scholarly journals Digenetic helminths of Leptodactylus latrans (Anura: Leptodactylidae) and Rhinella dorbignyi (Anura: Bufonidae) in southern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Ana Beatriz Devantier Henzel ◽  
Carolina Silveira Mascarenhas ◽  
Franck Lira Silveira ◽  
Gertrud Müller
Keyword(s):  
Helminth Fauna ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Mean Intensity

Even though anurans have been hosts to an array of helminths, data on the helminth fauna of anurans in Brazil are scarce. This study aims at reporting digenetic helminths on Leptodactylus latrans (Steffen, 1815) and Rhinella dorbignyi (Duméril & Bibron, 1841) in southern of Brazil. Sixty specimens of anurans L. latrans (n= 30) and R. dorbignyi (n= 30) were collected between August 2017 and August 2018. Then, necropsy was performed and helminths were collected, fixed and dyed to be identified in agreement with specific bibliography. Estimated infection indices were prevalence (P%), mean intensity of infection (MII) and mean abundance (MA). Twenty-eight anurans (46.66%) exhibited digenetic helminths, totalizing 255 parasite specimens. Leptodactylus latrans was infected with Gorgoderina megacysta Mañé-Garzón & González, 1978 (Gorgoderidae) (P = 40%), Haematoloechus freitasi Mané Garzón & Solares, 1959 (Haematoloechidae) (P = 23.33%), Catadiscus spp.  (Diplodiscidae) (P = 30%), Plagiorchioideae fam. gen. spp. (P = 63.33%) and Halipegus sp.  (Derogenidae) (P = 3.33%), whereas R. dorbignyi was infected with Gorgoderina sp.  (P = 3.33%), Haematoloechus sp.  (P = 3.33%), Catadiscus sp. (P = 3.33%), Plagiorchioideae fam. gen. sp. (P = 3.33%) and Diplostomidae gen. spp. (metacercariae) (P = 6.66%).

scholarly journals Helminths Assemblage of the bare-faced ibis, Phimosus infuscatus (Lichtenstein, 1823) (Pelecaniformes: Threskiornithidae), in southern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Simone Scheer ◽  
Carolina Silveira Mascarenhas ◽  
Márcia Raquel Pegoraro de Macedo ◽  
Gertrud Muller
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
Helminth Fauna ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Male Bird ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
First Time ◽  
Prevalent Species

Abstract Birds act as hosts for a variety of parasites, many of these are unreported. The literature provides scant information on the helminth fauna of Phimosus infuscatus. The presence of helminths were investigate in 28 birds from Pelotas, Capão do Leão, and Rio Grande in Rio Grande do Sul. The preparation and identification of helminths followed protocols. Prevalence (P%), mean intensity of infection (MII), and mean abundance (MA) were estimated. The following helminths were found: Hystrichis acanthocephalicus , Dioctophyme renale (larva), Porrocaecum heteropterum , Baruscapillaria sp., Aproctella carinii , Paradeletrocephalus minor, and Cyathostoma sp. (Nematoda); Echinostomatidae gen. sp., Tanaisia valida, and Athesmia sp. (Trematoda: Digenea) and Megalacanthus sp. (Cestoda). The most prevalent species were H. acanthocephalicus, P. heteropterum, Megalacanthus sp., and Echinostomatidae gen. sp. and Megalacanthus sp. had the highest MII and MA. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of H. acantocephalicus between female and male bird hosts. We report Echinostomatidae gen. sp., T. valida, Athesmia sp., Cyathostoma sp., A. carinii, P. minor, D. renale (larva), Baruscapillaria sp., and Megalacanthus sp. for the first time in P. infuscatus in Brazil.

scholarly journals First report of Nematomystes scapteromi (Ganzorig, Oku, Okamoto, Malgor & Kamiya, 1999) Jiménez-Ruiz & Gardner, 2003 (Nematoda, Aspidoderidae) in Scapteromys tumidus Waterhouse, 1837 (Rodentia, Sigmodontinae) from southern Brazil

