Identification of social and economic problems based on the assessment analysis of the process of decentralization of power in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye. Matviishyn
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Disabled Persons ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Qualified Personnel ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
The Impact

Problem setting. It is important to assess the compliance of the results of the decentralization reform in Ukraine with the population expectations regarding the changes caused by the reform, in particular, the formation of amalgamated territorial communities (ATCs). Attention should be paid to identifying social and economic problems that require further measures to solve them.Recent research and publications analysis. Administrative reforms are continuous in each country and provide for identifying shortcomings and upgrading public administration. Ukrainian scientists proposed a method for assessing the impact of administrative and financial decentralization mechanisms on the social and economic development of regions, districts, cities, and territorial communities. Experts and scientists analyzed the implementation of projects in decentralization, compared Ukrainian and foreign decentralization models.Highlighting previously unsettled parts of the general problem. An important task in terms of the future social and economic development of Ukraine is identifying problems that are still unresolved or are due to the process of decentralization of power in Ukraine. The article is to reveal such problems based on the assessment analysis of this process.Paper main body. Decentralization of power is considered one of the most successful reforms in Ukraine implemented after 2014. The success was based on the clarity of intentions announced by the authorities, the interest of communities in obtaining greater resources and powers, as well as their ability to implement their local development initiatives. A network of Administrative Service Centers (ASCs) has been developed in Ukraine, which can be considered an important achievement of the administrative reform. However, 46–63% of respondents noted a deterioration in the following areas: combating corruption in government; care for vulnerable groups (pensioners, disabled persons); medical care; providing jobs, and combating unemployment. The problems of newly created ATCs included: lack of qualified personnel; strengthening political monopolies that control resources in communities; phenomena when some ATC leaders felt permissive in their new status. Although the number of full-time employees in ATC self-government bodies has generally decreased compared to the total number of employees in the bodies of non-integrated settlements, “inflating” of the salaries of officials takes place.The survey in 2020 reflected the people’s opinion that decentralization of power has led to a deterioration in environmental protection management. The analysis showed that the opinions of respondents on the priority of environmental protection tasks differ significantly depending on their level of education. In particular, when people were asked about the powers that should be primarily exercised by local governments, the distribution of answers on “Environmental Protection” was as follows among the educational social groups: incomplete secondary and lower – 9,9%, full secondary – 19,8%, secondary vocational – 18,4%, and higher – 26,7%. This might be influenced by the amount of environmental knowledge gained. The coronavirus pandemic has apparently led to the creation of conditions for improving the health situation which, according to the new local governments, is one of their key priorities.Conclusions of the research and prospects for further studies. Based on the research results by reputable organizations, the following general social and economic problems have been identified that need to be solved: corruption in government; social vulnerability of pensioners and disabled persons; insufficiently effective medical care; unemployment; armed conflict in eastern Ukraine; and improper environmental management. Problems of some newly created ATCs included: lack of qualified personnel; “inflating” the salaries of officials; strengthening political monopolies that control resources in communities; a sense of permissiveness of “local princes”; lack of a clear list of measures in case of epidemics, natural or man-made disasters; and lack of projects designed to stimulate long-term community development.

Asymmetrical Attribution of Performance in China

Asian Survey ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 978-1003
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Chen Chen ◽  
Jun Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Cultural Theory ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Multilevel Mediation ◽  
Dual Pathway ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact

Existing studies of the impact of economic development on political trust in China have two major gaps: they fail to explain how economic development contributes to the hierarchical trust pattern, and they do not pay enough attention to the underlying mechanisms. In light of cultural theory and political control theory, we propose adapting performance theory into a theory of “asymmetrical attribution of performance” to better illuminate the case of China. This adapted theory leads to dual pathway theses: expectation fulfillment and local blaming. Using a multilevel mediation model, we show that expectation fulfillment mainly upholds trust in the central government, whereas local blaming undermines trust in local governments. We also uncover a rural–urban distinction in the dual pathway, revealing that both theses are more salient among rural Chinese.

scholarly journals Corporate Environmental Performance in China: The Moderating Effects of the Media versus the Approach of Local Governments

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Zhiru Guo ◽  
Chao Lu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Corporate Environmental Performance ◽  
Media Attention ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

