scholarly journals Development of Graphite- and Graphene Reinforced Styrene-Butadiene Rubber

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Pirityi Dávid Zoltán ◽  
Pölöskei Kornél
Keyword(s):  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Rubber Waste ◽  
Hardness Tests ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Internal Mixer ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Better Than

Abstract The environmental impact of rubber waste can be reduced by extending the lifetime of rubber products. It can be achieved by developing graphene/rubber nanocomposites with good abrasion resistance. In this paper, we investigated how rubber mixing technologies influence the mechanical properties of rubber. We added various amounts (0, 1, 5 and 10 phr) of graphite and graphene to rubber mixtures using a two-roll mill, an internal mixer, a single- and a twin-screw extruder. We performed tensile, tear strength and Shore A hardness tests on the vulcanisates and analysed their fracture surfaces with a scanning electron microscope. Our results show that graphene had a better reinforcing effect than graphite. Rubber mixing via extrusion may contribute to more severe polymer degradation, though their reproducibility is better than that achieved on a two-roll mill or in an internal mixer.

scholarly journals Best Practice for De-Vulcanization of Waste Passenger Car Tire Rubber Granulate Using 2-2′-dibenzamidodiphenyldisulfide as De-Vulcanization Agent in a Twin-Screw Extruder

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1139
Author(s):  
Hans van Hoek ◽  
Jacques Noordermeer ◽  
Geert Heideman ◽  
Anke Blume ◽  
Wilma Dierkes
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Chain Scission ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Twin Screw Extruder ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Tire Rubber ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

De-vulcanization of rubber has been shown to be a viable process to reuse this valuable material. The purpose of the de-vulcanization is to release the crosslinked nature of the highly elastic tire rubber granulate. For present day passenger car tires containing the synthetic rubbers Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR) and Butadiene Rubber (BR) and a high amount of silica as reinforcing filler, producing high quality devulcanizate is a major challenge. In previous research a thermo-chemical mechanical approach was developed, using a twin-screw extruder and diphenyldisulfide (DPDS) as de-vulcanization agent.The screw configuration was designed for low shear in order to protect the polymers from chain scission, or uncontrolled spontaneuous recombination which is the largest problem involved in de-vulcanization of passenger car tire rubber. Because of disadvantages of DPDS for commercial use, 2-2′-dibenzamidodiphenyldisulfide (DBD) was used in the present study. Due to its high melting point of 140 °C the twin-screw extruder process needed to be redesigned. Subsequent milling of the devulcanizate at 60 °C with a narrow gap-width between the mill rolls greatly improved the quality of the devulcanizate in terms of coherence and tensile properties after renewed vulcanization. As the composition of passenger car tire granulate is very complex, the usefulness of the Horikx-Verbruggen analysis as optimization parameter for the de-vulcanization process was limited. Instead, stress-strain properties of re-vulcanized de-vulcanizates were used. The capacity of the twin-screw extruder was limited by the required residence time, implying a low screw speed. A best tensile strength of 8 MPa at a strain at break of 160% of the unblended renewed vulcanizate was found under optimal conditions.

Processibility and Mechanical Properties of Mullite-Filled Styrene Butadiene Rubber Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 401-410
Author(s):  
Qiong Qiong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Silane Coupling Agent ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Precipitated Silica ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Silane Coupling ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Reinforcing Filler

Mullite (3A12O3·2SiO2) is an aluminosilicate ceramic of great technological importance. We investigated its potential as fillers in rubber. Mullites untreated or treated with 3% γ-mecapto-propyltrimethoxysilane (A-189) were added into styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) materials on a laboratory-sized two-roll mill. For comparison, commercial precipitated silica was also used. The effect of these fillers on the cure characteristics, processibility and mechanical properties of SBR at various loadings, ranging from 0 to 50 phr was investigated. The results showed that mullite was a semi-reinforcing filler for SBR materials and exhibits better overall cure properties, lower Mooney viscosity, lower tensile set, better resilience as compared to precipitated silica, while it is inferior to precipitated silica especially with regard to tensile strength, tear strength and abrasion resistance. The presence of the silane coupling agent can enhance mechanical properties of filled SBR vulcanizates to some extent.

Physical and Morphological Properties of Styrene Butadiene Rubber / Recycled Chloroprene Rubber (SBR/CRr) Blends

2013 ◽  
Vol 795 ◽  
pp. 119-123
Author(s):  
Ahmad Azmi Azrem ◽  
N.Z. Noriman ◽  
M.N. Razif ◽  
S.T. Sam ◽  
M.S. Saiful Nizwan
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Tensile Fracture ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Tensile Fracture Surface ◽  
Rubber Blends ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Chloroprene Rubber ◽  
Blend Ratios ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

The effects of physical and morphological properties of styrene butadiene rubber/virgin chloroprene rubber blends (SBR/CRv) and styrene butadiene rubber/recycled chloroprene rubber blends (SBR/CRr) were investigated. Both SBR/CRv blends and SBR/CRr blends were prepared using two roll mill at room temperature with blend ratios 95/5, 85/15, 75/25, 65/35 and 50/50. The range size of CRr used in this study was 0.3 0.7 mm. The SBR/CRr blends shows higher value of hardness and crosslink density compared to SBR/CRv blends at all blend ratios. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of tensile fracture surface of SBR/CRr blends at 15 blend ratio illustrated a better adhesion and dispersion of CRr with SBR matrix compared with SBR/CRv blends.

