Effects of nano-scale nutrients supplement on natural productivity of Thalassiosira sp. and growth performance of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, reared under intensive conditions using concrete tank culture system

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of unique mixture of nano-nutrient to extent the growth of diatom Thalassiosira sp. and the effect to the water quality, growth performance, and protein composition on the whole body of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. There are four treatments with four replicates per treatment with the use of commercial nano-nutrients (Aquaritin Aquaculture or AA) namely: (1) 0.70 mg/L; (2) 0.525 mg/L, (3) 0.35 mg/L, and (4) without any AA application, but included standard application of using urea and NPK fertilizers to enhance the growth of diatom. The use of AA was successful to trigger the growth of Thalassiosira sp. Group of shrimp treated with 0.70 mg/L had better growth rate. Results of feeding trial indicated that adding AA could also improve the biomass, final mean weight, survival, percentage weight gain, and better feed utilization in terms of FCR. The addition of AA to enhance the growth of Thalassiosira sp. also provides a beneficial impact to the protein composition in whole body of shrimp. Biologically, the protein composition in the whole body of shrimp treated with 0.7 mg/L was higher. The findings from this study showed that the addition of commercial nano-nutrient could enhance the growth of Thalassiosira sp. and led to better growth of shrimp cultured in concrete tank Key words: Growth, Litopenaeus vannamei, nano-nutrients, protein composition, Thalassiosira sp. ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian yaitu mengevalusi penggunaan campuran unik nano-nutrien untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan diatom Thalassiosira sp. dan pengaruhnya terhadap kualitas air, laju pertumbuhan, dan komposisi protein pada tubuh udang L. vannamei. Terdapat empat perlakuan dan empat ulangan per perlakuan dengan penggunaan nano-nutrisi komersial (Aquaritin Aquaculture atau AA) yaitu: (1) 0,70 mg/L; (2) 0,525 mg/L; (3) 0,35 mg/L, dan (4) tanpa pemberian AA, tetapi menggunakan penerapan standar pupuk urea dan NPK untuk pertumbuhan diatom. Penggunaan AA berhasil memicu pertumbuhan Thalassiosira sp. Kelompok udang yang diberi perlakuan 0,70 mg/L memiliki laju pertumbuhan yang lebih baik. Hasil uji coba pemberian pakan menunjukkan bahwa penambahan AA juga dapat meningkatkan biomassa, bobot rata-rata akhir, kelangsungan hidup, persentase pertambahan bobot dan pemanfaatan pakan yang lebih baik dalam hal FCR. Penambahan AA untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan Thalassiosira sp. juga memberikan dampak yang menguntungkan bagi komposisi protein di seluruh tubuh udang. Secara biologis komposisi protein di tubuh udang dengan perlakuan 0,70 mg/L lebih tinggi. Hasil dari kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa penambahan nano-nutrien komersial dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan Thalassiosira sp. dan mendorong pertumbuhan udang bada sistem budidaya di bak beton. Kata kunci: Komposisi protein, Litopenaeus vannamei, nano-nutrien, pertumbuhan, Thalassiosira sp.

Natural Productivity, Morphometrics and Seasonal Distribution of Caulerva Racemosa

Caulerva racemosa seaweed is a superior commodity with both ecological and socio-economical benefits. It is technologically developed into different products which include antioxidants, antibiotics, medicinal ingredients, cosmetics as well as other organic products and also used conventionally as food ingredients for human’s consumption. Meanwhile, the presence of C. racemosa is observed to decrease as the exploitation rate is one of the factors affecting its stock in the nature. Changes in environmental conditions contribute majorly to its availability in aquatic ecosystems. Furthermore, natural factors in the form of seasonal changes that cause fluctuations in water dynamics are the main focus affecting its lifespan. The results showed that C. racemosa growth parameters, which include percentage cover, productivity, together with morphometrics, failed to be significantly affected by seasonal changes. Meanwhile, the highest percentage cover was found during the northern monsoon, which has an average value of 37.99 ± 7.67 (Average±STDEV), while the lowest was during the eastern monsoons with 28.03 ± 9.09 respectively. The best morphometric size was during the northern monsoon with a tallus dimension of 0.25 with an average of 0.201 ± 0.03 and length of 0.825 ± 0.16, a stolon length of 2.09 with an average of 1.95 ± 0.08, 9 stolon grains with an average of 8 ± 0.2. However, the grain diameter, as well as the biomass, was 0.85 gr and 0.054 gr with an average of 0.825 ± 0.22 gr and the grain biomass was with an average of 0.040 ± 0.01 and 0.041 gr with the best average stolon was 0.031 ± 0.01 g in the western season. The results showed that C. racemosa, which grows up in different seasons, having its highest productivity during the northern season and the lowest one was during the eastern season with an average value of 0.439 ± 0.36 kg/m2 as well as 0.326 ± 0.37 Kg/m2, respectively

