scholarly journals HUMAN RESOURCES TRAINING IN BIOTECHNOLOGY: MICROALGAE FOR BIOFUEL AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT.

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Iracema De Oliveira Moraes ◽  
Regina De Oliveira Moraes Arruda ◽  
Rodrigo De Oliveira Moraes ◽  
Maria Josiane Conti Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Competitive Price ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Very High

The most promising and innovative alternative to biodiesel production is presented by the algae (micro and macroalgae), which have been classified by scientists as a source of third generation biofuels. The large-scale production of biodiesel from microalgae and macroalgae bioethanol production will happen much faster than you think. It is believed that its full commercialization is possible within a few years, and with a competitive price compared to diesel produced from petroleum, the same occurring for bioethanol. The use of seaweed as a feedstock for the production of biofuels has been seen as a less environmentally impactful as the biomass produced on the continent and its potential is very high. Several groups in Latin America (Brazil, of course) are studying micro and macroalgae not only for biofuels production (biodiesel, bioethanol, biohydrogen) but also to do wastewater treatment. This paper will discuss the presentations done in four annual courses (2010, 2011, 2012, 2013) promoted by the Biotechnology Brazilian Argentine Center, BBAC, and offered to fellowships (sixteen per year), from Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, Paraguay and Uruguay. Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis was chosen as a cyanobacteria model in the courses, due to its feasibility of cultivation, many publications about the subject and the existence of strains isolated in Brazil.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Glycerol Catalytic Valorization: A Review

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1279
Author(s):  
Manuel Checa ◽  
Sergio Nogales-Delgado ◽  
Vicente Montes ◽  
José María Encinar
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Technological Limitations

Once a biorefinery is ready to operate, the main processed materials need to be completely evaluated in terms of many different factors, including disposal regulations, technological limitations of installation, the market, and other societal considerations. In biorefinery, glycerol is the main by-product, representing around 10% of biodiesel production. In the last few decades, the large-scale production of biodiesel and glycerol has promoted research on a wide range of strategies in an attempt to valorize this by-product, with its transformation into added value chemicals being the strategy that exhibits the most promising route. Among them, C3 compounds obtained from routes such as hydrogenation, oxidation, esterification, etc. represent an alternative to petroleum-based routes for chemicals such as acrolein, propanediols, or carboxylic acids of interest for the polymer industry. Another widely studied and developed strategy includes processes such as reforming or pyrolysis for energy, clean fuels, and materials such as activated carbon. This review covers recent advances in catalysts used in the most promising strategies considering both chemicals and energy or fuel obtention. Due to the large variety in biorefinery industries, several potential emergent valorization routes are briefly summarized.

Cleaning of gas and air emissions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alleksandr Lukanin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Resource Conservation ◽  
Air Emissions ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Dangerous Substances

The monograph examines the currently existing industrial gas emissions in the chemical, petrochemical, microbiological, pharmaceutical and related industries, methods for calculating their quantity and methods for protecting the air basin from them. The materials are based on an in-depth analysis of methods for cleaning frequently occurring, most dangerous substances that enter the Earth's atmosphere with waste gases of large-scale production. Recommendations are given on methods for calculating gross emissions of harmful substances for a large number of specific industries. The subject of the monograph is related to the scientific areas "Technosphere safety" and "Engineering environmental protection", training profiles: engineering environmental protection of localities, engineering environmental protection of industrial enterprises and environmental protection and resource conservation. It will be of interest to engineering and technical staff, graduate students and teachers.

scholarly journals Balancing Boutique-Level Quality and Large-Scale Production: The Impact of “More Product, Less Process” on Digitization in Archives and Special Collections

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan C. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Special Collections ◽  
Professional Journals ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Archival Processing

Introduction Few writings within the realms of archives and special collections have reverberated throughout the field to the degree of Mark A. Greene and Dennis Meissner’s 2005 article “More Product, Less Process: Revamping Traditional Archival Processing.”1 Its clarion call to shift archival arrangement and description away from time-consuming, detailed processes toward rapid, minimalist strategies was met with both cheers and groans that continue unabated. In a sign of its ubiquity, the approach advocated by Greene and Meissner is now simply referred to as “MPLP,” and its implementation is the subject of ongoing discussion in numerous venues, including professional journals, conference . . .

