Design and Validity of Interactive Multimedia Based on Cognitive Conflict on Static Fluid Using Adobe Animate CC 2019

This study aims to produce valid cognitive conflict-based interactive multimedia. This study uses the Plomp development model, which reports the results of the preliminary study and the prototyping phase. In the preliminary phase, five journals were analyzed and data were collected through teacher questionnaires. In the prototyping phase, multimedia is designed and self-evaluation is carried out and data collection is carried out through expert review questionnaires. The results of the journal analysis show that students' misconceptions about static fluid material are quite high. The results of the questionnaire show that learning is still teacher-centered, and interactive multimedia teaching materials are not yet available that can improve understanding of 4C concepts and skills. Based on the results of the preliminary research, in the prototyping phase, interactive multimedia based on cognitive conflict was designed using the Adobe Animate cc 2019 application. Interactive multimedia was arranged according to 4 syntaxes of cognitive conflict-based learning models, namely activation of preconceptions and misconceptions, presentation of cognitive conflicts, discovery of concepts and similarities, and reflection. . Each syntax is designed to improve students' conceptual understanding and 4C skills. The results of the interactive multimedia prototype self-evaluation obtained very good criteria. The results of the prototype validity test obtained a very valid category. Interactive multimedia has been valid in material substance, learning design, visual communication display, and software utilization.

Doubt as a mechanism of the change of epistemic states (on the materials of the philosophy of pragmatism and neuropsychology)

Science has not yet found a solution to the question of how cognitive mechanisms, which are crucial for the subjective processes of evaluating the reliability of information and doubt, are arranged. This ability is usually associated with both the pragmatic consequences of accepting a belief and the material substance of consciousness. In this article, the author proposes to compare one of the largest conceptions of doubt in philosophy, the pragmatic conception, with the theory of false tags, which was presented in the last decade by the neuropsychologist E. Asp in order to explain the phenomena of doubt. The article presents the theoretical aspects of both conceptions, which allows to derive the properties of doubt as an epistemic state, that is, the state of the subject’s cognitive reality, formed under the influence of external (situational, pragmatic) and internal (neuropsychological) factors. The results of the study presented in the article allow us to conclude the possibility of an interdisciplinary approach in further studies of human cognitive activity as a mechanism of various epistemic states. It is concluded that doubt itself is not one of these states, but is a secondary psychological act that ensures the transition from one epistemic state to another. This offers an alternative view to the approach established in philosophy, in which doubt precedes the fact of accepting knowledge and is an essential stage of the cognitive process.

Respons Siswa SMK terhadap E-Learning Persiapan Seleksi Masuk Perguruan Tinggi Berbasis Android

<p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p><strong></strong><br />Penelitian bertujuan untuk menghasilkan aplikasi E-Training berbasis Android yang valid dan praktis untuk seleksi masuk perguruan tinggi. Penelitian menggunakan model pengembangan <em>four-D</em> dengan 4 tahapan, yaitu <em>define, design, develop,</em> dan <em>dessiminate</em>. Alat pengumpul data menggunakan lembar validasi dan angket. Teknik analisis data melalui uji validitas produk dengan melibatkan pakar/ahli, yaitu ahli desain dan ahli materi, serta uji praktikalitas yang melibatkan 28 siswa SMK Negeri 2 Pariaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi E-Training berbasis Android dinyatakan sangat valid berdasarkan aspek substansi materi, komunikasi visual, desain evaluasi, dan pemanfaatan <em>software</em>, serta respons siswa terhadap aplikasi menunjukkan hasil dengan kriteria sangat praktis ditinjau dari daya tarik, proses penggunaan, kemudahan penggunaan, dan alokasi waktu. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa aplikasi E-Training dapat digunakan bagi siswa sebagai latihan untuk persiapan seleksi masuk perguruan tinggi. </p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><strong><em></em></strong><br /><em>The research aimed to produce valid and practical Android-based E-Training for </em><br /><em>college entrance selection. This research used a four-D development model with 4 </em><em>stages, namely define, design, develop, and disseminate. The data collection tool used </em><em>validation sheets and questionnaires. The data analysis technique was through </em><em>product validity testing involving experts, namely design experts and material </em><em>experts, as well as practicality tests involving 28 students of SMK N 2 Pariaman. </em><em>The results showed that Android-based E-Training was declared to be very valid </em><em>based on aspects of material substance, visual communication, evaluation design, </em><em>and software utilization, and student responses to the application showed results </em><em>with very practical criteria in terms of attractiveness, the process of use, ease of use, </em><em>and time allocation. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that E Training can be used for students as an exercise to prepare for college entrance </em><em>selection.</em></p>

