Development of technologies for the restoration of degraded land

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
A. Mironova ◽  
I. Lickin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Economic ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Degraded Land ◽  
Degraded Lands ◽  
Degraded Soil ◽  
Productive Land ◽  
Social Importance

Land degradation is a gradual deterioration of its properties caused by changes in soil formation. The purpose of the study is to analyze degraded soil lands and to justify the composition of technological complexes for restoration treatments of neglected lands. They showed that in the Non-Black Earth Zone of Russia degraded lands are divided into whole, deposit with powerful and lowpower dern. The peculiarities of the main types of degraded lands and recommendations to technical complexes were revealed. It has been shown that the majority of the whole and deposit lands are located on the blackened old arable lands covered with shrub and wood vegetation, on the marshland areas, in the sites of peatland accumulation and near the river fl oodplains. In order to restore degraded land, it is necessary to form special bioactive recultivation technologies, specialized machines and units for their implementation, as well as to develop a set of measures to involve significant areas of productive land in the active agricultural circulation, taking into account their environmental, economic and social importance.

Dynamics of Land Degradation in Uttar Pradesh: Zone-wise Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 221-228
Keyword(s):  
Land Degradation ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
The State ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Degraded Land ◽  
Degraded Lands ◽  
Grazing Land ◽  
Marsh Soil ◽  
Industrial Land

The study was undertaken to assess the extent of land degradation in the state of Uttar Pradesh. The data for the various forms of wasteland were collected from Wasteland Atlas of India for the period from 2000-01 to 2015-16. The study revealed that the proportion of total wasteland areas to total geographical areas was declined from 9.42 to 3.54 percent during the period under investigation. The percentage change was estimated to be -62.42 percent. The percentage decline was registered in all the categories of degraded lands like Gullied/Ravine soil (-62.07 percent), upland with or without Scrub (-60.09 percent), waterlogged and marsh soil (-84.80 percent), saline/alkaline soil (-63.49 percent), underutilized/degraded notified (-2.15 percent), degraded pastures/grazing land (-100.00 percent), degraded land under plantation (-100.00 percent), and inland/coastal (-95.00 percent), barren rocky/stony waste/sheetrock area (-71.88 percent) except mining or industrial land. Mining and industrial land were increased by 200.00 percent during the period from 2000-01 to 2015-16. Mining/industrial land increased because of urbanization and the installation of industries in the state. The decline in other categories of land was registered on account of the Land Reclamations Scheme launched by the U.P. Government to improve the quality of the land. With the increasing demand for land due to population pressure and ensure food security, it is the need of the hour to make more and more wastelands or degraded lands usable and cultivable.

scholarly journals Cartographic analysis of the distribution of degraded lands (on the example of the Рoltava region)

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
Serhii Lashko ◽  
Inna Shelkovska ◽  
Nadiia Halchenko ◽  
Olena Klyuka
Keyword(s):  
Land Degradation ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
River Network ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Degraded Land ◽  
Degraded Lands ◽  
Significant Difference

Cartographic analysis can be considered as one of the means of the land monitoringsystem, in particular, by the distribution of degradation processes. The work is proposed to createfor regions of cartogram of total distribution of degraded agricultural land and cartograms offraction of agricultural lands that have undergone water and wind erosion, acidification, salinization,with indispensable drawing on these cartograms of the river network scheme.  The zoning of the Poltava region is presented and analyzed in terms of the total distribution ofdegraded agricultural land, as well as separately by the particles of water, wind erosion,acidification, salinization.According to the relative distribution of degraded agricultural lands (without taking intoaccount the overlap of various types of degradation) within the Poltava region, there are 2 groups ofdistricts of increased land degradation: 1) northern (covers 7 districts – Pyriatyn, Chornukhy, Lubny,Lokhvytsia, Myrhorod, Hadiach, Zinkiv) and 2) southeastern (covers 3 districts – Kobeliaky, NoviSanzhary and Mashivka).Water erosion is inherent in districts with significant difference in heights and largest forestcover. This is primarily Dykanka, Zinkiv, Reshetylivka districts (watershed between rivers of Psel andVorskla), Lokhvytsia and Chornukhy districts (watershed between rivers of Sula and Udai) and theChutove district (watershed between rivers of Vorskla and Orel). Wind erosion covers predominantlynorthwestern, north and southeastern districts – Pyriatyn, Chornukhy, Hrebinka, Lokhvytsia,Hadiach, Mashivka, Novi Sanzhary.Cartograms of distribution of degraded land are supplemented by the river network on them.The method of their creation is described. The cartographic method is substantiated by theinterconnection of the districts of increased acidification of soils with basins of the rivers Udai andVorskla, and the districts of minimum acidification of soils – with the basin of the river Khorol.Salinization of soils of the Poltava region should be associated, obviously not with superficial,and with groundwater. In the future, it is recommended to use for a cartographic analysis of thedistribution of degraded lands additionally maps of groundwater hydroisogyps.