Production ofBacillus amyloliquefaciensOG and its metabolites in renewable media: valorisation for biodiesel production andp-xylene decontamination

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augusto Etchegaray ◽  
François Coutte ◽  
Gabrielle Chataigné ◽  
Max Béchet ◽  
Ramon H.Z. dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Specific Production ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Promote Plant Growth ◽  
Acetoin Production

Biosurfactants are important in many areas; however, costs impede large-scale production. This work aimed to develop a global sustainable strategy for the production of biosurfactants by a novel strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Initially, Bacillus sp. strain 0G was renamed B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum (syn. Bacillus velezensis) after analysis of the gyrA and gyrB DNA sequences. Growth in modified Landy’s medium produced 3 main recoverable metabolites: surfactin, fengycin, and acetoin, which promote plant growth. Cultivation was studied in the presence of renewable carbon (as glycerol) and nitrogen (as arginine) sources. While diverse kinetics of acetoin production were observed in different media, similar yields (6–8 g·L–1) were obtained after 72 h of growth. Glycerol increased surfactin-specific production, while arginine increased the yields of surfactin and fengycin and increased biomass significantly. The specific production of fengycin increased ∼10 times, possibly due to a connecting pathway involving arginine and ornithine. Adding value to crude extracts and biomass, both were shown to be useful, respectively, for the removal of p-xylene from contaminated water and for biodiesel production, yielding ∼70 mg·g–1cells and glycerol, which could be recycled in novel media. This is the first study considering circular bioeconomy to lower the production costs of biosurfactants by valorisation of both microbial cells and their primary and secondary metabolites.

Enzyme engineering and the anatomy of equilibrium technology

1977 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl-Göran Hedén
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Immobilized Enzymes ◽  
Enzyme Engineering ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Global Impact ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Global Problems ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Industrial Use

To talk about enzyme engineering in a context of global problems might seem easy, because the subject is so dynamic and its ramifications so numerous. One might for instance talk about the industrial use of immobilized enzymes to achieve steroid transformations suitable for large-scale production of drugs reducing fertility, or one could describe the application of the same technique for chopping off side-chains of penicillin and other antibiotics as a first step in the production of new semisynthetic drugs, that certainly have a global impact. Or it would be tempting to review the potential of enzyme engineering for synthesizing physiologically active polypeptides that find use in husbandry or medicine.

Sialon Ceramics Sintered with Yttria and Rare Earth Oxides

1992 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thommy EkstrÖm
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rare Earth Oxides ◽  
Boundary Phase ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACTDense single-phase α-, β- and O′-sialon cermics or mixed sialon ceramics without a glassy grain-boundary phase can be prepared at high temperatures and pressures, and these materials are well suited for high-temperature use, but they are usually brittle. Additional quantities of oxides of group IIIB metals in the periodic table are often added as sintering aids to achieve pressureless sintering and thereby to allow more complicated shapes to be manufactured directly and at lower costs. The most common additive is yttria, but the rare earth oxides are also of interest. All these oxides will promote the growth of elongated β crystals in the microstructure, and the fracture toughness will be improved considerably. Low-cost oxides like Nd2O3, La2O3 or CeO2 may replace Y2O3 without significantly impairing the mechanical properties at room temperature. The expensive rare-earth oxides like Sm2O3, Dy2O3 or Yb2O3 have been found to be as good additives as yttria, or even better, but improvements in mechanical properties are generally small and do not justify the use of these additives in large-scale production. The residual intergranular glassy phase usually found in the microstructure of metal-oxide-doped sialons will deteriorate the properties at very high temperatures, and this type of material is best suited for use at operation temperatures below 900-1000°C.