STATE AND TRENDS OF FOREST MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT

Market regulation, dissatisfaction with the real demand for timber and forestry products, subject to the full and efficient use of their own raw materials and, finally, entering the external market are impossible without a radical change in the structure of the economy as a whole and restructuring of production. This should ensure the production of competitive products, their compliance with export requirements, the creation of favorable conditions for investment, as well as for changing forms of ownership, makes us look for adequate approaches to structural transformations and fundamentally new elements of structural policy in relation to the forestry complex. The forestry of Ukraine is now characterized by a crisis situation: the state of forests does not meet economic and environmental requirements, the forest area has decreased more than three times over the last millennium, an anthropogenic reformation of forest landscapes has occurred, a decrease in their natural productivity, and a depletion of biodiversity. Forest stands are depleted by excessive felling, their natural protective functions are lower than potentially possible. Due to the lack of investments, the rates of reforestation and afforestation remain low, and the disparity between the forest resource base, opportunities for forest exploitation and forest consumption has deepened. In this regard, the study of the current state of development of enterprises will provide an opportunity to constantly monitor and determine the prospects for development of forestry. The article analyzes the current state and prospects for the development of forestry. The forest fund is characterized, the priority directions of the forestry enterprise development are given. Analyzed the main financial and economic indicators and indicators of forestry. The main problems of its functioning and the ways of their solution are given. It is emphasized that the current state of forests and forestry indicates an urgent need to develop new foundations of forest management, which would take into account the need for a diverse and targeted use of forests, increase their sustainability, as well as the active introduction of expanded reproduction of forest resources, intensification of forest growth.

PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM BERWAWASAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP

In fact, if we reflect and re-understand the verses of the Koran, it has become clear that natural disasters and environmental crises are the result of human activity. Environmental damage has long been pointed out in the Koran. In Islam's view, human beings are actually Allah's creatures assigned as caliphs, as regulators, and maintainers of this earth. But the grievous reality that is happening right now is that it is increasingly complex and leads to uncontrolled conditions with increasing world population growth that exceeds the natural productivity capacity of the earth. A large population is a potential for advancing the country, but if it is not balanced with an adequate level of understanding of ecology then it means disaster. Humans now have openly exploited the natural resources on earth and forced the earth to give more than what the earth produced according to its capacity. So this is where the role of Islamic education is needed as a reminder and bearer of good news to humans so that they are always obedient and obedient to Allah's commands to be able to be a caliph who is able to preserve the environment on earth along with other creatures.

Advances in the use of photoheterotrophic, mixotrophic and multi-trophic systems in marine shrimp farming

The growth of aquaculture can cause different environmental impacts, from the use of large amounts of water to the excessive release of effluent. Shrimp farming can be done in different systems: extensive, semi-intensive, intensive and super-intensive. Extensive systems with low productivity (<500 kg ha-1 year-1), exhibit low technological levels and less control of environmental conditions. The semi-intensive system requires food supplementation, reasonable natural productivity, biomas yield of 3,000 - 5,000 kg ha-1 year-1) and water change (5 to 10 % day-1). To increase production, different culture systems are used, such as photoheterotrophic, heterotrophic and mixotrophic, with minimal water exchange (0.5 to 3 % day-1), providing greater biomass yield (intensive 10 to 20 ton ha-1 cycle-1 and super-intensive 20 up to 40 ton ha-1 cycle-1). These can be developed in nursery or grow-out tanks, but with high operating costs, high technological levels, disease control and better control of environmental conditions. However, intensive and super-intensive systems accumulate nitrogen, phosphorus and solid waste that can be transformed into biomass in multi-trophic aquaculture systems. In this review, we will discuss the effects of these systems on water quality and productivity of marine shrimp. The photoheterotrophic, mixotrophic and multi-trophic systems are interesting alternatives to the photoautotrophic systems in shrimp production, demonstrated by the higher zootechnical performance, as well as the environmental quality, since these models promote the minimum exchange of water and the transformation of nutrient residues in biomass.

