The effect of percutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord on autonomic reactions in the acute period of rehabilitation after ischemic stroke

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.Y. Bikbaeva ◽  
D.A. Pavlov ◽  
A.S. Kuznetsov ◽  
E.S. Balykina ◽  
I.V. Antipov
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Acute Period ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Parasympathetic Influences ◽  
Circulatory Disorders ◽  
Stimulation Of

The effect of percutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord on the reactions of the autonomic nervous system in patients after acute cerebral circulatory disorders was evaluated. Patients in the acute period of rehabilitation treatment underwent a course of percutaneous electrical stimulation for 10 days. Before and after rehabilitation, vegetative reactions were assessed using an orthoclinostatic test, an A.M.Wein questionnaire, and neurological disorders on the Scandinavian scale. The inclusion of the course of percutaneous electrical stimulation in the program of physical rehabilitation of patients who have suffered an ischemic stroke indicates an improvement in the motor status of patients and a decrease in the imbalance of sympathetic and parasympathetic influences Keywords: ischemic stroke, percutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord, vegetative reactions

The Neurological Basis of the Locomotory Rhythm in the Spinal Dogfish (Scyllium Canicula, Acanthias Vulgaris)

1946 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. LISSMANN
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Posterior Half ◽  
Automatic Activity ◽  
Dorsal Roots ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Stimulation Of

Some of the more striking effects of de-afferentation in the spinal dogfish are diagrammatically represented in Fig. 13. 1. The persistent locomotory rhythm of a spinal dogfish depends upon afferent excitation. If all afferent excitation is cut off by severance of all dorsal roots, the rhythm is abolished (Fig. 13, 1). 2. The rhythm clearly emerges when about half the number of all the dorsal roots is transected, irrespective whether the anterior or the posterior half of the animal be de-afferentated (Fig. 13, 2 and 3), or whether complete unilateral de-afferentation is executed (Fig. 13, 4). 3. Extensively de-afferentated preparations may exhibit swimming movements after exteroceptive stimulation. These swimming movements do not persist. 4. Preparations de-afferentated except for the tail exhibit after exteroceptive stimulation a static reflex posture. 5. The de-afferentated musculature takes part in both tonic and rhythmic responses as long as it is connected through the spinal cord with normally innervated musculature. 6. In response to electrical stimulation applied to the cord of a spinal dogfish two distinct types of rhythmic response have been evoked. 7. No rhythmic responses have bee obtained through electrical stimulation of the spinal cord in completely de-afferentated preparations. 8. No evidence has been found in support of the view that the swimming rhythm emanates through a spontaneous, automatic activity from the central nervous system.

scholarly journals The Impact of Electrical Stimulation of the Brain and Spinal Cord on Iron and Calcium-Phosphate Metabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Paweł Sokal ◽  
Milena Świtońska ◽  
Sara Kierońska ◽  
Marcin Rudaś ◽  
Marek Harat
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Metabolism ◽  
Iron And Calcium ◽  
Stimulation Of

Background: Deep-brain stimulation (DBS) electrically modulates the subcortical brain regions. Under conditions of monopolar cerebral stimulation, electrical current flows between electrode’s contacts and an implantable pulse generator, placed in the subclavicular area. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) delivers an electrical current to the spinal cord. Epidural electrical stimulation is associated with the leakage of current, which can cause a generalized reaction. The aim of our study was to investigate whether the electrical stimulation of the cerebrum and spinal cord could have generalized effects on biochemical parameters. Materials and methods: A total of 25 patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD, n = 21) and dystonia (n = 4), who underwent DBS implantation, and 12 patients with chronic pain, who had SCS, received electrical stimulation. The blood levels of selected biochemical parameters were measured before and after overnight stimulation. Results: After DBS, the mean ± interquartile range (IQR) values for iron (off 15.6 ± 13.53 µmol/L; on: 7.65 ± 10.8 µmol/L; p < 0.001), transferrin (off: 2.42 ± 0.88 g/L; on: 1.99 ± 0.59 g/L; p < 0.001), transferrin saturation (off: 23.20 ± 14.50%; on: 10.70 ± 11.35%; p = 0.001), phosphate (off: 1.04 ± 0.2 mmol/L; on: 0.83 ± 0.2 mmol/L; p = 0.007), and total calcium (off: 2.39 ± 0.29 mmol/L; on: 2.27 ± 0.19 mmol/L; p = 0.016) were significantly reduced, whereas ferritin (off: 112.00 ± 89.00 ng/mL; on: 150.00 ± 89.00 ng/mL; p = 0.003) and C-reactive protein (off: 0.90 ± 19.39 mg/L; on: 60.35 ± 35.91 mg/L; p = 0.002) were significantly increased. Among patients with SCS, significant differences were observed for ferritin (off: 35 ± 63 ng/mL; on: 56 ± 62 ng/mL; p = 0.013), transferrin (off: 2.70 ± 0.74 g/L; on: 2.49 ± 0.69 g/L; p = 0.048), and C-reactive protein (off: 31.00 ± 36.40 mg/L; on: 36.60 ± 62.030 mg/L; p = 0.018) before and after electrical stimulation. No significant changes in the examined parameters were observed among patients after thalamotomy and pallidotomy. Conclusions: Leaking electric current delivered to the subcortical nuclei of the brain and the dorsal column of the spinal cord exposes the rest of the body to a negative charge. The generalized reaction is associated with an inflammatory response and altered iron and calcium-phosphate metabolism. Alterations in iron metabolism due to electrical stimulation may impact the course of PD. Future research should investigate the influence of electric current and electromagnetic field induced by neurostimulators on human metabolism.