Check List ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1607
Author(s):  
Leandro Ramos Duarte ◽  
Moisés Gallas ◽  
Eliane Fraga da Silveira ◽  
Eduardo Périco
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
The State ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
First Report ◽  
The Mean

Prior to the present study, Nematomystes scapteromi (Ganzorig, Oku, Okamoto, Malgor & Kamiya, 1999) Jiménez-Ruiz & Gardner, 2003 had been reported in Scapteromys tumidus Waterhouse, 1837 from Uruguay. Here, eight specimens of S. tumidus were collected in southern Brazil and necropsied. The nematodes encountered were determined as N. scapteromi through their morphometric traits. Prevalence was 87.5% and the mean intensity of infection of 18.3 helminths/host. This is the first report of N. scapteromi parasitizing S. tumidus in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

scholarly journals New locality records for Guerrerostrongylus zetta (Travassos, 1937) Sutton & Durette-Desset, 1991 (Nematoda: Heligmonellidae) parasitizing Oligoryzomys nigripes (Olfers, 1818) (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae) from southern Brazil

Check List ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela F. de Werk ◽  
Moisés Gallas ◽  
Eliane F. da Silveira ◽  
Eduardo Périco
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
First Record ◽  
The State ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Mean Intensity

Guerrerostrongylus zetta had been found in a number of different species of rodents from northern and southeastern Brazil as well as Argentina. Between 2008 and 2010, specimens of Oligoryzomys nigripes (n = 14) were collected and necropsied. The nematodes encountered were identified as G. zetta due their morphological traits. Prevalence was 78%, with a mean intensity of infection of 5.63 helminths/host. This report fills in a lacuna in the known distribution of G. zetta, and provides the first record of this parasite in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Seasonal variation of Mastophorus muris (Nematoda: Spirurida) in the water vole Arvicola amphibius from southern Sweden

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Neupane ◽  
A.L. Miller ◽  
A.L. Evans ◽  
G.E. Olsson ◽  
J. Höglund
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Linear Model ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Water Vole ◽  
Model Output ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Arvicola Amphibius ◽  
Formed Part

AbstractThis study focused on the spirurid nematode Mastophorus muris in water voles (Arvicola amphibius) trapped in three regions in southern Sweden during spring and fall 2013. The collection of water voles formed part of a larger project (EMIRO) on the cestode Echinococcus multilocularis in rodents. The voles’ stomach contents were examined for the presence of M. muris. Prevalence, mean abundance and mean intensity of infection were calculated. A generalized linear model model was used to examine the effects of sex, functional group, season and region on the number of M. muris individuals in each vole. Forty-seven of 181 (26%) voles were infected with M. muris, with up to 74 worms each. The overall mean intensity (worms per infected vole) was 15 (95% CI 10–21), and abundance (mean number of worms in all voles) was 4 (95% CI 2–6). Model output indicated a significant effect of season and region with respect to abundance of nematode infection, which was independent of sex and functional group of the investigated host.

scholarly journals Parasitism of Cichlasoma paranaense Kullander, 1983 and Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus, 1814 by Clinostomum complanatum (Rudolphi, 1814) Metacercariae in the Taquari river

2005 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Silva-Souza ◽  
G. Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Condition Factor ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Expected Value ◽  
Yellow Spot ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Relative Condition Factor ◽  
Clinostomum Complanatum

The infection, known as yellow spot disease, produced by metacercariae of Clinostomum spp. was studied in fishes of the Taquari river, located in Jataizinho, Paraná State, Brazil. A total of 1,582 specimens, belonging to 36 species, were collected between March 1999 and April 2001. Yellow spot disease was observed only in Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus, 1814 (Gymnotiformes, Gymnotidae) and Cichlasoma paranaense Kullander, 1983 (Perciformes, Cichlidae). This parasitism was generated by metacercariae of Clinostomum complanatum (Rudolphi, 1814) (Digenea, Clinostomidae). Among the 88 specimens of G. carapo examined, 7 (prevalence = 8%) had cysts of the parasite. Four of them were captured in July 1999 and three in October 1999. In the other months, no specimen found was infected. Using relative condition factor (Kn) analysis, it was determined that both infected and non-infected specimens had a total weight equal to the theoretically expected value for each total length (Kn = 1.0). Among 56 individuals of Cichlasoma paranaense, 6 (prevalence = 10.7%) had between 1 and 27 metacercariae of C. complanatum (mean intensity of infection = 9.3 ± 9.6). In March 1999 and April of both 2000 and 2001, the specimens examined were not infected. The infected fish had a total weight higher than the expected value (Kn > 1.0), while the non-infected fish had a weight equal to the expected value (Kn = 1.0).