EFFECT OF IONIC LIQUID MODIFIED MWCNT ON THE RHEOLOGICAL AND MICROSTRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENTS IN STYRENE BUTADIENE RUBBER NANOCOMPOSITES

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-545
Author(s):  
Jiji Abraham ◽  
Ajesh K. Zachariah ◽  
Runcy Wilson ◽  
Rigoberto Ibarra-Gómez ◽  
Rene Muller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Large Strain ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Multiwalled Carbon ◽  
Nonlinear Viscoelastic ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

ABSTRACT Ionic liquid modified multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) based styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) nanocomposites were prepared with the two-roll mill mixing method, and the rheological measurements were used to study the dispersion of MWCNTs on a microscopic scale and its compatibility with the SBR matrix. Viscous liquid-like rheological behavior at low MWCNT loadings and pseudo-solid-like rheological response at high MWCNT loadings were observed, showing the gradual transformation from individual structures of MWCNTs to polymer bridged MWCNT networks. A decrease in the mobility of SBR macromolecular chains by the geometric confinement of three-dimensional networks of MWCNTs further confirms the interdeveloped pseudo-solid behavior of filled composites. Dynamic viscoelasticity data have been compared with the theoretical Carreau–Yasuda equation. Transmission electron microscopy of the samples reveals that MWCNTs are randomly dispersed in the rubber matrix. Finally the nature of the filler association and its role in the nonlinear viscoelastic properties at large strain amplitudes were investigated.

PEMBUATAN KARET EBONIT PADA BERBAGAI VARIASI KARET ALAM, KARET RIKLIM, DAN SULFUR UNTUK ISOLATOR PANAS

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Supraptiningsih Supraptiningsih ◽  
Herminiwati Herminiwati ◽  
Arum Yuniari ◽  
Sugihartono Sugihartono ◽  
Muhammad Sholeh
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuat karet ebonit pada berbagai variasi karet alam, karet riklim, dan sulfur untuk isolator panas. Dilakukan variasi pada jumlah limbah riklim yang digunakan dan jumlah sulfur. Bahan baku adalah bahan karet alam pale crepe dan karet sintetis SBR (styrene butadiene rubber). Pencampuran dilakukan dengan mesin two roll mill, kemudian di tekan dengan mesin hydraulic press. Kondisi pengepresan adalah suhu 150°C, tekanan 170 kgf, dan waktu 120 menit. Pengujian meliputi uji perambatan panas, pengusangan, kekerasan, specific grafity, dan uji morfologi. Kompon terbaik untuk pembuatan isolator adalah kompon yang paling tahan terhadap panas yaitu kompon dengan penggunaan riklim 10 phr dan sulfur 40 phr. Nilai uji transfer panas pada menit ke 180 sebesar 69,05°C. Karet tersebut mempunyai nilai kekerasan sebelum pengusangan 92,27 Shore A, dan setelah pengusangan 93,51 shore A. Nilai specific gravity sebelum dan sesudah pengusangan sama yaitu 1,39.

The Effects on the Cure Characteristics and Physical Properties of Bamboo Activated Carbon Filled Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) Compounds

2015 ◽  
Vol 815 ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
N.R. Munirah ◽  
N.Z. Noriman ◽  
M.Z. Salihin ◽  
H. Kamarudin ◽  
M.H. Fatin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

The role of activated carbon (AC) in rubber compounds was investigated to better understand the reinforcing mechanism. The activated carbon filled styrene butadiene rubber vulcanizates (SBR-AC) using bamboo activated carbon as filler were prepared by using two-roll mill and cured at 160 °C. AC filler loading from 10 to 50 phr (part per hundred rubber) were used in this study. Study into the influences of filler loading on the cure characteristics, swelling behaviour and physical properties (hardness and resilience) of SBR-AC vulcanizates were carried out. It was observed that SBR-AC vulcanizates has better cure characteristics compared to the styrene butadiene rubber gum vulcanizate (SBR-GV) which is a non-filled vulcanizate. The results showed that the scorch time (ts2) decreased with increasing filler loading. The cure time (tc90) slightly decreased up to 20 phr before a rise as the filler loading increased. The minimum torque (ML) of SBR vulcanizate increased and the maximum torque (MH) decreased up to 20 phr but then increased with increasing filler loading. The cure rate index (CRI) of SBR-GV vulcanizate was higher than that of all SBR-AC vulcanizates. Up to 20 phr of filler loading, the CRI increased before a decline occurred as the filler loading increased. As expected, the hardness value of SBR-AC vulcanizates was higher compared to SBR-GV vulcanizate which has lower resilience. The hardness and crosslink density showed an increasing trend meanwhile the resilience was adversely affected by the increase in filler loading. Bamboo activated carbon showed some potential enhancement on the reinforcing and physical properties of the vulcanizates.

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