FEATURES OF MONITORING OF DEGRADED LANDS TO ASSESS POSSIBILITIES FOR THEIR REHABILITATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
B.I. KORZHENEVSKIY ◽  
◽  
N.V. KOLOMIYTSEV ◽  
G.YU. TOLKACHEV
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Land Restoration ◽  
Degraded Land ◽  
Degraded Lands ◽  
The Past ◽  
Unused Land ◽  
Restoration Work

Putting out of using large areas of agricultural lands in the central region over the past years has led to worsening the prospects of their purposed use, although the problem of the relevance of their restoration still remains. For many years the unused land was exposed to both natural exogenous processes such as erosion, suffusion, etc. and biological and chemical changes, usually for the worse for agriculture. There are considered elements of monitoring aimed at assessing the prospects or lack of perspectives of rehabilitation of degraded lands. An energy approach to assessing the state of slopes and soils located within these slopes is presented. The main factors of natural and anthropogenic character in assessing the prospects for land restoration are their steepness, excess relative to local bases of erosion other morphological characteristics of slopes which in general is reduced to an assessment of the energy provision of slopes and soils. So the higher the energy capacity of slopes – they are less promising for development, for soils – there is a reverse picture – the higher their energy reserves, the more promising is their use. Approaches to zoning the territory for monitoring from larger taxons of natural and anthropogenic genesis to the sites of special surveillance within which the prospects for rehabilitation of the agricultural land are evaluated. The most important factor is the material expediency of such actions, i.e. before starting the restoration work it is necessary to assess the profitability or loss of the proposed event. In cases of the material expediency it is feasible as further actions to include energy assessments of slopes and soils; zoning of the object according to the steepness and oriented characteristics of soil washout; and the possibility of obtaining agronomic and meteorological data on a timely basis. The result of the work is a forecast assessment of the prospects for restoring degraded land for the intended purpose using modern databases and WEB-systems.

Land change effects on ecosystem degradation across Nigerian agro-ecological zones from 1975 through 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicia Akinyemi ◽  
Chinwe Ifejika Speranza
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Land Change ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Degraded Land ◽  
Vegetation Productivity ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Settlement Areas ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

<p>Land system change is implicated in many sustainability challenges as its alteration impacts ecosystems and exacerbate the vulnerability of communities, particularly where livelihoods are largely dependent on natural resources. The production of a land use-cover map for year 2020 extended the time-series for assessing land use-cover dynamics over a period of 45 years (1975-2020). The case of Nigeria is examined as the land area encompass several agro-ecological zones. The classification scheme countries utilise for estimating Land Degradation Neutrality baseline and monitoring of the Sustainable Development Goal 15.3.1 indicator (proportion of degraded land over total land area) was used, based on seven land use-cover classes (tree-covered area, grassland, cropland, wetland, artificial surface area, otherland, and waterbody). Severity of land degradation, computed as changes in vegetation productivity using the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), as well as changes in ecosystem service values were examined across the different land use-cover types, in areas of change and persistence. Land degradation is most severe in settlement areas and wetlands with declining trends in 34% of settlement areas and 29% in wetlands respectively. About 19% of tree-covered areas experienced increasing trends. In some areas of land use-cover persistence, vegetation productivity declined despite no land change occurring. For example, vegetation productivity declined in about 35% and 9% of persistent wetlands and otherland respectively between 2000 and 2020, whereas there was improvement in 22% of persistent grasslands, 18% of persistent otherlands and 12% of persistent croplands. In land change areas, about 12% and 8% of wetlands and tree-covered areas had declining vegetation trends respectively, whereas it improved the most in croplands (20%), and grasslands (16%). With some wetland, cropland and otherland areas degrading the most, protecting these critical ecosystems is required to sustain their functions and services. The finding that vegetation productivity may decline in areas of persistence underscores the importance of intersecting land use-cover (in terms of persistence and change) with vegetation productivity to identify pathways for enhancing ecological sustainability.</p>