This article selects the listed companies in China’s A-share heavy pollution industry from 2014 to 2018 as samples, uses a random effect model to empirically test the relationship between media attention and corporate environmental performance and examines the impacts of local government environmental protection and property nature on that relationship. Results are as follow: (1) Media attention can significantly affect a company’s environmental performance. The higher the media attention, the greater the company’s supervision and the better its environmental performance. (2) In areas where the government pays less attention to environmental protection, the impact of media on corporate environmental performance is more obvious, but in other areas, the impact of media on environmental performance cannot be reflected; (3) The media attention is very significant for the environmental performance improvement of state-owned enterprises, and it is not obvious in non-state-owned enterprises. (4) A further breakdown of the study found that the role of media attention in corporate environmental performance is only significant in the sample of local governments that have low environmental protection and are state-owned enterprises. This research incorporates the local government’s emphasis on environmental protection into the research field of vision, expands the research scope of media and corporate environmental performance, and also provides new clues and evidence for promoting the active fulfillment of environmental protection responsibilities by companies and local governments.

THE PROBLEMS OF INCREASING COMPETITIVENESS OF THE ENTERPRISE AND THE DIGITIZATION OF REGIONAL ECONOMY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Gasanov ◽  
Lin Lee ◽  
Wei Lyu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Strategy Of Development ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
The Impact

In this article the possibility of implementation of strategy of development and increase of competitiveness of firm in the conditions of the territory of the advancing social and economic development and digitalization is considered. The impact of digital technologies on firm competitiveness is becoming crucial and strategic.

Local content commitment and the link with indigenous economic development: a case study

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 500
Author(s):  
Michele Villa
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Indigenous Australians ◽  
Local Content ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Social Licence To Operate ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Impact

This extended abstract discusses local content opportunities in economic development for the Aboriginal community. Local content requirements have become a strategic community development consideration during the past few years. This abstract links the topics of local content commitments and indigenous economic development via leveraging relationships with indigenous contractors in Australia. The creation of indigenous businesses that strive to succeed in the market and compete with non-indigenous companies is key in developing sustainable working opportunities for indigenous Australians. Many oil and gas players have publicly committed to contribute to indigenous business participation offering contractual opportunities and designing capacity-building programs and initiatives. The market for indigenous contractors services is, therefore, rapidly growing and presents considerable opportunities for existing and new players providing services to the resources industry in Australia. The specific demand is driven by corporate social responsibility policies and by the limited capacity of suppliers to deliver what is required by large new and expansion projects in the resource (both mining/oil and gas) sectors in Australia to maintain their social licence to operate. We present the results of a survey about policies and practices of some of the leading oil and gas operators in Australia, highlighting best practices in indigenous business engagement. We also analyse (from interviews with indigenous enterprises) barriers and issues encountered so far in indigenous contracting. International examples about the impact that indigenous enterprises can have on local community social and economic development complement the survey. Note: the term indigenous as used in this extended abstract refers to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians.

Can Environmental Protection in Ecological Functional Zones Break Free from the Constraints of Focusing Just on Economic Benefits? — A Case Study of the Plateau Ecological Zone’s Tiamitcheen

2018 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 1850018
Author(s):  
Wei JIANG
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Ecological Protection ◽  
Functional Zones

Following the 2015 publication and revision of the 2008 National Ecological Functional Division, China, in 2017, added 240 counties (cities, districts, and banners) to its national key ecological functional zone system. Ecological functional zones, in practice, are often caught in a dilemma between environmental protection and economic development, with actions aimed at the promotion of locally-based economic advances frequently conflicting with the goals of ecological functional divisions. To investigate this dilemma, the paper selected Tiamitcheen County in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, a key ecological function zone, as the site for a field investigation, case study. The primary methodologies applied in this study included a questionnaire survey and in-depth interviews. Based on the observation of three main reasons for the dilemma between environmental protection and economic development, the author proposed that ecological functional zones should be further subdivided based on the National Ecological Functional Division according to the zones’ respective characteristics at the local level. More efforts should also go into better specifying the scope of ecological “red lines”, and to the demarcation of the boundaries of ecological functional core zones, buffer zones, and experimental zones. This would help in the formulation of local development planning, while at the same time increasing the support directed to ecological protection zones. In addition, “differentiated” and “greening” zoning assessment mechanisms should also be fully implemented, whereby different assessment factors and weights are established according to the characteristics of the different functional zones. An expanded array of economic indicators should also be delineated, which more specifically indicates the differences between ecological functional zones and other functional zones. This would, via a “differentiated” and “green” assessment system, help to ease the conflicts arising between local governments’ efforts at both economic promotion and ecological protection. Within ecological functional zones, it would also encourage local governments to break through the need to adhere strictly to efforts at economic promotion so as to ensure ecological security.

