scholarly journals Riesgos industriales y la ingeniería de riesgos

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Alfredo Arroyo Santa Cruz
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Golden Gate ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Golden Gate Bridge

Estimados lectores de la Revista REBI, para su Comité Editorial es un placer hacerle llegar este nuestro cuarto número y volumen 2, en marco de una pandemia que nos ha hecho visualizar al mundo de una manera diferente. El objeto de la revista es ser un medio de difusión de los resultados originales e inéditos de las investigaciones realizadas por profesores, profesionales y estudiantes en las áreas de la ingeniería, tecnología y afines y que proporcionan una eminente contribución al conocimiento científico y tecnológico. Esta difusión cuenta el avance y estado del conocimiento y busca su divulgación y adecuado resguardo. Nuestros lectores y público al que destinamos la revista es principalmente la comunidad científica y académica en Bolivia, América Latina y el mundo.   Los riesgos industriales traen diversos efectos en los seres vivos, proceso y productos, los que nos ha hecho visualizar la ingeniería de manera diferente. En este marco, es emblemático la construcción del famoso Golden Gate Bridge (puente colgante la ciudad de San Francisco, USA), construido durante el período de 1933 a 1937. Es emblemático ya que por primera vez se da prioridad a la seguridad de los operarios, comenzando a utilizar lentes y cascos especiales, debido a los vientos que eran sujetos durante su trabajo. Además, para limitar los riesgos de pérdidas de vidas humanas durante su construcción se instaló una red de seguridad. La misma salvó la vida de 19 hombres que, durante su construcción cayeron al vacío. Hasta febrero de 1937, cuando un andamio cae con diez (10) personas y, cuyo peso, la malla no fue capaz de soportar ocasionando un accidente fatal.    Un riesgo representa un daño potencial, el cual debe ser limitado para minimizar sus posibles efectos. Actualmente, la Ingeniería de Riesgos es una rama especializada que considera el análisis, diseño y desarrollo de programas de control de riesgos de todo tipo, no sólo los debidos a los procesos industriales, siendo una carrera en auge a nivel global.  Para esta carrera existen diferentes ramas que van desde el análisis para la prevención, hasta especializados como riesgos y seguros o riesgos, seguridad y ambiente. En el marco de la pandemia del COVID-19, destaca la función de los ingenieros de estas especialidades que deben garantizar la productividad de los procesos y la salud de los trabajadores y consumidores finales. A ellos y al personal médico, enfermeras y trabajadores que, en general, todos los días

Marine Operation of Gas Turbine Engines and Waterjet Pumps for Small Passenger Vessels

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Kowleski ◽  
C. D. Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
High Speed ◽  
San Francisco Bay ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Golden Gate ◽  
Operational Problem ◽  
Golden Gate Bridge ◽  
Selection Of

This paper describes the planning, developmental, equipment selection and operational problem phases of the high-speed ferry system presently being operated on San Francisco Bay by the Golden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District. The reasons for the selection of the vessel propulsion package consisting of gas turbine engines and waterjet pumps are discussed in some detail. Most importantly, the paper covers the problems experienced to date with this equipment in continuous marine operation.

Bridge over troubled discourse: the influence of the Golden Gate Bridge on community discourse and suicide

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Gerald Caulkins
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
Physical Object ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Golden Gate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Golden Gate Bridge ◽  
Mirror Theory

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the Golden Gate Bridge (GGB) as a work of art and the role of the bridge in shaping community identity and discourse. Particular attention is focussed on the discourse surrounding mental illness and suicide, which perpetuate the problem of suicides involving the bridge as a means and mechanism of death. An analysis of the person who attempts or completes suicide is also performed. Design/methodology/approach – Multiple research articles, writings, and a cinematic production are drawn on to frame the argument in terms of Michel Foucault's adaption of Pantopticism Theory and Jacques Lacan's Mirror Theory, which includes the concepts of the Real, the Imaginary, and the Symbolic. Findings – The GGB is a major factor in shaping the discourse on mental illness and suicide in the San Francisco community. The influences the GGB exerts combines with and exacerbates a culture of stigma, which perpetuates negative discourse and increases the risk of suicides in those already vulnerable. Research limitations/implications – The research for this paper was performed at a distance and was conducted, with the exception of one personal communication, by literature search and application to theory. Ethnographic research would be a logical next step to study the phenomenon further. Practical implications – Theory developed from this paper could be used in determining a relevant course of action for adding to existing suicide prevention efforts in the San Francisco Area and any other community with a prominent icon, such as the GGB, that may be exerting a negative influence on the suicide rates of that area. Social implications – An awareness of how art, culture, and psychology interact would increase awareness of the creation of a stigmatized environment and perhaps precipitate a change in the underlying negative discourse. Originality/value – This paper takes a fresh look at the phenomenon of violent death by suicide where a physical object/icon (the GGB) is used as a means to die. The particular theories and approach used to explain the interactions that intensify the suicide death rate have never been combined and interwoven in such an interdisciplinary way to seek an explanation.

scholarly journals Under the Golden Gate bridge: views of the sea floor near the entrance to San Francisco Bay, California

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Dartnell ◽  
Patrick L. Barnard ◽  
John L. Chin ◽  
Daniel Hanes ◽  
Rikk G. Kvitek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
San Francisco Bay ◽  
Golden Gate ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Golden Gate Bridge

ARCHITECTURAL PLANNING PRINCIPLES OF URBAN BRIDGES RECONSTRUCTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Elizaveta V. KOSENKOVA ◽  
Denis V. LITVINOV
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Golden Gate ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Architectural Planning ◽  
Golden Gate Bridge ◽  
The City ◽  
Millennium Bridge

