Seasonal variation of Mastophorus muris (Nematoda: Spirurida) in the water vole Arvicola amphibius from southern Sweden

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Neupane ◽  
A.L. Miller ◽  
A.L. Evans ◽  
G.E. Olsson ◽  
J. Höglund
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Linear Model ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Water Vole ◽  
Model Output ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Arvicola Amphibius ◽  
Formed Part

AbstractThis study focused on the spirurid nematode Mastophorus muris in water voles (Arvicola amphibius) trapped in three regions in southern Sweden during spring and fall 2013. The collection of water voles formed part of a larger project (EMIRO) on the cestode Echinococcus multilocularis in rodents. The voles’ stomach contents were examined for the presence of M. muris. Prevalence, mean abundance and mean intensity of infection were calculated. A generalized linear model model was used to examine the effects of sex, functional group, season and region on the number of M. muris individuals in each vole. Forty-seven of 181 (26%) voles were infected with M. muris, with up to 74 worms each. The overall mean intensity (worms per infected vole) was 15 (95% CI 10–21), and abundance (mean number of worms in all voles) was 4 (95% CI 2–6). Model output indicated a significant effect of season and region with respect to abundance of nematode infection, which was independent of sex and functional group of the investigated host.

scholarly journals Parasitism of Cichlasoma paranaense Kullander, 1983 and Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus, 1814 by Clinostomum complanatum (Rudolphi, 1814) Metacercariae in the Taquari river

2005 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Silva-Souza ◽  
G. Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Condition Factor ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Expected Value ◽  
Yellow Spot ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Spot Disease ◽  
Relative Condition Factor ◽  
Clinostomum Complanatum

The infection, known as yellow spot disease, produced by metacercariae of Clinostomum spp. was studied in fishes of the Taquari river, located in Jataizinho, Paraná State, Brazil. A total of 1,582 specimens, belonging to 36 species, were collected between March 1999 and April 2001. Yellow spot disease was observed only in Gymnotus carapo Linnaeus, 1814 (Gymnotiformes, Gymnotidae) and Cichlasoma paranaense Kullander, 1983 (Perciformes, Cichlidae). This parasitism was generated by metacercariae of Clinostomum complanatum (Rudolphi, 1814) (Digenea, Clinostomidae). Among the 88 specimens of G. carapo examined, 7 (prevalence = 8%) had cysts of the parasite. Four of them were captured in July 1999 and three in October 1999. In the other months, no specimen found was infected. Using relative condition factor (Kn) analysis, it was determined that both infected and non-infected specimens had a total weight equal to the theoretically expected value for each total length (Kn = 1.0). Among 56 individuals of Cichlasoma paranaense, 6 (prevalence = 10.7%) had between 1 and 27 metacercariae of C. complanatum (mean intensity of infection = 9.3 ± 9.6). In March 1999 and April of both 2000 and 2001, the specimens examined were not infected. The infected fish had a total weight higher than the expected value (Kn > 1.0), while the non-infected fish had a weight equal to the expected value (Kn = 1.0).

scholarly journals Intensity of Nematode Infection in Children Aged 3 to 5 Years Living in Mukuru Kwa Njenga Slum Settlement, Nairobi, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynda Allan ◽  
Fiona N. Mbai ◽  
Dorcas S. Yole ◽  
Moses Owino
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Nematode Infection ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
The Status ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Stool Samples

Background. The burden of nematode infections is high mostly in children below 5 years old, with clinical manifestations ranging from mild to painful symptoms due to severe infections that end up suppressing the immune system of the infected children. The occurrence of these infections is highest in areas of extreme poverty. This study evaluated the intensity of nematode infections and assessed the status of deworming in children aged 3 to 5 years living in Mukuru slum settlement, Nairobi County, Kenya. Methodology. A total of 172 children aged between 3 and 5 years were sampled across the 5 major villages of Mukuru Slum settlement: Kwa Njenga, Vietnum, Wapewape, Kwa Reuben, and Motomoto. Community health workers administered questionnaires on the deworming history of children. Stool samples were collected, macroscopically examined, and microscopically analysed using Kato-Katz technique to assess the intensity of infection. The intensities of nematode infections were expressed as eggs per gram (epg) of faeces. Results. The point prevalence of nematode infection among the 98 children in the 1st sampling was 25.5% with a mean infection intensity of 5424 epg, whereas among the 74 children sampled in 2nd sampling, 47.3% had nematode infection with a mean infection intensity of 12384 epg. The average nematode infection for the 172 participants was 34.9% with a mean intensity of 17808 epg. The highest number of children infected with nematodes was in the village of Wapewape where 34 participants were examined and 36.3% were infected with a mean intensity of 3216 epg. Kwa Reuben and Vietnum villages had the same prevalence values of 32.4% where 34 participants in each village had a mean intensity of 3624 epg and 4512 epg, respectively. In both samplings, more than 80% of children had been dewormed more than 6 months prior to the study. Ascaris lumbricoides was the only species of intestinal nematodes identified to be present in the stool samples of children in this study, whereas Trichuris trichiura and hookworm infections were found to be absent. The intensity of infection was not dependent on age or gender.

