were carried out. For this purpose, the cell morphology and actin cytoskeleton organization were analyzed using CLSM and scanning electron microscopy. On rough microstructures with deep cavities, the cell growth and spreading were inhibited. An improved cellular adhesion and growth on nanostructured and sinusoidal microstructured surfaces could be demonstrated, regardless of hydrophilicity of the surfaces.

Laser Heterodyne Measurement of Photothermal Displacement for Material Surface Characterization

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasilka Pencheva ◽  
Stoyan Penchev ◽  
Vasilii Naboko ◽  
Todor Donchev ◽  
Svetoslav Kolev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Laser Heterodyne

scholarly journals Material Surface Characterization Using Laws Descriptors

2011 ◽  
pp. 0071-0072
Author(s):  
Sir Alexci Suarez Castillon ◽  
Joaquin Barreiro ◽  
Enrique Alegre ◽  
Maria Teresa Garcia Ordas ◽  
Oscar Garcia-Olalla
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Material Surface

Application of Biochar for Phosphate Adsorption and Recovery from Wastewater

2013 ◽  
Vol 750-752 ◽  
pp. 1389-1392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Zhang ◽  
Ci Fang ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
Rong Feng Jiang ◽  
Hai Yu Nie
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Phosphate Adsorption ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Application Analysis ◽  
Adsorption Amount ◽  
Interfering Ions

Biochar is environmental friendly materials that can be used for environmental protection. In the research, the application of biochar for phosphate adsorption and recovery from wastewater was examined. The material surface characterization analysis, include Transmission Electron Microscope with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, was performed to characterize the prepared biochar. The application analysis, include optimal solution pH and interfering ions effect, was performed for phosphate adsorption and recovery from wastewater. The research conclusions were drawn as follow: (1) material surface characterization demonstrated the prepared biochar was coarse, unshaped, irregular, and contained a great deal of carbon; (2) application analysis indicated biochar adsorption amount for phosphate was decrease with an increase in solution pH, and biochar adsorption amount for phosphate was also decrease with an increase in interfering ions concentration.

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

Suppression of γ’ Precipitation in a Laser-Melted Nickel-Base Alloy

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 270-271
Author(s):  
J. M. Walsh ◽  
J. C. Whittles ◽  
B. H. Kear ◽  
E. M. Breinan
Keyword(s):  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Intimate Contact ◽  
Absorbed Power ◽  
Perfect Contact ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Rapidly Solidified ◽  
Limiting Case ◽  
The Heat Transfer Coefficient

Conventionally cast γ’ precipitation hardened nickel-base superalloys possess well-defined dendritic structures and normally exhibit pronounced segregation. Splat quenched, or rapidly solidified alloys, on the other hand, show little or no evidence for phase decomposition and markedly reduced segregation. In what follows, it is shown that comparable results have been obtained in superalloys processed by the LASERGLAZE™ method.In laser glazing, a sharply focused laser beam is traversed across the material surface at a rate that induces surface localized melting, while avoiding significant surface vaporization. Under these conditions, computations of the average cooling rate can be made with confidence, since intimate contact between the melt and the self-substrate ensures that the heat transfer coefficient is reproducibly constant (h=∞ for perfect contact) in contrast to the variable h characteristic of splat quenching. Results of such computations for pure nickel are presented in Fig. 1, which shows that there is a maximum cooling rate for a given absorbed power density, corresponding to the limiting case in which melt depth approaches zero.

Microstructures of Laser Processed Fe-Cr Surface Alloys

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 328-329
Author(s):  
P. A. Molian ◽  
K. H. Khan ◽  
W. E. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Pure Iron ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Laser Surface ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Constitution Diagram ◽  
Incident Power ◽  
Surface Alloying ◽  
Laser Surface Alloying ◽  
Spot Diameter

In recent years, the effects of chromium on the transformation characteristics of pure iron and the structures produced thereby have been extensively studied as a function of cooling rate. In this paper, we present TEM observations made on specimens of Fe-10% Cr and Fe-20% Cr alloys produced through laser surface alloying process with an estimated cooling rate of 8.8 x 104°C/sec. These two chromium levels were selected in order to study their phase transformation characteristics which are dissimilar in the two cases as predicted by the constitution diagram. Pure iron (C<0.01%, Si<0.01%, Mn<0.01%, S=0.003%, P=0.008%) was electrodeposited with chromium to the thicknesses of 40 and 70μm and then vacuum degassed at 400°F to remove the hydrogen formed during electroplating. Laser surface alloying of chromium into the iron substrate was then performed employing a continuous wave CO2 laser operated at an incident power of 1200 watts. The laser beam, defocussed to a spot diameter of 0.25mm, scanned the material surface at a rate of 30mm/sec, (70 ipm).

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