The effect of percutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord on autonomic reactions in the acute period of rehabilitation after ischemic stroke

The effect of percutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord on the reactions of the autonomic nervous system in patients after acute cerebral circulatory disorders was evaluated. Patients in the acute period of rehabilitation treatment underwent a course of percutaneous electrical stimulation for 10 days. Before and after rehabilitation, vegetative reactions were assessed using an orthoclinostatic test, an A.M.Wein questionnaire, and neurological disorders on the Scandinavian scale. The inclusion of the course of percutaneous electrical stimulation in the program of physical rehabilitation of patients who have suffered an ischemic stroke indicates an improvement in the motor status of patients and a decrease in the imbalance of sympathetic and parasympathetic influences Keywords: ischemic stroke, percutaneous electrical stimulation of the spinal cord, vegetative reactions

Parameters of heart rate variability inside total constitution as the algorithm of adaptation to modern anthropogenic environment (pilot study)

Samples of students aged 18-20 years, 50 males and 50 females, were examined by a vast program, including standard anthropometry, psychological testing, EEG registration, HRV registration as a separate cut during EEG recording. To estimate intersystem covariability Spearman rank correlation and factor analysis were enlisted. Results and discussion. Frequencies of intersystem correlations are much more numerous for females as compared to males. The greatest number of significant correlations for girls fall on associations of spectral HRV parameters (HF, LF, LF/HF) and power EEG parameters in different bands and cuts. The picture for males embraces HRV parameters (VLF, IC) and EEG parameters in frequency ranks lower than 9-11 Hz in occipital and temporal cuts. Seldom correlations of HRV parameters for both sexes with soma and psychometrics are fixed. Conclusion. The results allow to discuss different by sex «adaptive endophenotypes», being the background of the behavior patterns. In particular, associations of EEG parameters with HRV parameters, connected with the functioning of higher parts of the brain for males; with HRV parameters, reflecting sympathetic and parasympathetic influences balance – for females. Females are characterized by more pronounced correlations of physiological parameters with soma, especially transversal development of soma (shoulder width, chest transversal diameter among others).

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF AUTONOMIC REACTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS WITH DIABETIC AUTONOMIC CARDIAC NEUROPATHY

The dependence of heart rate variability in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and type 2 diabetes on the severity of diabetic autonomic cardiac neuropathy (DACN) is described. 60 patients with Functional Class II–III CHF and type 2 diabetes, 30 of them had signs of DACN of varying severity were examined. The temporary values of heart rate variability, spectral characteristics were estimated, as well as the ratio of sympathetic and parasympathetic influences. It was revealed that patients with CHF and type 2 diabetes complicated by DACN had significant disturbance of autonomic regulation and the prevalence of adverse types of autonomic reactivity. At the same time, the severity of autonomic disorders increased with the aggravation of autonomic dysfunction.

Emotional Dysregulation as a Factor of Psychosomatic Disturbances in Depression and Cardiovascular Pathology (Analytical Review of Foreign Literature)

The review presents data on cognitive processes of emotional regulation, which are the result of the interaction of the activity of the prefrontal cortex and emotional centers, as the most important pathogenetic link in the psychosomatic relations of depressive and cardiovascular diseases. The neuroanatomical substrate of emotional regulation is the connection between emotional and cognitive processes, which are carried out through bidirectional neuronal interactions between the neocortex and emotional centers. This connection allows emotional centers to modulate cortical activity, and cognitive centers, through descending cortical influences, to modulate the processing of emotions. At present, direct and indirect connections of the frontal cortex with the centers of the autonomic nervous system and its stimulating sympathetic and inhibitory parasympathetic influences have been confirmed. Pathogenetic links of emotional dysregulation include neurobiological and cognitive (rumination, fixation on negative information) processes. The pathophysiological mechanisms of depression and cardiovascular diseases have common links - the dysregulation of the metabolic, immunological and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal systems. The tendency to negative emotional response, the prevalence of negative emotions and alexithymia (low awareness of emotions) stand out as predictors of the development of both cardiovascular diseases and depression. Studies aimed at studying the typology and meaning of emotional dysregulation in various forms of psychopathological disorders in the aspect of comorbidity and psychosomatic relationships with somatic diseases can be fruitful in terms of finding new approaches to diagnosis and therapy.