scholarly journals Intensity of Nematode Infection in Children Aged 3 to 5 Years Living in Mukuru Kwa Njenga Slum Settlement, Nairobi, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynda Allan ◽  
Fiona N. Mbai ◽  
Dorcas S. Yole ◽  
Moses Owino
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Nematode Infection ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
The Status ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Stool Samples

Background. The burden of nematode infections is high mostly in children below 5 years old, with clinical manifestations ranging from mild to painful symptoms due to severe infections that end up suppressing the immune system of the infected children. The occurrence of these infections is highest in areas of extreme poverty. This study evaluated the intensity of nematode infections and assessed the status of deworming in children aged 3 to 5 years living in Mukuru slum settlement, Nairobi County, Kenya. Methodology. A total of 172 children aged between 3 and 5 years were sampled across the 5 major villages of Mukuru Slum settlement: Kwa Njenga, Vietnum, Wapewape, Kwa Reuben, and Motomoto. Community health workers administered questionnaires on the deworming history of children. Stool samples were collected, macroscopically examined, and microscopically analysed using Kato-Katz technique to assess the intensity of infection. The intensities of nematode infections were expressed as eggs per gram (epg) of faeces. Results. The point prevalence of nematode infection among the 98 children in the 1st sampling was 25.5% with a mean infection intensity of 5424 epg, whereas among the 74 children sampled in 2nd sampling, 47.3% had nematode infection with a mean infection intensity of 12384 epg. The average nematode infection for the 172 participants was 34.9% with a mean intensity of 17808 epg. The highest number of children infected with nematodes was in the village of Wapewape where 34 participants were examined and 36.3% were infected with a mean intensity of 3216 epg. Kwa Reuben and Vietnum villages had the same prevalence values of 32.4% where 34 participants in each village had a mean intensity of 3624 epg and 4512 epg, respectively. In both samplings, more than 80% of children had been dewormed more than 6 months prior to the study. Ascaris lumbricoides was the only species of intestinal nematodes identified to be present in the stool samples of children in this study, whereas Trichuris trichiura and hookworm infections were found to be absent. The intensity of infection was not dependent on age or gender.

Occurrence of Bunodera luciopercae (Digenea: Allocreadiidae) in Fish from Hanningfield Reservoir, Essex

1973 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Wootten
Keyword(s):  
Brown Trout ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Mean Intensity

Perch, ruffe, brown trout and ten-spined stickleback from Hanningfield Reservoir, Essex were found to be infected with Bunodera luciopercae in 1968–1969. Only perch were heavily infected. B. luciopercae showed an annual cycle of occurrence and maturation in perch. Mean intensity of infection with B. luciopercae increased to a maximum in perch 15–19.9 cms in length but decreased in larger and older fish. There was a significant positive association between the presence of B. luciopercae and that of the cestode Proteocephalus percae in perch, with both parasites occurring together more often than expected from chance alone.

The helminth parasites of two sympatric species of the genus Apodemus (Rodentia, Muridae) from south-eastern Slovakia

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarmila Ondríková ◽  
Dana Miklisová ◽  
Alexis Ribas ◽  
Michal Stanko
Keyword(s):  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Helminth Fauna ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Heligmosomoides Polygyrus ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Host Ecology ◽  
Taenia Taeniaeformis ◽  
Rodent Populations

