scholarly journals Effectiveness of Adaptive Real-Time Closures for Managing Migratory Species in Data-Limited Multispecies Fisheries

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
MASAMI MUNEHARA ◽  
◽  
METHEE KAEWNERN ◽  
PAVAROT NORANARTTRAGOON ◽  
TAKASHI FRITZ MATSUISHI
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Migratory Species ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Multispecies Fisheries ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
The Mean

Fixed closure (FC) is a standard fisheries management tool for protecting sensitive species or species requiring conservation. However, an FC might not effectively manage migratory species because of the large uncertainties of their migration. Adaptive real-time closure (ARTC) is a tool that updates closure areas according to the latest information. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ARTC to conserve sensitive species for data-limited fisheries by a series of simulations using migration models with hotspots. In the single species simulation, the conservation ratio for the sensitive species in FC varies widely at greater migration uncertainty. In ARTC, a longer duration of a hotspot resulted in a higher conservation ratio. When the mean duration of hotspots was medium or long, the conservation ratio for the sensitive species was more than 50 % in more than 99 % of the simulation trials. In multispecies fisheries, a clear trade-off was observed between the conservation ratio of sensitive species and other species. ARTC was more effective than whole closure when the proportion of sensitive species was high or without closure when the proportion was low. Conditions in which ARTC was most appropriate were described for hotspot duration, increased numbers of individuals in a hotspot, and the relative value of conservation, representing the ratio of the value of conserving sensitive species to one of catching other species.

Exploring the RTI (real-time incentive) tariff-based approach to single-species fisheries management

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 ◽  
pp. 90-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah B.M. Kraak ◽  
Dave G. Reid ◽  
Edward A. Codling
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Single Species

Sky Segmentation for Enhanced Depth Reconstruction and Bokeh Rendering with Efficient Architectures

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (14) ◽  
pp. 378-1-378-7
Author(s):  
Tyler Nuanes ◽  
Matt Elsey ◽  
Radek Grzeszczuk ◽  
John Paul Shen
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Mobile Device ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Compact Model ◽  
High Quality ◽  
False Negatives ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Depth Reconstruction ◽  
Binary Classifiers

We present a high-quality sky segmentation model for depth refinement and investigate residual architecture performance to inform optimally shrinking the network. We describe a model that runs in near real-time on mobile device, present a new, highquality dataset, and detail a unique weighing to trade off false positives and false negatives in binary classifiers. We show how the optimizations improve bokeh rendering by correcting stereo depth misprediction in sky regions. We detail techniques used to preserve edges, reject false positives, and ensure generalization to the diversity of sky scenes. Finally, we present a compact model and compare performance of four popular residual architectures (ShuffleNet, MobileNetV2, Resnet-101, and Resnet-34-like) at constant computational cost.

Research on Video Encryption and Privacy Protection in Cloud Monitoring System Based on H.264

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingtao Wu ◽  
Zaihui Cao
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Encryption Algorithm ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Video Encryption ◽  
Wireless Multimedia ◽  
Monitoring Technology ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Cloud Monitoring

: Cloud monitoring technology is an important maintenance and management tool for cloud platforms.Cloud monitoring system is a kind of network monitoring service, monitoring technology and monitoring platform based on Internet. At present, the monitoring system is changed from the local monitoring to cloud monitoring, with the flexibility and convenience improved, but also exposed more security issues. Cloud video may be intercepted or changed in the transmission process. Most of the existing encryption algorithms have defects in real-time and security. Aiming at the current security problems of cloud video surveillance, this paper proposes a new video encryption algorithm based on H.264 standard. By using the advanced FMO mechanism, the related macro blocks can be driven into different Slice. The encryption algorithm proposed in this paper can encrypt the whole video content by encrypting the FMO sub images. The method has high real-time performance, and the encryption process can be executed in parallel with the coding process. The algorithm can also be combined with traditional scrambling algorithm, further improve the video encryption effect. The algorithm selects the encrypted part of the video data, which reducing the amount of data to be encrypted. Thus reducing the computational complexity of the encryption system, with faster encryption speed, improve real-time and security, suitable for transfer through mobile multimedia and wireless multimedia network.

scholarly journals Electrical stimulator with mechanomyography-based real-time monitoring, muscle fatigue detection, and safety shut-off: a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-468
Author(s):  
Jannatul Naeem ◽  
Nur Azah Hamzaid ◽  
Amelia Wong Azman ◽  
Manfred Bijak
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Clear Indication ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Electrical Stimulator ◽  
Fatigue Detection