IMPACT OF HEALTH ACTIVITIES ON THE PSYCHOVEGETATIVE FACILITATION OF STUDENTS’ ADAPTATION

The article presents the results of a study of the influence of the sylvinite speleoclimatic chamber and neurofeedback-therapy on the student’s adaptation process. With the help of automated methods of psychophysiological features, the authors studied parameters of heart rate variability, indices of personal and situational anxiety and the general health – activity – mood test in 29 students of the university during the period of training before and after the health measures. It has been established that ten sessions of speleoclimatotherapy did not affect the specificity of neurodynamic parameters, but led to a change in the psychological state of students and the degree of tension of regulatory systems: the number of people with high situational anxiety decreased, a positive trend was observed in terms of well-being, activity, mood; the values of the integral index of the stress index decreased. At the impact of ten sessions of the nerofeedback-training there are significant changes in the mechanisms of regulation of the heart rhythm: the degree of tension of the regulatory systems decreases and the activity of sympathetic and parasympathetic influences on the regulation of the heart rhythm; vegetative regulation has shifted either towards the equilibrium effect of the autonomic nervous system, or in the direction of intensifying the activity of parasympathetic influences.

Особливості секреторної активності кардіоміоцитів передсердь у серцях із різними типами вегетативної регуляції

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СЕКРЕТОРНОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ КАРДІОМІОЦИТІВ ПЕРЕДСЕРДЬ У СЕРЦЯХ ІЗ РІЗНИМИ ТИПАМИ ВЕГЕТАТИВНОЇ РЕГУЛЯЦІЇ - Досліджено особливості секреторної активності кардіоміоцитів передсердь у експериментальних тварин із різними типами вегетативної регуляції серцевої діяльності. Встановлено, що секреторна активність міоендокринних клітин лівого та правого передсердь найвираженіша при домінуючих ваготонічних впливах, а найменша - при симпатотоніч- ному типі регуляції серцевої діяльності.<br />ОСОБЕННОСТИ СЕКРЕТОРНОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ КАРДИОМИОЦИТОВ ПРЕДСЕРДИЙ В СЕРДЦАХ С РАЗНЫМИ ТИПАМИ ВЕГЕТАТИВНОЙ РЕГУЛЯЦИИ - Исследованы особенности секреторной активности кардиомиоцитов предсердий в экспериментальных животных с разными типами вегетативной регуляции сердечной деятельности. Выявлено, что секреторная активность миоэндокринных клеток левого и правого предсердий наиболее выражена при доминирующих ваготоничес- ких влияниях, а наименьшая - при симпатотоническом типе регуляции сердечной деятельности.<br />PECULIARITIES OF SECRETORY ACTIVITY OF ATRIAL CARDIOMYOCYTES IN THE HEART WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF VEGETATIVE REGULATION - Secretory activity atrial cardiomyocytes in experimental animals with different types of vegetative regulation were studied. Established that secretory activity myoendocrine cells left and right of atrium dominated about parasympathetic influences and decreasing with sympathetic type regulation of cardiac activity.<br />Ключові слова: кардіоміоцити передсердь, секреторні гранули, вегетативний гомеостаз.<br />Ключевые слова: кардиомиоциты предсердий, секреторные гранулы, вегетативный гомеостаз.<br />Key words: atrial cardiomyocytes, sekretory granules, vegetative gomeostasis.

Modulation of Baroreflex Function by Rosiglitazone in Prediabetic Hyperglycemic Rats

Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) is abnormal in the prediabetic state. This study was conducted to determine effects of chronic rosiglitazone (RSG), an insulin sensitizer, on BRS in prediabetic hyperglycemic (PDH) rats induced by nicotinamide and streptozotocin. The fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels were 5.6–6.9 and 7.8–11.0 mmol/l, respectively. Rats were treated with RSG or saline for 12 weeks. BRS response to phenylephrine (PE-BRS) or sodium nitroprusside (NP-BRS) was determined by linear regression method. Cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic influences were determined by autonomic blockades. In the saline-treated PDH rats, PE-BRS was enhanced early at week 4 and became greater at week 12. Abnormalities in NP-BRS and cardiac autonomic influences were found only after week 12. Four weeks of RSG treatment normalized blood glucose levels but not PE-BRS. All altered cardiovascular variables were completely restored by 12 weeks of RSG treatment. The correlation between BRS and blood glucose levels in saline-treated PDH rats was significant at week 12, but no correlation was found in RSG-treated rats. In conclusion, hyperglycemia, even in the prediabetic state, may play a role in BRS abnormalities. RSG treatment early in the prediabetic state may normalize BRS via cardiac autonomic modulation, besides its anti-hyperglycemic action.