scholarly journals Financial strategy in the conditions of economic transformations

2021 ◽  
pp. 190-196
Author(s):  
Iryna Adamenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Financial Strategy ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
The Impact

Relevance of the research topic. In the conditions of economic transformations the financial strategy acts as the important economic lever of influence of public administration bodies on social and economic development of the country. The assessment of the mechanism of financial regulation in Ukraine indicates the need to develop the components of the financial system in conjunction with the transformational economic processes and the development of a sound financial strategy in accordance with the goals and objectives of social development. Formulation of the problem. The importance of developing a financial strategy in the context of economic transformation is due to the need to take into account the impact of internal and external challenges in the financial and economic environment, economic fluctuations due to the spread of the coronavirus pandemic. At the same time, the choice of financial strategy tools should be made taking into account the level of economic development of the country. Analysis of recent research and publications. The issue of developing a financial strategy is quite common in research. These are the works of famous domestic and foreign scientists: J. Keynes, P. Samuelson, J. Stiglitz, W. Tanzi, S. Kucherenko, L. Lysyak, L. Levaeva, I. Lukyanenko, V. Makohon, M. Pasichny, I. Chugunov and others. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. The above issues are relevant in connection with the deepening of economic transformation, the adverse impact of the Crown virus pandemic on the financial sector, which requires a number of specific tasks related to the development of financial strategy. Problem statement, research goals. The objectives of the study are: to reveal the role of financial strategy in the regulation of socio-economic processes, to substantiate the peculiarities of the development of the components of the financial system. The purpose of the study is to reveal the directions of financial strategy in the context of economic transformation. Method or methodology of the study. The article uses a set of research methods: a systematic approach, statistical analysis, structuring, analysis, synthesis, etc. Presentation of the main material (results of work). The role of financial strategy in the regulation of socio-economic processes is revealed, the peculiarities of formation and implementation of financial strategy are substantiated. The directions of financial strategy in the conditions of economic transformations are substantiated. Field of application of results. The results of the study can be used in the process of formation and implementation of financial policy of Ukraine, reforming the domestic financial system and its components. Conclusions in accordance with the article. The qualitative level of formation and implementation of financial strategy is determined by the system of financial institutions, the state of their development in a particular country aimed at ensuring economic growth and welfare of citizens. The functional purpose of financial strategy is the result of the evolution of the role and importance of state functions in socio-economic development. Depending on the dynamics of socio-economic processes, the tasks of the financial strategy and the tools for its implementation should be adjusted. The financial strategy in the conditions of economic transformations should be directed on formation of long-term potential of economic growth and increase of well-being of the population taking into account demographic tendencies and indicators of the macroeconomic forecast of social and economic development of the country.

scholarly journals The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-196
Author(s):  
Saša Stepanović
Keyword(s):  
Disabled Persons ◽  
Open Educational Resources ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Digital Learning ◽  
Care Provision ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Food Shortages ◽  
Care Of Elderly ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected education systems worldwide, leading to the mass closures of schools and universities. Since April 3, 2020, over 1.7 billion school and university students have stopped attending educational institutions due to their closure as part of efforts to stem the spread of the COVID-19 virus. Over 180 countries proceeded to close educational institutions across their territory, which has affected 97% of the global student population. Not only has the shutting down of schools impacted students, teachers and families, it has also had broader economic and social repercussions. The shutting down of schools as part of the response to COVID-19 has highlighted various social and economic problems such as digital learning, homelessness, food shortages, as well as health care, child care, the internet, housing, and the care of elderly and disabled persons. The impact has been even more severe on children with developmental disabilities and their families, since it has led to an interruption of education and to care provision difficulties, and therefore also to additional expenses for families prevented from working. As a response to the closing of schools, UNESCO has proposed the implementation of distance education programs and open educational resources and platforms which could be used by schools and teachers so as to be accessible to every student, thus limiting the interruption and disruption of teaching and education.

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