Increased endothelin and creatine kinase after electrical stimulation of paraplegic muscle

1993 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 2400-2405 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Robergs ◽  
O. Appenzeller ◽  
C. Qualls ◽  
J. Aisenbrey ◽  
J. Krauss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Baroreceptor Function ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Spinal Cord Injured ◽  
Stimulation Of

The purpose of this study was to assess changes in creatine kinase (CK) and endothelin (ET) in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) after computerized functional electrical stimulation leg ergometry (CFES LE). Eight subjects (7 male and 1 female) with complete spinal cord lesions (C7 to L1) completed zero-loaded CFES LE tests at baseline, after 3, 6, and 12 wk of CFES LE training (30 min, 3 times/wk), and also after detraining (DT) (n = 5). Venous blood samples were drawn 24, 48, and 72 h after CFES LE for measurement of ET and CK. The CK response was largest (peak CK) 72 h after baseline tests (28.2 +/- 6.0 to 895.7 +/- 345.9 ktals/l) and was no different from baseline by weeks 3, 6, and 12. After DT, CK was similar before and after CFES LE (153.8 +/- 19.0 and 189.7 +/- 34.5 ktals/l, respectively). CFES LE also significantly increased peak ET after baseline (from 11.7 +/- 1.5 to 18.0 +/- 2.5 pg/ml). During the subsequent training, peak ET remained significantly higher than the baseline value at weeks 3, 6, and 12 (20.2 +/- 1.8, 18.0 +/- 1.1, and 16.9 +/- 2.2 pg/ml, respectively). After DT, peak ET increased significant relationship (r = 0.44) existed between ln peak CK activity and peak ET. In summary, the increase in circulating ET in spinal cord-injured individuals may have implications for baroreceptor function and therefore blood pressure control in SCI. Further research into CFES LE, ET, and baroreceptor function in SCI is warranted.

scholarly journals Maintenance of contractile force of the hind limb muscles by the somato-lumbar sympathetic reflexes

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harumi Hotta ◽  
Kaori Iimura ◽  
Nobuhiro Watanabe ◽  
Kazuhiro Shigemoto
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
Contractile Force ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Dorsal Roots ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractThis study aimed to clarify whether the reflex excitation of muscle sympathetic nerves induced by contractions of the skeletal muscles modulates their contractility. In anesthetized rats, isometric tetanic contractions of the triceps surae muscles were induced by electrical stimulation of the intact tibial nerve before and after transection of the lumbar sympathetic trunk (LST), spinal cord, or dorsal roots. The amplitude of the tetanic force (TF) was reduced by approximately 10% at 20 min after transection of the LST, spinal cord, or dorsal roots. The recorded postganglionic sympathetic nerve activity from the lumbar gray ramus revealed that both spinal and supraspinal reflexes were induced in response to the contractions. Repetitive electrical stimulation of the cut peripheral end of the LST increased the TF amplitude. Our results indicated that the spinal and supraspinal somato-sympathetic nerve reflexes induced by contractions of the skeletal muscles contribute to the maintenance of their own contractile force.

Noninvasive electrical stimulation of the spinal cord as a method of correcting walking after a stroke

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.N. Bogacheva ◽  
N.A. Shcherbakova ◽  
D.V. Skvortsov ◽  
S.N. Kaurkin ◽  
T.R. Moshonkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Spinal Cord Stimulation ◽  
Step Cycle ◽  
Key Words Spinal Cord ◽  
Ankle Joints ◽  
Stimulation Of

The effect of noninvasive trasnscutaneous spinal cord stimulation (scTS) on walking parameters in patients after a cerebral infarction or ischemic stroke was investigated. It has been shown that after the use of scTS while walking on the floor the speed of movement, the length of the step cycle, the height of the foot elevation and the amplitude of movements in the hip, knee and ankle joints increased, which shows the ability of using scT to correct walking after a stroke. Key words: spinal cord, electrical stimulation, stroke, walking.

Еffects of percutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord in combination with mechanotherapy on changes in systemic and regional hemodynamics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.A. Golodnova ◽  
S.S. Ananyev ◽  
Y.Y. Bikbaeva ◽  
M.V. Balykin ◽  
I.V. Antipov
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Cerebral Hemodynamics ◽  
Systemic Hemodynamics ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Regional Hemodynamics ◽  
Mechanical Therapy ◽  
Stimulation Of

Objective: to evaluate changes in systemic and cerebral hemodynamics during percutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord and in combination of electrical stimulation with mechanotherapy. Methodology. The subjects underwent percutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord, the duration of the session was 5 minutes. Mechanotherapy was performed using a treadmill. The subjects performed walking at a power of 25W. for 5 minutes. Hemodynamics was evaluated before and after the electrical stimulation session, as well as before and after the mechanical therapy session on the track in combination with percutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord. To study systemic and regional hemodynamics, a rheograph-polyanalyzer "REAN-POLY" was used. Results. Electrical stimulation of the spinal cord does not lead to significant changes in systemic and cerebral hemodynamics. Percutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord in combination with physical exertion leads to reactive changes in systemic hemodynamics, increased blood filling and venous outflow, against the background of a decrease in peripheral resistance of cerebral vessels. Key words: electrostimulation, percutaneous electrostimulation, mechanotherapy, systemic hemodynamics, regional hemodynamics.

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