Factores limitantes en la producción del biodiésel de Jatropha curcas L

In order to reduce production costs of biodiesel, minimum transesterification conditions were herein evaluated. Limiting factors were determined to use calcium oxide and hydroxide catalysts, at different doses and concentrations in the transesterification of Jatropha curcas L. oil and methanol. It was determined that the presence of water, and content of free fatty acids (0,423-2,53% acidity) in the Jatropha oil are just a minimum inhibition factors, in comparison with atmospheric reaction conditions. In contrast, the 10:1 molar ratio of methanol and oil allowed a 98,9% yield of biodiesel when sodium hydroxide was used as catalyst. The same yield was obtained with or without oil esterification. In perspective, avoiding the poisoning of heterogeneous catalysts is still under study in the search for catalysts recovery from the reaction medium. Index Terms—transesterification, nucleophilic reaction, oil, energy, biofuel.

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Production of Oxygenated Fuel Additives from Residual Glycerine Using Biocatalysts Obtained from Heavy-Metal-Contaminated Jatropha curcas L. Roots

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12040740 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 740 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Juan García-Martín ◽

Francisco Alés-Álvarez ◽

Miguel Torres-García ◽

Chao-Hui Feng ◽

Paloma Álvarez-Mateos

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Jatropha Curcas ◽

Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽

Reaction Times ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Amberlyst 15 ◽

Jatropha Curcas L ◽

Heterogeneous Biocatalysts ◽

Oxygenated Fuel

This work aims to shed light on the use of two biochars, obtained from the pyrolysis at 550 °C of heavy-metal-contaminated Jatropha curcas L. roots, as heterogeneous catalysts for glycerol esterification using residual glycerine. To do this, glycerine from biodiesel production was purified. In a first step, H3PO4 or H2SO4 was used to remove non-glycerol organic matter. The glycerol-rich phase was then extracted with ethanol or propanol, which increased the glycerol content from 43.2% to up to 100%. Subsequently, the esterification of both purified glycerine and commercial USP glycerine was assayed with acetic acid (AA) or with acetic anhydride (AH) at 9:1 molar ratio to glycerol using Amberlyst-15 as catalyst. Different reaction times (from 1.5 to 3 h) and temperatures (100–115 °C when using AA and 80–135 °C when using AH) were assessed. Results revealed that the most suitable conditions were 80 °C and 1.5 h reaction time using AH, achieving 100% yield and selectivity towards triacetylglycerol (TAG) almost with both glycerines. Finally, the performance and reuse of the two heterogeneous biocatalysts was assessed. Under these conditions, one of the biocatalysts also achieved 100% TAG yield.

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Lipase-Catalyzed Acyl-L-Carnitines Synthesis in [Bmim]PF6 Ionic Liquid

International Journal of Food Engineering ◽

10.2202/1556-3758.1631 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jin-qiang Tian ◽

Qiang Wang ◽

Zhong-yuan Zhang

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquid ◽

Lipase Activity ◽

Molecular Sieves ◽

Reaction Medium ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Optimal Reaction ◽

Better Than

In order to significantly improve the biosynthesis of acyl-L-carnitines catalyzed by lipase, there must be an efficient and suitable reaction medium that is not only polar but also hydrophobic. [Bmim]PF6, which satisfies the above two requirements, was applied as the medium. The optimal reaction conditions were: for isovaleryl-L-carnitine, 0.22aW, 200mg molecular sieves, 60ºC, 4:1 of molar ratio (fatty acid:L-carnitine), 150rpm and 60h; for octanoyl-L-carnitine and palmitoyl-L-carnitine, 0.22aW, 250 mg molecular sieves, 5:1 of molar ratio (fatty acid:L-carnitine), 200rpm, 48h, 60ºC (octanoyl-L-carnitine) and 65ºC (palmitoyl-L-carnitine). Their overall yields could reach 59.14%, 90.79% and 98.03%, respectively. The yields of isovaleryl-L-carnitine, octanoyl-L-carnitine and palmitoyl-L-carnitine in [Bmim]PF6 were 16.21%, 73.67% and 44.22 % more than those in acetonitrile, respectively. [Bmim]PF6 as the medium was better than acetonitrile. It could not only enhance the yields of acyl-L-carnitines, but also protect the lipase activity.