scholarly journals The Perspective of Large-Scale Production of Algae Biodiesel

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8181
Author(s):  
Mladen Bošnjaković ◽  
Nazaruddin Sinaga
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Algae Biomass ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Algae Biodiesel ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Algal Biodiesel ◽  
The Impact

We have had high expectations for using algae biodiesel for many years, but the quantities of biodiesel currently produced from algae are tiny compared to the quantities of conventional diesel oil. Furthermore, no comprehensive analysis of the impact of all factors on the market production of algal biodiesel has been made so far. This paper aims to analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats associated with algal biodiesel, to evaluate its production prospects for the biofuels market. The results of the analysis show that it is possible to increase the efficiency of algae biomass production further. However, because the production of this biodiesel is an energy-intensive process, the price of biodiesel is high. Opportunities for more economical production of algal biodiesel are seen in integration with other processes, such as wastewater treatment, but this does not ensure large-scale production. The impact of state policies and laws is significant in the future of algal biodiesel production. With increasingly stringent environmental requirements, electric cars are a significant threat to biodiesel production. By considering all the influencing factors, it is not expected that algal biodiesel will gain an essential place in the fuel market.

I. S. A. Baud. Forms of Production and Women's Labour: Gender Aspects of Industrialisation in India and Mexico. New Delhi: Sage Publications. 1992. 321 pp.Hardbound. Price: Indian Rs 295.00.

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-131
Author(s):  
Naureen Talha
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Commodity Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Mexican Society ◽  
Small Production

The literature on female labour in Third World countries has become quite extensive. India, being comparatively more advanced industrially, and in view of its size and population, presents a pictures of multiplicity of problems which face the female labour market. However, the author has also included Mexico in this analytical study. It is interesting to see the characteristics of developing industrialisation in two different societies: the Indian society, which is conservative, and the Mexican society, which is progressive. In the first chapter of the book, the author explains that he is not concerned with the process of industrialisation and female labour employed at different levels of work, but that he is interested in forms of production and women's employment in large-scale production, petty commodity production, marginal small production, and self-employment in the informal sector. It is only by analysis of these forms that the picture of females having a lower status is understood in its social and political setting.

An Efficient and Improved Process for the Synthesis of Itopride Hydrochloride and Trimethobenzamide Hydrochloride

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ponnusamy Kannan ◽  
Samuel I.D. Presley ◽  
Pallikondaperumal Shanmugasundaram ◽  
Nagapillai Prakash ◽  
Deivanayagam Easwaramoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Hydrochloride Salt ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Non Ulcer Dyspepsia ◽  
Itopride Hydrochloride ◽  
Yield And Purity

Aim and Objective: Itopride is a prokinetic agent used for treating conditions like non-ulcer dyspepsia. Itopride is administered as its hydrochloride salt. Trimethobenzamide is used for treating nausea and vomiting and administered as its hydrochloride salt. The aim is to develop a novel and environmental friendly method for large-scale production of itopride and trimethobenzamide. Materials and Methods: Itopride and trimethobenzamide can be prepared from a common intermediate 4- (dimethylaminoethoxy) benzyl amine. The intermediate is prepared from one pot synthesis using Phyrdroxybenzaldehye and zinc dust and further reaction of the intermediate with substituted methoxy benzoic acid along with boric acid and PEG gives itopride and trimethobenzamide. Results: The intermediate 4-(dimethylaminoethoxy) benzylamine is prepared by treating p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 2-dimethylaminoethyl chloride. The aldehyde formed is treated with hydroxylamine hydrochloride. The intermediate is confirmed by NMR and the purity is analysed by HPLC. Conclusion: Both itopride and trimethobenzamide were successfully synthesized by this method. The developed method is environmental friendly, economical for large-scale production with good yield and purity.

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