AbstractThe helminths of two sympatric species of rodents, the striped field mouse Apodemus agrarius and the yellow-necked mouse, Apodemus flavicollis from Slovakia were studied to determine whether there are similarities in the composition of the helminth fauna of two closely related host species living in the same area. A total of twelve species of helminths were identified in these rodent populations, including Brachylaima sp. (Trematoda); Hymenolepis diminuta (Rudolphi, 1819), Mesocestoides sp. larvae, Rodentolepis fraterna (Stiles, 1906), Rodentolepis straminea (Goeze, 1782), Skrjabinotaenia lobata (Baer, 1925), Taenia taeniaeformis larvae (Batsch, 1786) (Cestoda); Aonchotheca annulosa (Dujardin, 1845), Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Dujardin, 1845), Heterakis spumosa Schneider, 1866, Mastophorus muris (Gmelin, 1790) and Syphacia stroma (Linstow, 1884) (Nematoda). In A. agrarius, H. polygyrus was the most prevalent, as well as the most abundant helminth, but R. fraterna was the species with the highest mean intensity. In contrast, S. stroma dominated the A. flavicollis helminth fauna with the highest prevalence, mean abundance and mean intensity. Both rodent populations harboured nine helminth species, although the mean individual species richness was significantly higher in A. agrarius than in A. flavicollis. The analysis of helminth diversity at both component and infracommunity levels revealed differences between the two rodent populations, which are most likely attributable to the specific host ecology.

scholarly journals Prevalence and intensity of infection by Raillietiella gigliolii Hett, 1924 (Pentastomida) in Amphisbaena alba Linnaeus, 1758 and A. vermicularis Wagler, 1824 (Amphisbaenidae) from Northeastern Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1183-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
WO. Almeida ◽  
DL. Sales ◽  
GG. Santana ◽  
WLS. Vieira ◽  
SC. Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Humid Forest ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Determinant Factor ◽  
Made In

Raillietiella gigliolii is a Neotropical pentastomid parasite found in Amphisbaena alba. Collections were made in northeastern Brazil in a remnant area of Atlantic Forest (07º 10' S and 35º 05' W) in the municipality of Cruz do Espírito Santo, Paraíba State, and in a Humid Forest area (07º 16' S and 39º 26' W) on the slopes of the Chapada do Araripe Mountains, municipality of Crato, Ceará state, Brazil. Nine specimens of A. alba and 12 of A. vermicularis were collected to gather basic ecological data (prevalence and mean intensity of infection) concerning these parasites. Raillietiella gigliolii was found infecting the lungs of both species. The prevalence for A. alba was 55.5% (5/9), with a mean intensity of infection of 5.0 ± 2.53 and amplitudes of 1-13. A. vermicularis demonstrated prevalence of 50%, with a mean intensity of infection of 5.3 ± 2.1 and amplitudes of 1-14. This represents the first record of R. gigliolii as a parasite of A. vermicularis. Our results suggest that R. gigliolii is a generalist parasite species and that an overlapping diet is the determinant factor in the sharing of its final hosts.

The relationship between IgA activity against 4th-stage larvae and density-dependent effects on the number of 4th-stage larvae ofTeladorsagia circumcinctain naturally infected sheep

Parasitology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. STEAR ◽  
K. BAIRDEN ◽  
G. T. INNOCENT ◽  
S. MITCHELL ◽  
S. STRAIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial Distribution ◽  
Binomial Distribution ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Teladorsagia Circumcincta ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Relationship

The number ofTeladorsagia circumcincta4th-stage larvae in naturally infected lambs from a single farm varied among lambs and among different years. Within each year the distribution of 4th-stage larvae among lambs was similar to that expected from a negative binomial distribution. The ratio of 4th-stage larvae to adultT. circumcinctawas low in two years with a low mean intensity of infection but high in two years with a higher mean intensity of infection. The negative binomial distribution is defined by the mean and byk, a parameter that measures dispersion;kwas low when mean infection intensity was low but higher when mean infection intensity was high. Askis an inverse index of overdispersion this indicated that the distribution of 4th-stage larvae was more overdispersed at low levels of infection. In a combined analysis, the number of adultT. circumcinctaand the plasma IgA activity against 4th-stage larvae were both associated with increased numbers of 4th-stage larvae. There was a statistical interaction between the number of adults and IgA activity that moderated their combined effect.

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