Approaches for Measuring Sustainability

2013 ◽  
pp. 158-184
Author(s):  
Evangelos Grigoroudis ◽  
Vassilis S. Kouikoglou ◽  
Yannis A. Phillis
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Economic ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Sustainability Indicators ◽  
Measuring Technique ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Limits To Growth

The environment provides the economy with resources (e.g., water, air, fuels, food, metals, minerals, and drugs), services (e.g., the cycles of H2O, C, CO2, N, O2; photosynthesis, and soil formation), and mechanisms to absorb waste. Economic growth is based on these three services, and since the global ecosystem does not grow, economic growth cannot continue indefinitely. The concepts of sustainability and sustainable development have received much attention among policy-makers and scientists as a result of the existence of limits to growth and the dramatic environmental changes of the last decades. Sustainability integrates environmental, economic, and societal aspects. It also covers different geographical scales: ecosystems, regions, countries, and the globe. In this chapter, the authors review various models of sustainability assessment. Since there is no universally accepted definition and measuring technique of sustainability, these different models lead to different assessments. They also present a discussion of the sustainability indicators, aggregation tools, and data imputation techniques used in each approach.

Soils

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-90
Author(s):  
Nicola P. Randall ◽  
Barbara Smith
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Soil Biology ◽  
Soil Processes ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Productive Land ◽  
And Function ◽  
Agriculture And Food

This chapter gives a basic introduction to soil formation and fundamental soil processes in agroecosystems. The types of soils found in agroecosystems and their importance for agriculture is explored, with a principal focus on soil biodiversity, i.e. soil-dwelling organisms, their variety and function, and the interaction between soil biology, agriculture, and food production. The chapter describes some of the issues associated with soils in agroecosystems. These include interactions between agricultural practices and soil erosion and soil quality issues such as salinization and desertification. The major challenges to maintaining ‘healthy’ soils on productive land are outlined, and approaches and techniques for managing soils described.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis and Soil Quality Indexing for Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Grown in Marginal and Degraded Land of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India

Land ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheikh Adil Edrisi ◽  
Vishal Tripathi ◽  
Purushothaman Chirakkuzhyil Abhilash
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Dalbergia Sissoo ◽  
Land Restoration ◽  
Degraded Land ◽  
Soil Quality Index ◽  
Degraded Lands

The successful utilization of marginal and degraded lands for biomass and bioenergy production depends upon various factors such as climatic conditions, the adaptive traits of the tree species and their growth rate and respective belowground responses. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the growth performance of a bioenergy tree (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.) grown in marginal and degraded land of the Mirzapur district of Uttar Pradesh, India and to analyze the effect of D. sissoo plantations on soil quality improvement over the study years. For this, a soil quality index (SQI) was developed based on principal component analysis (PCA) to understand the effect of D. sissoo plantations on belowground responses. PCA results showed that among the studied soil variables, bulk density (BD), moisture content (MC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and soil urease activity (SUA) are the key variables critically influencing the growth of D. sissoo. The SQI was found in an increasing order with the growth period of D. sissoo. (i.e., from 0.419 during the first year to 0.579 in the fourth year). A strong correlation was also observed between the growth attributes (diameter at breast height, R2 = 0.870; and plant height, R2 = 0.861) and the soil quality (p < 0.01). Therefore, the developed SQI can be used as key indicator for monitoring the restoration potential of D. sissoo growing in marginal and degraded lands and also for adopting suitable interventions to further improve soil quality for multipurpose land restoration programs, thereby attaining land degradation neutrality and United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

scholarly journals Supporting SDG 15, Life on Land: Identifying the Main Drivers of Land Degradation in Honghe Prefecture, China, between 2005 and 2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 710
Author(s):  
Tuo Wang ◽  
Gregory Giuliani ◽  
Anthony Lehmann ◽  
Yangming Jiang ◽  
Xiaodong Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Degraded Land ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Terrestrial Biodiversity ◽  
The Impact

