Enzyme engineering and the anatomy of equilibrium technology

1977 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl-Göran Hedén
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Immobilized Enzymes ◽  
Enzyme Engineering ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Global Impact ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Global Problems ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Industrial Use

To talk about enzyme engineering in a context of global problems might seem easy, because the subject is so dynamic and its ramifications so numerous. One might for instance talk about the industrial use of immobilized enzymes to achieve steroid transformations suitable for large-scale production of drugs reducing fertility, or one could describe the application of the same technique for chopping off side-chains of penicillin and other antibiotics as a first step in the production of new semisynthetic drugs, that certainly have a global impact. Or it would be tempting to review the potential of enzyme engineering for synthesizing physiologically active polypeptides that find use in husbandry or medicine.

Cleaning of gas and air emissions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alleksandr Lukanin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Resource Conservation ◽  
Air Emissions ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Dangerous Substances

The monograph examines the currently existing industrial gas emissions in the chemical, petrochemical, microbiological, pharmaceutical and related industries, methods for calculating their quantity and methods for protecting the air basin from them. The materials are based on an in-depth analysis of methods for cleaning frequently occurring, most dangerous substances that enter the Earth's atmosphere with waste gases of large-scale production. Recommendations are given on methods for calculating gross emissions of harmful substances for a large number of specific industries. The subject of the monograph is related to the scientific areas "Technosphere safety" and "Engineering environmental protection", training profiles: engineering environmental protection of localities, engineering environmental protection of industrial enterprises and environmental protection and resource conservation. It will be of interest to engineering and technical staff, graduate students and teachers.

scholarly journals Balancing Boutique-Level Quality and Large-Scale Production: The Impact of “More Product, Less Process” on Digitization in Archives and Special Collections

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan C. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Special Collections ◽  
Professional Journals ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Archival Processing

Introduction Few writings within the realms of archives and special collections have reverberated throughout the field to the degree of Mark A. Greene and Dennis Meissner’s 2005 article “More Product, Less Process: Revamping Traditional Archival Processing.”1 Its clarion call to shift archival arrangement and description away from time-consuming, detailed processes toward rapid, minimalist strategies was met with both cheers and groans that continue unabated. In a sign of its ubiquity, the approach advocated by Greene and Meissner is now simply referred to as “MPLP,” and its implementation is the subject of ongoing discussion in numerous venues, including professional journals, conference . . .

scholarly journals Glycosyltransferase engineering for carbohydrate synthesis

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. McArthur ◽  
Xi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Directed Evolution ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Enzyme Engineering ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Donor And Acceptor ◽  
Substrate Binding Sites

Glycosyltransferases (GTs) are powerful tools for the synthesis of complex and biologically-important carbohydrates. Wild-type GTs may not have all the properties and functions that are desired for large-scale production of carbohydrates that exist in nature and those with non-natural modifications. With the increasing availability of crystal structures of GTs, especially those in the presence of donor and acceptor analogues, crystal structure-guided rational design has been quite successful in obtaining mutants with desired functionalities. With current limited understanding of the structure–activity relationship of GTs, directed evolution continues to be a useful approach for generating additional mutants with functionality that can be screened for in a high-throughput format. Mutating the amino acid residues constituting or close to the substrate-binding sites of GTs by structure-guided directed evolution (SGDE) further explores the biotechnological potential of GTs that can only be realized through enzyme engineering. This mini-review discusses the progress made towards GT engineering and the lessons learned for future engineering efforts and assay development.

scholarly journals HUMAN RESOURCES TRAINING IN BIOTECHNOLOGY: MICROALGAE FOR BIOFUEL AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT.

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Iracema De Oliveira Moraes ◽  
Regina De Oliveira Moraes Arruda ◽  
Rodrigo De Oliveira Moraes ◽  
Maria Josiane Conti Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Competitive Price ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Very High

The most promising and innovative alternative to biodiesel production is presented by the algae (micro and macroalgae), which have been classified by scientists as a source of third generation biofuels. The large-scale production of biodiesel from microalgae and macroalgae bioethanol production will happen much faster than you think. It is believed that its full commercialization is possible within a few years, and with a competitive price compared to diesel produced from petroleum, the same occurring for bioethanol. The use of seaweed as a feedstock for the production of biofuels has been seen as a less environmentally impactful as the biomass produced on the continent and its potential is very high. Several groups in Latin America (Brazil, of course) are studying micro and macroalgae not only for biofuels production (biodiesel, bioethanol, biohydrogen) but also to do wastewater treatment. This paper will discuss the presentations done in four annual courses (2010, 2011, 2012, 2013) promoted by the Biotechnology Brazilian Argentine Center, BBAC, and offered to fellowships (sixteen per year), from Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, Paraguay and Uruguay. Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis was chosen as a cyanobacteria model in the courses, due to its feasibility of cultivation, many publications about the subject and the existence of strains isolated in Brazil.

I. S. A. Baud. Forms of Production and Women's Labour: Gender Aspects of Industrialisation in India and Mexico. New Delhi: Sage Publications. 1992. 321 pp.Hardbound. Price: Indian Rs 295.00.