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Oyster andPyramidellaShells as Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Microwave-Assisted Biodiesel Production fromJatropha curcasOil

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2015/578625 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Achanai Buasri ◽

Tidarat Rattanapan ◽

Chalida Boonrin ◽

Chosita Wechayan ◽

Vorrada Loryuenyong

Keyword(s):

Jatropha Curcas ◽

Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Catalyst Loading ◽

X Ray ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Xrf Scanning ◽

Waste Shell

Microwave-assisted biodiesel production via transesterification ofJatropha curcasoil with methanol using solid oxide catalyst derived from waste shells of oyster andPyramidellawas studied. The shells were calcined at 900°C for 2 h and calcium oxide (CaO) catalyst characterizations were carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area measurements. The effects of reaction variables such as reaction time, microwave power, methanol/oil molar ratio, and catalyst loading on the yield of biodiesel were investigated. Reusability of waste shell catalyst was also examined. The results indicated that the economic and environmentally friendly catalysts derived from oyster andPyramidellashells showed good reusability and had high potential to be used as biodiesel production catalysts under microwave-assisted transesterification ofJatropha curcasoil with methanol.

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Avaliação do crescimento inicial de Jatropha curcas L. sob diferentes doses de fósforo aplicados na base

Journal of Biotechnology and Biodiversity ◽

10.20873/jbb.uft.cemaf.v4n4.arruda ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 378-389 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rejanne Lima Arruda ◽

Poliana Alves de Queiroz ◽

Neumárcio Vilanova da Costa ◽

Althiéris de Souza Saraiva ◽

Eduardo Andrea Lemus Erasmo

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Jatropha Curcas ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Phosphate Fertilizer ◽

Early Growth ◽

Phosphorus Fertilization ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Jatropha Curcas L ◽

The One ◽

Different Doses

This study aimed to analyze the influence of different doses of phosphorus (P2O5) applied at the base on the initial growth of Jatropha curcas L. The experimental randomized blocks design was used with four replications. The treatments consisted of the following doses of phosphorus fertilization: 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g plant-1 of P2O5 at 36, 60, 71, 85, 106, 140, 177, 199, 235 and 263 days after seedlings transplanting. Growth parameters evaluated were as follows: plant height, stem diameter, number of primary and secondary branches, number of inflorescences, fruits number, leaf area and seed yield. The P2O5 levels influenced the early growth of the plants. For most of the evaluated characteristics (plant height, number of primary branches, inflorescences, number of fruits), a dose of 150 g plant-1 was the one that promoted greater increase to 140 DAT. Due to the high genetic variability among plants, and the fact that scientists in the field of genetic improvement are working for the development of cultivars with desirable agronomic characteristics, it is necessary to conduct further studies with phosphate fertilizer for the cultivation of Jatropha.

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Whiskers 14. Morphology and Thermal Properties of Copolyesters of 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid, Terephthalic Acid and Hydroquinone

High Performance Polymers ◽

10.1088/0954-0083/9/1/006 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 61-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Gert Schwarz ◽

Uwe Zemann ◽

Hans R Kricheldorf

Keyword(s):

Terephthalic Acid ◽

Potato Chip ◽

Reaction Medium ◽

Chip Morphology ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Feed Ratio ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

