Physiological significance and needs of schoolchildren for nutrients

2021 ◽  
pp. 132-137
Author(s):  
O.V. Evdokimova ◽  
T.N. Ivanova ◽  
E.A. Alfimova
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Significance

The problems of non-rational nutrition of schoolchildren and the associated consequences are substantiated, the role of individual nutrients in the processes of growth and formation of the child's body is indicated, the norms of the physiological need for basic nutrients, vitamins and minerals for schoolchildren of different age categories are provided, and the ways of solving the problem are suggested.

The Control of Emergence and Metabolism by External Osmotic Pressure and the Role of Free Glycerol in Developing Cysts of Artemia Salina

1964 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-892
Author(s):  
JAMES S. CLEGG
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Physiological Significance ◽  
Free Glycerol ◽  
Measured Effect ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Lines Of Evidence ◽  
Onset Rate

1. The effects of external osmotic pressure on the rates of development and emergence, respiration, and on changes in glycogen, glycerol, and trehalose concentrations have been studied in cysts of Artemia salina. 2. The only measured effect of external osmotic pressures less than 30 atm. on emergence and development is to determine the time required for the embryo to emerge from the cyst. Above this value the onset, rate, and final percent of emergence decrease. No emergence occurs at osmotic pressures greater than about 65 atm. 3. The oxygen consumption decreases with increased osmotic pressure, and is negligible at about 65 atm. 4. Several lines of evidence show that trehalose is the respiratory substrate, that most of the trehalose present in the dormant embryo is converted to glycogen and glycerol during development, and that the direction and extent of these conversions are controlled by the external osmotic pressure. 5. Glycerol appears to be present in at least two distinct locations in the cyst: within the embryo, and between the embryo and shell. Glycerol in the latter location is released into the medium at the time of emergence; the embryonic glycerol is rapidly metabolized after emergence. 6. The physiological significance of glycerol and trehalose in the emergence process is discussed.

On the Role of Magnesium in the Reaction of the Pyruvate Kinase from Salmonella typhimurium

1986 ◽  
Vol 41 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1018-1022
Author(s):  
Concepcion Garcia-Olalla ◽  
Amando Garrido-Pertierra
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Pyruvate Kinase ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Physiological Significance ◽  
Hill Coefficient ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Pyruvate Kinases ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Binding Behaviour

Abstract The kinetics of the two purified forms of pyruvate kinase from Salmonella typhimurium LT-2 were studied in assays at pH 6.8 where the relationships between the initial velocities of the catalysed reactions and Mg2+ are non-hyperbolic. The analysis show that Mg2+ display positive homotropic interactions in their binding behaviour with Hill coefficient values of 2.5 and 1.2 for the form I and II, respectively. The binding sites of the cation to the pyruvate kinases seem to be independent to those for phosphoenolpyruvate and adenosine 5′-diphosphate; changes in the magnesium concentration might be of physiological significance in relation to a rapid regeneration of adenosine 5′-triphosphate by means of the pyruvate kinase reaction.

scholarly journals Hsp90 is a direct target of the anti-allergic drugs disodium cromoglycate and amlexanox

2003 ◽  
Vol 374 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miki OKADA ◽  
Hideaki ITOH ◽  
Takashi HATAKEYAMA ◽  
Hiroshi TOKUMITSU ◽  
Ryoji KOBAYASHI
Keyword(s):  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Heat Shock Protein 90 ◽  
Chaperone Activity ◽  
Physiological Significance ◽  
Disodium Cromoglycate ◽  
Terminal Domain ◽  
C Terminus

Hsp90 (heat-shock protein 90) alone can act to prevent protein aggregation and promote refolding in vitro, but in vivo it operates as a part of a multichaperone complex, which includes Hsp70 and cohort proteins. Since the physiological function of Hsp90 is not yet fully understood, the development of specific antagonists might open new lines of investigation on the role of Hsp90. In an effort to discover Hsp90 antagonists, we screened many drugs and found that the anti-allergic drugs DSCG (disodium cromoglycate) and amlexanox target Hsp90. Both drugs were found to bind directly wild-type Hsp90 via the N- and C-terminal domains. Both drugs strongly suppressed the in vitro chaperone activity of native Hsp90 towards citrate synthase at 1.5–3.0 μM. Amlexanox suppressed C-terminal chaperone activity in vitro, but not N-terminal chaperone activity, and inhibited the association of cohort proteins, such as cyclophilin 40 and Hsp-organizing protein, to the C-terminal domain of Hsp90. These data suggest that amlexanox might disrupt the multichaperone complex, including Hsp70 and cohort proteins, both in vitro and in vivo. Although DSCG inhibited the in vitro chaperone activity of the N-terminal domain, the drug had no effect either on the C-terminal chaperone activity or on the association of the cohort proteins with the C-terminus of Hsp90. The physiological significance of these interactions in vivo remains to be investigated further, but undoubtedly must be taken into account when considering the pharmacology of anti-allergic drugs. DSCG and amlexanox may serve as useful tools for evaluating the physiological significance of Hsp90.