AbstractFunctional electrical stimulation (FES) has been used to produce force-related activities on the paralyzed muscle among spinal cord injury (SCI) individuals. Early muscle fatigue is an issue in all FES applications. If not properly monitored, overstimulation can occur, which can lead to muscle damage. A real-time mechanomyography (MMG)-based FES system was implemented on the quadriceps muscles of three individuals with SCI to generate an isometric force on both legs. Three threshold drop levels of MMG-root mean square (MMG-RMS) feature (thr50, thr60, and thr70; representing 50%, 60%, and 70% drop from initial MMG-RMS values, respectively) were used to terminate the stimulation session. The mean stimulation time increased when the MMG-RMS drop threshold increased (thr50: 22.7 s, thr60: 25.7 s, and thr70: 27.3 s), indicating longer sessions when lower performance drop was allowed. Moreover, at thr70, the torque dropped below 50% from the initial value in 14 trials, more than at thr50 and thr60. This is a clear indication of muscle fatigue detection using the MMG-RMS value. The stimulation time at thr70 was significantly longer (p = 0.013) than that at thr50. The results demonstrated that a real-time MMG-based FES monitoring system has the potential to prevent the onset of critical muscle fatigue in individuals with SCI in prolonged FES sessions.

Nitrogen use efficiency: does a trade-off exist between the N productivity and the mean residence time within species?

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Y. Yuan ◽  
Han Y. H. Chen ◽  
Ling H. Li
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Mean Residence Time ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Controlled Experiments ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Mean

Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) can be divided into two components, i.e. N productivity (A) and the mean residence time (MRT). Controlled experiments indicate that there is not a trade-off between A and MRT within species, but this theory has not been well tested in field conditions. Here, we studied the A, MRT and NUE of Stipa krylovii Roshev. in a grassland over 4 years of N fertilisation experimentation. The three parameters (A, MRT and NUE) were significantly related to soil N supply and there was a negative relationship between A and MRT within this species (r = –0.775, P < 0.05), i.e. plants with higher A had lower MRT. Our results showed a trade-off between A and MRT within this Stipa species and this observed trade-off was attributed to different responses of A and MRT to soil fertility.

scholarly journals Survival analysis of a stochastic delay single-species system in polluted environment with psychological effect and pulse toxicant input

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangjun Dai ◽  
Suli Wang ◽  
Weizhi Xiong ◽  
Ni Li
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Psychological Effect ◽  
Polluted Environment ◽  
Population System ◽  
Stochastic Delay ◽  
Species Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Single Species Population

Abstract We propose and study a stochastic delay single-species population system in polluted environment with psychological effect and pulse toxicant input. We establish sufficient conditions for the extinction, nonpersistence in the mean, weak persistence, and strong persistence of the single-species population and obtain the threshold value between extinction and weak persistence. Finally, we confirm the efficiency of the main results by numerical simulations.

scholarly journals Feasibility study of real-time online text-based CBT to support self-management for people with type 1 diabetes: the Diabetes On-line Therapy (DOT) Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e001934
Author(s):  
Anne M Doherty ◽  
Anne Herrmann-Werner ◽  
Arann Rowe ◽  
Jennie Brown ◽  
Scott Weich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Instant Messaging ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Diabetes Distress ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Distress Scale

IntroductionThis study examines the feasibility of conducting diabetes-focused cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) via a secure online real-time instant messaging system intervention to support self-management and improve glycemic control in people with type 1 diabetes.Research design and methodsWe used a pre–post uncontrolled intervention design over 12 months. We recruited adults with type 1 diabetes and suboptimal glycemic control (HbA1c ≥69 mmol/mol (DCCT 8.5%) for 12 months) across four hospitals in London. The intervention comprised 10 sessions of diabetes-focused CBT delivered by diabetes specialist nurses. The primary outcomes were number of eligible patients, rates of recruitment and follow-up, number of sessions completed and SD of the main outcome measure, change in HbA1c over 12 months. We measured the feasibility of collecting secondary outcomes, that is, depression measured using Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), anxiety measured Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and the Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS).ResultsWe screened 3177 patients, of whom 638 were potentially eligible, from whom 71 (11.1%) were recruited. The mean age was 28.1 (13.1) years, and the mean HbA1c was 84.6 mmol/mol (17.8), DCCT 9.9%. Forty-six (65%) patients had at least 1 session and 29 (41%) completed all sessions. There was a significant reduction in HbA1c over 12 months (mean difference −6.2 (2.3) mmol/mol, DCCT 0.6%, p=0.038). The change scores in PHQ-9, GAD and DDS also improved.ConclusionsIt would be feasible to conduct a full-scale text-based synchronized real-time diabetes-focused CBT as an efficacy randomized controlled trial.