The essence of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted by the United Nations is described in 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). SDG 15 focuses on Life on Land, in other words, terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystems, as well as their services. Land degradation is a severe anthropic and natural phenomenon that is affecting land use/cover globally; therefore, a dedicated target of the SDG 15 (the indicator 15.3.1) was proposed. The identification of the areas where land degradation has occurred and the analysis of its drivers allow for the design of solutions to prevent further degradation in the studied areas. We followed the methodology proposed by the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) to study the land degradation in the Honghe Prefecture in southwest China between 2005 and 2015. Through spatial analysis, we found that the degraded areas were consistent with the areas of active human activities (such as urban centers), while the impact of natural factors (such as disasters) on land degradation existed in small areas at high altitudes. Land degradation was affected primarily by the loss of land productivity and secondly by land cover changes caused by the growth of artificial areas. Changes in the soil organic carbon were not significant. We concluded that human activity was the main driver of land degradation in Honghe Prefecture. Decision makers should work to find a balance between economic development and environmental protection to restore degraded land and strive to achieve a land degradation-neutral prefecture to defend all ecosystem services.

Is existing scientific knowledge sufficient to provide the basis for reliable monitoring of achieving land degradation neutrality?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Grainger
Keyword(s):  
Land Degradation ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Land Restoration ◽  
Degraded Land ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Dry Areas ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Environmental Concepts

&lt;p&gt;A goal of Land Degradation Neutrality by the year 2030 was agreed by the Rio+20 conference in 2012, and subsequently included in the Sustainable Development Goals. It dilutes earlier goals of unrestricted control of desertification, for example, by proposing that the rate of land degradation should be reduced and the rate of restoration of degraded land increased so they offset each other by 2030. As with many environmental concepts that have emerged in recent decades, Land Degradation Neutrality was proposed in the political arena, and scientific study is only now starting to evolve. Yet distinct positions are already forming within the scientific community, for example, on the feasibility of monitoring land degradation neutrality in dry areas when there are no reliable estimates for the rate of desertification, and on what constitutes land restoration in dry areas. Land degradation neutrality is also yet to be put in the wider context of environmental degradation as a whole, e.g. how does it relate to the forest degradation component of the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD+) mechanism of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, and to degradation of biodiversity which the Convention on Biological Diversity is seeking to reduce. This session will allow scientists working in the field of land degradation neutrality to share their perspectives in this emerging field.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Effectiveness and sustainability of remedial actions for land restoration in Abeokuta urban communities, Ogun state, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Okanlade Adesokan Lawal-Adebowale
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Land Restoration ◽  
Degraded Land ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Water Logging ◽  
Remedial Actions

Abstract The destructive impact of land degradation on social and economic endeavours of the residents of certain urban areas of Abeokuta communities in Ogun State, Nigeria calls for remedial actions to restoring the affected land areas. This becomes essential in order to ensure safe inhabitation and enhanced socioeconomic engagements of the residents. Taken remedial actions in this regard included the use of sandbags, debris and wood logs, rubbles and stones, construction of contours and drainages. While each of these actions, in one way or the other, effectively improves the degraded land, it was concluded that the use of rubbles and stones, and drainage construction were sustainably durable for land restoration on the premise that these actions does not allow for water logging or flooding in of the study area. It was however recommended that these sustainable remedial actions should rather be pro-actively taken for prevention of land degradation than being taken as degraded land restoration actions basically because it is much cheaper to prevent environmental degradation than to have the degraded land restored.

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