scholarly journals The Role of GSH in Intracellular Iron Trafficking

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1278
Author(s):  
Robert Hider ◽  
Mayra Vera Aviles ◽  
Yu-Lin Chen ◽  
Gladys Oluyemisi Latunde-Dada
Keyword(s):  
Ternary Complexes ◽  
Physiological Significance ◽  
Intracellular Iron ◽  
Kidney Physiology ◽  
Iron Trafficking ◽  
Binding Capability ◽  
Iron Pool

Evidence is reviewed for the role of glutathione in providing a ligand for the cytosolic iron pool. The possibility of histidine and carnosine forming ternary complexes with iron(II)glutathione is discussed and the physiological significance of these interactions considered. The role of carnosine in muscle, brain, and kidney physiology is far from established and evidence is presented that the iron(II)-binding capability of carnosine relates to this role.

scholarly journals Physiological role of the interaction between CARMIL1 and capping protein

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (19) ◽  
pp. 3047-3055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Edwards ◽  
Yun Liang ◽  
Taekyung Kim ◽  
John A. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Physiological Significance ◽  
Actin Assembly ◽  
Capping Protein ◽  
And Control ◽  
In Cells

The regulation of free barbed ends is central to the control of dynamic actin assembly and actin-based motility in cells. Capping protein (CP) is known to regulate barbed ends and control actin assembly in cells. The CARMIL family of proteins can bind and inhibit CP in vitro, but the physiological significance of the interaction of CARMIL with CP in cells is poorly understood. Mammalian cells lacking CARMIL1 have defects in lamellipodia, macropinocytosis, cell migration, and Rac1 activation. Here we investigate the physiological significance of the CARMIL1–CP interaction, using a point mutant with a well-defined biochemical defect. We find that the CARMIL1–CP interaction is essential for the assembly of lamellipodia, the formation of ruffles, and the process of macropinocytosis. In contrast, the interaction of CARMIL1 with CP shows little to no importance for other functions of CARMIL1, including localization of CARMIL1 to the membrane, activation of Rac1, and cell migration. One implication is that lamellipodia are only marginally important for cell migration in a wound-healing model. The results also suggest that the ability of CARMIL1 to inhibit CP in cells may be regulated.

scholarly journals THE UPPER SAVINJA VALLEY STOMACH SAUSAGE – A NARRATIVE OF SPACE, DIET, AND PEOPLE

Traditiones ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-52
Author(s):  
Maja Godina Golija
Keyword(s):  
Meat Product ◽  
Physiological Significance ◽  
Social Differentiation ◽  
The People ◽  
Material Substance ◽  
Ritual Practices

The author discusses the history, methods of production, and use of the Upper Savinja Valley stomach sausage, an excellent dry meat product, which is firmly embedded in economic and ritual practices of the inhabitants of the Savinja Alps. Through the examination of the production, consumption, donation, and promotion of the Upper Savinja Valley stomach sausage, we are acquainted with the lives of the people along the upper reaches of the Savinja River, their connection with food heritage, their values, norms, and social differentiation. The author also aims to answer the question of the role of food beyond its physiological significance and material substance.

THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ANDROGEN-INDUCED OVULATION IN THE HEN

1980 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. CROZE ◽  
R. J. ETCHES
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Physiological Significance ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Induced Ovulation ◽  
Single Comb

The ovulation-inducing property of androgens in the laying hen was investigated. In a first experiment, four different androgens were injected subcutaneously into single-comb White Leghorn hens on the day of the last oviposition of a sequence. The hens were killed 10 h later and examined for the presence of an ovum in the oviduct. Testosterone induced ovulation in accordance to the dose injected (median effective dose, 966 ± 193 μg/hen) but the responses to 5α-dihydrotestosterone and 5α-androstane-3α, 17β-diol were not dose-related. The effect of 4-androstene-3,17-dione was more like that of progesterone since it induced ovulation 2 h earlier than the three other androgens. The physiological significance of the ovulation response to an injection of testosterone was examined in more detail in experiment 2. Seven out of ten hens which were injected with 1 mg testosterone/kg body weight ovulated within 10 h after the injection. Blood samples were taken at hourly intervals and the concentrations of testosterone and progesterone were determined by radioimmunoassay. An injection of testosterone produced an increase in the concentration of testosterone in plasma which was considerably greater and occurred earlier than the preovulatory increase of testosterone in the control birds. The increase in the concentration of progesterone in the hens injected with testosterone was similar in magnitude but occurred earlier than the spontaneous preovulatory increase of progesterone in the control hens. The possible physiological role of testosterone in the ovulation cycle is discussed.

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