scholarly journals Utilization of laser interstitial thermotherapy guided by real-time thermal MRI as an alternative to separation surgery in the management of spinal metastasis

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio E. Tatsui ◽  
R. Jason Stafford ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Jonathan N. Sellin ◽  
Behrang Amini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Spinal Cord Compression ◽  
Spinal Metastasis ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Interstitial Thermotherapy

OBJECT High-grade malignant spinal cord compression is commonly managed with a combination of surgery aimed at removing the epidural tumor, followed by spinal stereotactic radiosurgery (SSRS) aimed at local tumor control. The authors here introduce the use of spinal laser interstitial thermotherapy (SLITT) as an alternative to surgery prior to SSRS. METHODS Patients with a high degree of epidural malignant compression due to radioresistant tumors were selected for study. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores for pain and quality of life were obtained before and within 30 and 60 days after treatment. A laser probe was percutaneously placed in the epidural space. Real-time thermal MRI was used to monitor tissue damage in the region of interest. All patients received postoperative SSRS. The maximum thickness of the epidural tumor was measured, and the degree of epidural spinal cord compression (ESCC) was scored in pre- and postprocedure MRI. RESULTS In the 11 patients eligible for study, the mean VAS score for pain decreased from 6.18 in the preoperative period to 4.27 within 30 days and 2.8 within 60 days after the procedure. A similar VAS interrogating the percentage of quality of life demonstrated improvement from 60% preoperatively to 70% within both 30 and 60 days after treatment. Imaging follow-up 2 months after the procedure demonstrated a significant reduction in the mean thickness of the epidural tumor from 8.82 mm (95% CI 7.38–10.25) before treatment to 6.36 mm (95% CI 4.65–8.07) after SLITT and SSRS (p = 0.0001). The median preoperative ESCC Grade 2 was scored as 4, which was significantly higher than the score of 2 for Grade 1b (p = 0.04) on imaging follow-up 2 months after the procedure. CONCLUTIONS The authors present the first report on an innovative minimally invasive alternative to surgery in the management of spinal metastasis. In their early experience, SLITT has provided local control with low morbidity and improvement in both pain and the quality of life of patients.

scholarly journals Balanced harvesting in fisheries: a preliminary analysis of management implications‡

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1668-1678 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Garcia ◽  
J. Rice ◽  
A. Charles
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Implementation Challenges ◽  
Multispecies Fisheries ◽  
Natural Productivity ◽  
Partial Implementation ◽  
Spawning Sites

Abstract Balanced harvest (BH) proposes to distribute a moderate mortality from fishing across the widest possible range of species, stocks, and sizes in an ecosystem, in proportion to their natural productivity so that the relative size and species composition are maintained, in line with the CBD requirement for sustainable use. This proposal has many and not always intuitive implications for fisheries management, e.g. in relation to selectivity, protection of juveniles and spawning sites, models of harvesting strategies, a focus on size and species, the impacts of discarding, aspects of emblematic species and ecosystem services, operational complexity, partial implementation, ecosystem rebuilding, and relations with broader management frameworks. The paper closes with a discussion of BH implementation, concluding that a logical step would be to integrate several separate initiatives to move fisheries into a more ecosystem-conscious context. Implementation challenges will be encountered, but there are lessons to be drawn from fishery ecosystems already close to BH, as in some tropical multispecies fisheries, and further, the implementation challenges are already being taken on in many well-managed fisheries and areas as management begins to address the realities of what ecosystem-based fishery management actually entails.

Diet mixing in an aquatic carnivore, the harbour seal

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 851-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J Trumble ◽  
Michael A Castellini
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Pacific Herring ◽  
Mixed Diet ◽  
Feeding Frequency ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Diet Mixing ◽  
Walleye Pollock Theragra Chalcogramma ◽  
Harbour Seals ◽  
The Mean

To determine the effects of diet mixing on digestive performance, harbour seals (Phoca vitulina L., 1758) were offered either pure diets of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii Valenciennes, 1847) or walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas, 1814)) or a 1:1 mix of herring and pollock. Regardless of diet, retention time decreased approximately 40% as intake quadrupled. The mean apparent digestible dry matter (ADDM) was greatest on mixed diets during low feeding frequency trials; ADDM during high feeding frequency trials was significantly reduced as intake increased for animals on the single-species (pollock or herring) diets. As intake increased, up to 45% more digestible energy was assimilated from the mixed diet than from either single-species diet. The findings of this study suggest that a mixed diet consisting of prey differing in lipid and protein amounts increased digestible energy intake in harbour seals. Our measures of intake and ADDM in harbour seals revealed digestive flexibility and indicated that digestion in harbour seals was more efficient on a mixed diet.

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