Deleuze and the Digital: On the Materiality of Algorithmic Infrastructures

In his short and often quoted essay ‘Postscript on the Societies of Control’, Gilles Deleuze famously describes the structures of power in the dawning twenty-first century as driven by ‘machines of a third type, computers’, as novel and predominantly digital infrastructures. In fact, from a Deleuzian perspective the entire ecosystem of the digital transformation can be described as a larger shift in modes of production and the political economy. This essay proposes to read this ‘technological evolution’ as the power of algorithms and their material substance – digital infrastructures that entail a different mode of interaction between humans and technology. In looking at these infrastructures from a materialist position, my essay reconceptualises the digital as the unfolding logic of assemblages that have been shaping a ‘long now’ of technological modernity. In bringing a Deleuzian reading of infrastructures to the study of technology and society, this essay seeks to shed a new light on the political function – and the increasing abstraction – of infrastructures in the realm of the digital.

Digital Representation of Cultural Heritage and Coffee Culture by Chinese Indonesian And Malaysian Coffee Brands

Coffee is called Kopi in both Indonesia and Malaysia. It was said to be introduced to these two countries during the period of colonisation. Various studies (i.e., Robelt McStocker, 1987; Jeff Neilson & Felicity Shonk, 2014; Cheryl Chang & Ian McGonigle, 2020) have discussed the coffee industries, coffee consumption and political economy of livelihood opportunities in these coffee-producing regions. In her book titled, "Coffee Culture: Local Experiences, Global Connections", Tucker (2010) asserts that "coffee is a material substance, but culture infuses with social and symbolic meanings" (p. 6). Both Indonesia and Malaysia demonstrate their own patterns of appreciation on coffee culture and cultural heritage in digital formats in a modern setting. According to Jambunathan (2019), upward mobility in coffee-business families in these regions is playing a role, as well-educated younger generations have successfully propelled new technique and advance application on numerous aspects of coffee business. Keywords: Website Communication, Coffee Culture, Cultural Heritage, Indonesia, Malaysia

Semantic Transformations of the Lexeme mentalitet (‘Mentality’) in the Metaphorical Models of the Subject-Predicate Relationship

This article presents a new stage of the research project on the frontal analysis of conditions and results of contextual actualization of lexemes representing the Russian concept MENTALITET/MENTAL’NOST’ (‘MENTALITY’). Here, the author studied the word mentalitet (‘mentality’) in non-usual subject-predicate combinations. The aim was to analyse semantic transformations of the lexeme mentalitet in the conceptual metaphorical models of reification and animation. L.O. Cherneiko’s method of cognitive interpretation of abstract words and the method of conceptual analysis elaborated by Nizhny Novgorod Conceptological School were applied in the paper. For material the author turned to the Russian National Corpus. The scientific value of the article consists in introducing a new aspect of conceptual analysis, i.e. conceptual metaphorical transformations of the word mentalitet in subject-predicate combinations. The key findings are as follows: 1) in the contexts of conceptual metaphorical reification, the lexeme mentalitet is interpreted as a sensually perceived object: a concrete thing, device, mechanism, material (substance); 2) in the contexts of conceptual metaphorical animation, mentalitet is perceived as a living, rationally and efficiently acting being endowed with consciousness, emotions and will. The author comes to the conclusion that this borrowed abstract concept has been to a large extent appropriated by the Russian linguistic worldview. The paper makes a sufficient contribution to contemporary cognitively oriented linguoculturological research strategies as well as to the theory and practice of conceptual analysis. The practical value of the article lies in the opportunity to use its main results in journalism and PR projects, as well as in compiling a new type of concept dictionaries and in linguistic examination of media texts.