Physico-chemical properties and associated active microbes of tea garden waste of Golaghat district of Assam, India

Tea Gardens generally produce two kinds of waste materials such as Tea Factory waste (TFW) and Pruning Litter (PL). Minimum 2 % of TFW is produced as by - product during processing of tea contributing a huge quantity as waste material.Similarly during pruning operations considerable amount of biomass are produced. Both the bio-waste materials can be managed by biological process to produce value added organic supplement to enrich the soil of tea plantation. During the present study different physico-chemical properties, viz. pH, P2O2 , K2O and nitrogen’s of TFW were analyzed. In TFW the value of Total soluble solids ranged (27.2-31.1%) and Crude fiber ranged (25.83-31.12%) and Caffenine amount ranged (23.14- 27.94%) and Total ash ranged (3.15-6.54%) The aflavin ranged (0.45-0.76%) and the arubignins ranged (18.45-21.32%). In TFW and PL some beneficial and active microbial populations are found which can be used in tea plants after making value added compost to increase their natural productivity. In this study focus was given to explore the beneficial and active microorganisms found in TFW and PL and found some beneficial microbes such as Actinomycetes, Azotobacter, Azospirillum and Phosphate solubilizing bacteria respectively

Science for integrative management of a diadromous fish stock: interdependencies of fisheries, flow, and habitat restoration

Fish face many anthropogenic stressors. Authorities in marine, estuarine, and freshwater realms often share interdependent fisheries management goals, but address singular stressors independently. Here, we present a case study suggesting that coordinating stressor relief across management realms may synergize conservation efforts, especially to actualize restoration benefits. Major efforts are underway to restore juvenile salmon habitat across California’s Central Valley landscape, but it is unclear how fisheries and flow management will influence juvenile salmon occupancy of restored sites. Leveraging monitoring data, we find that for juvenile salmon (<55 mm) to actualize benefits of restored habitats will likely require maintaining spawner abundances and flows at or above intermediate values, especially in less-connected portions of the landscape. Furthermore, restoration efforts may prioritize more connected regions to promote use of restored areas, considering that less connected areas are often uninhabited when water and spawners are scarcer. This ecosystem-based framework that evaluates interdependencies of management decisions may be applied to realize natural productivity and enhance conservation in many systems.

Rethinking Production under Uncertainty

Conventional models of production under uncertainty specify that output is produced in fixed proportions across states of nature. I investigate a representation of technology that allows firms to transform output from one state to another. I allow the firm to choose the distribution of its random productivity from a convex set of such distributions described by a limit on a moment of productivity scaled by a natural productivity shock. The model produces a simple discount factor that is linked to productivity and that can be used to price a wide variety of assets, without regard to preferences. (JEL G12) Received November 26, 2019; editorial decision May 23, 2020 by Editor Jeffrey Pontiff. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.

Ecological Status, Natural Productivity, Physico-Chemical and Biological Factors Controlling Productivity in the Bow Lake of Bansadaha, Burdwan

The basic understanding of the limnology, productive potentials, and fish productions of beel (water body) is essential for the sustainable development at Bansdahabeel in Burdwan. The area of Bansdahabeel is 26-hectare having depth 1.75 to 5.5m. An investigation was conducted on the ecology of the beels, productivity, plankton and macrophytes. Transparency value was low during summer and the pH was slightly alkaline. The monthly mean values of dissolved oxygen were somewhat lower in this closed beel (water body). The nitrate values were higher in summer and lower during the monsoon period. The soil contains 93% of sand. Among the plankton, community, phytoplankton formed the main portion of the total plankton. Cyanophyceae was the major contributor among the phytoplankton as Chlorophyceae was the second largest group. The monthly mean value of the zooplankton population was 417.22μl-1 in Bansdahabeel. The beel harbours mixed population of macrophytes with the dominance of submerged plants throughout the year. Fish production was recorded to 1159.83 kg/ha/yr. However, the production of carps was much higher than the miscellaneous fishes.