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-131
Author(s):  
Naureen Talha
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Commodity Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Mexican Society ◽  
Small Production

The literature on female labour in Third World countries has become quite extensive. India, being comparatively more advanced industrially, and in view of its size and population, presents a pictures of multiplicity of problems which face the female labour market. However, the author has also included Mexico in this analytical study. It is interesting to see the characteristics of developing industrialisation in two different societies: the Indian society, which is conservative, and the Mexican society, which is progressive. In the first chapter of the book, the author explains that he is not concerned with the process of industrialisation and female labour employed at different levels of work, but that he is interested in forms of production and women's employment in large-scale production, petty commodity production, marginal small production, and self-employment in the informal sector. It is only by analysis of these forms that the picture of females having a lower status is understood in its social and political setting.

An Efficient and Improved Process for the Synthesis of Itopride Hydrochloride and Trimethobenzamide Hydrochloride

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 572-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ponnusamy Kannan ◽  
Samuel I.D. Presley ◽  
Pallikondaperumal Shanmugasundaram ◽  
Nagapillai Prakash ◽  
Deivanayagam Easwaramoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Hydrochloride Salt ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Non Ulcer Dyspepsia ◽  
Itopride Hydrochloride ◽  
Yield And Purity

Aim and Objective: Itopride is a prokinetic agent used for treating conditions like non-ulcer dyspepsia. Itopride is administered as its hydrochloride salt. Trimethobenzamide is used for treating nausea and vomiting and administered as its hydrochloride salt. The aim is to develop a novel and environmental friendly method for large-scale production of itopride and trimethobenzamide. Materials and Methods: Itopride and trimethobenzamide can be prepared from a common intermediate 4- (dimethylaminoethoxy) benzyl amine. The intermediate is prepared from one pot synthesis using Phyrdroxybenzaldehye and zinc dust and further reaction of the intermediate with substituted methoxy benzoic acid along with boric acid and PEG gives itopride and trimethobenzamide. Results: The intermediate 4-(dimethylaminoethoxy) benzylamine is prepared by treating p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 2-dimethylaminoethyl chloride. The aldehyde formed is treated with hydroxylamine hydrochloride. The intermediate is confirmed by NMR and the purity is analysed by HPLC. Conclusion: Both itopride and trimethobenzamide were successfully synthesized by this method. The developed method is environmental friendly, economical for large-scale production with good yield and purity.

scholarly journals Cyanobacteria—From the Oceans to the Potential Biotechnological and Biomedical Applications

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Shaden A. M. Khalifa ◽  
Eslam S. Shedid ◽  
Essa M. Saied ◽  
Amir Reza Jassbi ◽  
Fatemeh H. Jamebozorgi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Marine Products ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
Successful Phase

Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotic organisms which represent a significant source of novel, bioactive, secondary metabolites, and they are also considered an abundant source of bioactive compounds/drugs, such as dolastatin, cryptophycin 1, curacin toyocamycin, phytoalexin, cyanovirin-N and phycocyanin. Some of these compounds have displayed promising results in successful Phase I, II, III and IV clinical trials. Additionally, the cyanobacterial compounds applied to medical research have demonstrated an exciting future with great potential to be developed into new medicines. Most of these compounds have exhibited strong pharmacological activities, including neurotoxicity, cytotoxicity and antiviral activity against HCMV, HSV-1, HHV-6 and HIV-1, so these metabolites could be promising candidates for COVID-19 treatment. Therefore, the effective large-scale production of natural marine products through synthesis is important for resolving the existing issues associated with chemical isolation, including small yields, and may be necessary to better investigate their biological activities. Herein, we highlight the total synthesized and stereochemical determinations of the cyanobacterial bioactive compounds. Furthermore, this review primarily focuses on the biotechnological applications of cyanobacteria, including applications as cosmetics, food supplements, and the nanobiotechnological applications of cyanobacterial bioactive compounds in potential medicinal applications for various human diseases are discussed.

scholarly journals A Review on Additive Manufacturing Possibilities for Electrical Machines

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1940
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman Naseer ◽  
Ants Kallaste ◽  
Bilal Asad ◽  
Toomas Vaimann ◽  
Anton Rassõlkin
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electrical Machines ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
One Step ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

This paper presents current research trends and prospects of utilizing additive manufacturing (AM) techniques to manufacture electrical machines. Modern-day machine applications require extraordinary performance parameters such as high power-density, integrated functionalities, improved thermal, mechanical & electromagnetic properties. AM offers a higher degree of design flexibility to achieve these performance parameters, which is impossible to realize through conventional manufacturing techniques. AM has a lot to offer in every aspect of machine fabrication, such that from size/weight reduction to the realization of complex geometric designs. However, some practical limitations of existing AM techniques restrict their utilization in large scale production industry. The introduction of three-dimensional asymmetry in machine design is an aspect that can be exploited most with the prevalent level of research in AM. In order to take one step further towards the enablement of large-scale production of AM-built electrical machines, this paper also discusses some machine types which can best utilize existing developments in the field of AM.

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