20. Right and left realism

This chapter focuses on realist criminologies which emerged in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The two main strands were right realism and left realism, so called because of the political leanings that influenced them. Realist criminologies were, in basic terms, theoretical developments grounded in and informed by sociological positivism (right realism) and critical criminologies (left realism). Realism itself is an important social scientific concept, developed to try to provide a basis for understanding social realities which are not directly observable or precisely measurable, but undoubtedly have material substance and affect human behaviour, such as the law. More recently, we have seen a further variation emerge in the form of ‘ultra-realist’ criminology, which seeks to challenge and extend the definition of ‘crime’ to encompass the idea of ‘social harm’, thereby making a connection with concerns about the environment or damaging state and corporate activity.

In Search of a New Quantum Theory: From an Electron with a Volume to the Mechanism of Light Generation

A new theoretical concept of quantum mechanics is proposed. The leading role is assigned to the electron as a non-point particle with a volume density of charge and mass. Based on the Hamilton-Jacobi equation, a nonlinear differential equation describing the dynamics of the charged substance of an electron is proposed. This new fundamental equation is transformed into the Schrödinger equation, with the density of the material substance of the electron being proportional to the square of the wave function. Since an electron in the form of a "cloud" of matter can change its configuration in space, we can give a classical interpretation to the process of generating a photon with a frequency and energy corresponding to the principles of quantum mechanics. Interference, diffraction, and the non-relativistic concept of electron spin is discussed.

Unamuno on making oneself indispensable and having the strength to long for immortality

Unamuno believes that longing for immortality is what motivates nearly all of human behavior. Unfortunately, in a world in which many people despair of ever achieving true personal immortality, we increasingly turn to what he calls mere “shadows of immortality” for comforting ideas about how our names, energy, or basic material substance will carry on in our absence. Unamuno advocates fighting against such despair, staying out of the shadows, and longing for personal immortality even when it seems impossible. Unamuno’s approach to this issue resembles, in a few significant ways, Kierkegaard’s struggle for the cultivation of subjective selfhood. At the same time, it also runs afoul of Nietzsche’s derisive claims about immortality-seekers. Whereas Nietzsche sees longing for immortality as a sign of being too weak to make the most of mortal life, the more Kierkegaardian Unamuno counters that it is a sign of strong appreciation for life to demand, without surrender, that there be more of it. Given the proper understanding of Nietzsche’s claims about the eternal recurrence, I think he and Unamuno might not be quite as far apart as it initially seems. However, exploring the latter’s critique of the former suggests an intriguing way of seeing the contemporary analytic debate about the desirability of immortality. Building on Unamuno’s position, one could argue that pessimism about the value of immortality is actually indicative of a flawed character and an impoverished relationship with life.

Potens per accidens sine accidentibus: Ockham on Material Substances and Their Essential Powers

Medieval scholastics share a commitment to a substance-accident ontology and to an analysis of efficient causation in which agents act in virtue of their powers. Given these commitments, it seems ready-made which entities are the agents or powers: substances are agents and their accidents powers. William of Ockham, however, offers a rather different analysis concerning material substances and their essential powers, which this article explores. The article first examines Ockham’s account of propria and his reasons for claiming that a material substance is essentially powerful sine accidentibus. However, the article subsequently argues that, given Ockham’s reductionism about material substance, only substantial forms – never substances – are truly agents and powers. Thus, a material substance is essentially powerful but only by courtesy – per accidens, as Ockham calls it – because it has a non-identical part, its substantial form, which does all the causal work by itself, per se.