The bridges and overpasses of the city of Samara are considered, their main characteristics are identifi ed. A brief historical background of the appearance of the fi rst bridges as simple engineering structures is given, the main temporary periods are highlighted. Examples of implemented solutions that characterize the main stages of the history of bridge construction are given: the Hohenzollern Bridge in Cologne, the Millennium Bridge in Gateshead, the Ponte Vecchio Bridge in Florence, the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, the Russian Bridge in Vladivostok, the String Bridge in Jerusalem. The analysis helps to understand how a modern bridge, located in the city building system, aff ects it, complements and enriches it, combines many functions and advanced technologies, and also has architectural expressiveness.

scholarly journals A Study of the Effects of the San Francisco Oil Spill on Marine Organisms

1973 ◽  
Vol 1973 (1) ◽  
pp. 741-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon L. Chan
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Present Condition ◽  
Golden Gate ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
Golden Gate Bridge

ABSTRACT The San Francisco oil spill occurred on January 18, 1971, during the early morning hours when two Standard Oil vessels collided almost directly under the Golden Gate Bridge, releasing 840,000 gallons of Bunker C fuel. This asphalt-like oil was washed up on intertidal shores of the area. Duxbury Reef, northwest of the Golden Gate Bridge, is literally the “backyard” of the author and the College of Marin's Bolinas Marine Station staff. Baseline transects have been established on this reef since 1958. The oil was heavily deposited on the reef's mussel beds and high tidal berm rocks. From comparative transect and laboratory observations, it was determined that marine organisms died from being smothered by the oil, with certain species, such as acorn barnacles and limpets, suffering the highest mortality at Sausalito and on Duxbury Reef. Comparison of pre-oil and post-oil transect counts showed there was a significant decrease in marine life after the oil spill on the reef Marine snails suffered less mortality than the sessile barnacles and other sedentary animals. The normally large population of striped shore crabs is missing from the rocky crevices. Finally, marine algal blooms were also observed in certain reef localities. The present condition of Duxbury Reef (December, 1971) is one of apparent good health; the recruitment of some marine animals appear to be approaching normal levels. The oil has disappeared from much of the reef surfaces and is barely discernible in the most heavily deluged areas. Continued studies will be aimed at watching the effects of oil on the recruitment of marine life throughout the afflicted areas of the Marin County coastline.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Cost Effectiveness of a Suicide Barrier on the Golden Gate Bridge

Crisis ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayna Atkins Whitmer ◽  
David Lauren Woods
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Golden Gate ◽  
Golden Gate Bridge ◽  
The Cost

Background: The Golden Gate Bridge (GGB) is a well-known “suicide magnet” and the site of approximately 30 suicides per year. Recently, a suicide barrier was approved to prevent further suicides. Aims: To estimate the cost-effectiveness of the proposed suicide barrier, we compared the proposed costs of the barrier over a 20-year period ($51.6 million) to estimated reductions in mortality. Method: We reviewed San Francisco and Golden Gate Bridge suicides over a 70-year period (1936–2006). We assumed that all suicides prevented by the barrier would attempt suicide with alternative methods and estimated the mortality reduction based on the difference in lethality between GGB jumps and other suicide methods. Cost/benefit analyses utilized estimates of value of statistical life (VSL) used in highway projects. Results: GGB suicides occur at a rate of approximately 30 per year, with a lethality of 98%. Jumping from other structures has an average lethality of 47%. Assuming that unsuccessful suicides eventually committed suicide at previously reported (12–13%) rates, approximately 286 lives would be saved over a 20-year period at an average cost/life of approximately $180,419 i.e., roughly 6% of US Department of Transportation minimal VSL estimate ($3.2 million). Conclusions: Cost-benefit analysis suggests that a suicide barrier on the GGB would result in a highly cost-effective reduction in suicide mortality in the San Francisco Bay Area.

A Tale of Two Bridges: Comparative Suicide Incidence on the Golden Gate and San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridges

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Seiden ◽  
Mary Spence
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Golden Gate ◽  
Suicide Method ◽  
The World ◽  
Golden Gate Bridge ◽  
Official Records

The Golden Gate Bridge is currently the number one suicide site in the world. In contrast, the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, which was completed six months earlier, is located less than six miles away, and is the same height, has had substantially fewer suicides. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the differential suicide patterns at these two structures. Using official records available for the years from 1937 through 1979, the data were analyzed with regard to the respective contributions of availability, suggestion, and psychological/symbolic factors as they enter into the choice of suicide method and location.

Golden Gate Bridge Response: A Study with Low-Amplitude Data from Three Earthquakes

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Çelebi
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Vertical Vibration ◽  
Ambient Vibration ◽  
Golden Gate ◽  
Vibration Data ◽  
Response Data ◽  
Amplitude Data ◽  
Golden Gate Bridge ◽  
Low Amplitude

The dynamic response of the Golden Gate Bridge, located north of San Francisco, CA, has been studied previously using ambient vibration data and finite element models. Since permanent seismic instrumentation was installed in 1993, only small earthquakes that originated at distances varying between ~11 to 122 km have been recorded. Nonetheless, these records prompted this study of the response of the bridge to low amplitude shaking caused by three earthquakes. Compared to previous ambient vibration studies, the earthquake response data reveal a slightly higher fundamental frequency (shorter-period) for vertical vibration of the bridge deck center span (~7.7–8.3 s versus 8.2–10.6 s), and a much higher fundamental frequency (shorter period) for the transverse direction of the deck (~11.24–16.3 s versus ~18.2 s). In this study, it is also shown that these two periods are dominant apparent periods representing interaction between tower, cable, and deck.

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