First Order ◽

First Order Phase ◽

Dsc Curves

In addition to the homopolyesters, poly(4-hydroxybenzoate) and poly(4-phenylene terephthalate), two series of copolyesters have been prepared with a systematic variation of the molar ratio. The first series was prepared by polycondensation of 4-acetoxybenzoic acid, terephthalic acid and acetylated hydroquinone in a liquid inert reaction medium at 400 °C. The second series was prepared under the same reaction conditions but from silylated 4-acetoxybenzoic acid and silylated terephthalic acid and showed a considerably higher 4-hydroxybenzoate/terephthalate ratio than expected from the feed ratio. The composition of these copolyesters was checked by 1H NMR spectroscopy after hydrolysis. All copolyesters proved to be highly crystalline regardless of the molar composition. WAXS measurements were conducted with synchrotron radiation up to 450 °C. These WAXS patterns indicate a gradual phase transition between 150 and 300 °C which is not detectable in the DSC curves. For the copolyesters containing > 50 mol% or 4-Hybe (4-hydrobenzoic acid) units one or two reversible first-order phase transitions were found in the DSC traces. Electron microscopy revealed that all these copolyesters are crystal powders consisting of particles of irregular shape. However, copolycondensations of silylated 4-acetoxybenzoic acid with silylated terephthalic acid and acetylated hydroquinone yielded copolyesters with a ‘potato-chip morphology’.

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Synthesis of Biodiesel by Different Carriers Supported KOH Catalyst

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.581-582.197 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 581-582 ◽

pp. 197-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ling Mei Yang ◽

Peng Mei Lv ◽

Zhen Hong Yuan ◽

Wen Luo ◽

Hui Wen Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Soybean Oil ◽

Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽

Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Catalyst Amount ◽

Acid Methyl ◽

And Performance

Transesterification of soybean oil with methanol to methyl eaters was found proceed in the presence of KOH loaded on five different oxides (CaO, MgO, Al2O3, Bentonite, kaolin) as heterogeneous catalysts. The structure and performance of these catalysts were studied using the techniques of XRD, CO2-TPD, and SEM. It was found that the 15wt% KOH/CaO catalyst provided best activity. In the presence of this catalyst, the yield of fatty acid methyl esters was 97.1%. The reaction conditions were as follows: methanol to soybean oil molar ratio was 16:1, temperature of 65 °C, reaction time of 1 h, and a catalyst amount of 4 wt%. The catalysts of KOH loaded on CaO showed a new crystalline phase of K2O. However, the catalyst of 15-KOH/CaO has more basic sites than the catalyst of 15-KOH/MgO. Therefore, the catalyst of 15-KOH/CaO has been associated with higher transesterification activity.

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Effects of Different Doses of Fertilizers on Growth and Yield Components of Biodiesel Plant (Jatropha curcas L.)

Sains Malaysiana ◽

10.17576/jsm-2017-4601-15 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 117-122

Author(s):

INAM ALI SHAH ◽

SULTAN MEHMOD WAZIR ◽

RAHMAT ALI KHAN

Keyword(s):

Jatropha Curcas ◽

Yield Components ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Jatropha Curcas L ◽

Different Doses

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Pertumbuhan Beberapa Genotipe Jarak Pagar (Jatropha Curcas L.) di Tanah Masam

Buletin Agrohorti ◽

10.29244/agrob.v5i2.16806 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 251-263

Author(s):

Indah Retnowati ◽

Memen Surahman

Keyword(s):

Jatropha Curcas ◽

Jatropha Curcas L

Indonesia memiliki banyak tanah masam, tetapi penggunaan masih sangat sedikit karena kandungan nutrisi tanah masam rendah. Sementara itu, jarak pagar merupakan tanaman yang dapat tumbuh di berbagai jenis tanah (termasuk lahan marjinal) dan penggunaannya sebagai bahan baku biodiesel. Oleh karena itu, perlunya penelitian mengenai pertumbuhan jarak pagar pada tanah masam sebagai upaya untuk mengembangkan jarak pagar dan penggunaannya di Indonesia.Untuk memulai upaya, penelitian tentang berbagai genotipe jarak pagar di tanah masam telah dilakukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mempelajari genotipe jarak pagar yang berpotensi untuk tanah masam. Penelitian ini dilakukan di UPTD Pengembangan Teknologi Lahan Kering Singabraja, Kecamatan Tenjo, Bogor, Jawa Barat, dari November 2010-Agustus 201. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) dengan satu faktor yaitu genotipe. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan berbagai perbedaan pada pertumbuhan diantara genotipe-genotipe jarak pagar. Secara umum, ada lima genotipe jarak pagar yang terbaik di tanah masam (pH 5.0) yaitu Medan I-5-1, Dompu, IP-2P-3-4-1, Sulawesi, dan Bima M.

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