Occurrence of Bunodera luciopercae (Digenea: Allocreadiidae) in Fish from Hanningfield Reservoir, Essex

1973 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Wootten
Keyword(s):  
Brown Trout ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Mean Intensity

Perch, ruffe, brown trout and ten-spined stickleback from Hanningfield Reservoir, Essex were found to be infected with Bunodera luciopercae in 1968–1969. Only perch were heavily infected. B. luciopercae showed an annual cycle of occurrence and maturation in perch. Mean intensity of infection with B. luciopercae increased to a maximum in perch 15–19.9 cms in length but decreased in larger and older fish. There was a significant positive association between the presence of B. luciopercae and that of the cestode Proteocephalus percae in perch, with both parasites occurring together more often than expected from chance alone.

scholarly journals Prevalence and intensity of infection by Raillietiella gigliolii Hett, 1924 (Pentastomida) in Amphisbaena alba Linnaeus, 1758 and A. vermicularis Wagler, 1824 (Amphisbaenidae) from Northeastern Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1183-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
WO. Almeida ◽  
DL. Sales ◽  
GG. Santana ◽  
WLS. Vieira ◽  
SC. Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Humid Forest ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Determinant Factor ◽  
Made In

Raillietiella gigliolii is a Neotropical pentastomid parasite found in Amphisbaena alba. Collections were made in northeastern Brazil in a remnant area of Atlantic Forest (07º 10' S and 35º 05' W) in the municipality of Cruz do Espírito Santo, Paraíba State, and in a Humid Forest area (07º 16' S and 39º 26' W) on the slopes of the Chapada do Araripe Mountains, municipality of Crato, Ceará state, Brazil. Nine specimens of A. alba and 12 of A. vermicularis were collected to gather basic ecological data (prevalence and mean intensity of infection) concerning these parasites. Raillietiella gigliolii was found infecting the lungs of both species. The prevalence for A. alba was 55.5% (5/9), with a mean intensity of infection of 5.0 ± 2.53 and amplitudes of 1-13. A. vermicularis demonstrated prevalence of 50%, with a mean intensity of infection of 5.3 ± 2.1 and amplitudes of 1-14. This represents the first record of R. gigliolii as a parasite of A. vermicularis. Our results suggest that R. gigliolii is a generalist parasite species and that an overlapping diet is the determinant factor in the sharing of its final hosts.

The Parasites of the Muskrat (Ondatra zibethica L.) in the British Isles

Parasitology ◽  
1936 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Warwick
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Helminth Fauna ◽  
Water Vole ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Local Fauna ◽  
Capillaria Hepatica ◽  
Arvicola Amphibius ◽  
Taenia Taeniaeformis

Of the five species of helminths of the British muskrat (Ondatra zibethica L.), two (Notocotylus quinqueserialis and Hymenolepis evaginata) have been introduced with the animal. The three other species of helminths (Capillaria hepatica, Taenia taeniaeformis larva and T. tenuicollis larva) have probably been largely re-acquired from the local fauna. All of the three common species of ectoparasites [Laelaps multispinosus (Tetragonyssus spiniger), Listrophorus validus and Dermacarus n.sp.] occur in North America. Three other species (Tyroglyphus sp., Myobia n.sp., Polyplax sp.) have occurred as single individuals, the last species having probably been acquired from the water vole. Introduction into Britain has greatly depleted the original helminth fauna as regards number of species and individuals; but not so with the ectoparasites. Lists of the parasites hitherto recorded from the muskrat are given and those found in brown rats (Rattus norvegicus Erx.) and water voles (Arvicola amphibius amphibius L.).

The relationship between IgA activity against 4th-stage larvae and density-dependent effects on the number of 4th-stage larvae ofTeladorsagia circumcinctain naturally infected sheep

Parasitology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. STEAR ◽  
K. BAIRDEN ◽  
G. T. INNOCENT ◽  
S. MITCHELL ◽  
S. STRAIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial Distribution ◽  
Binomial Distribution ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Teladorsagia Circumcincta ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Relationship

The number ofTeladorsagia circumcincta4th-stage larvae in naturally infected lambs from a single farm varied among lambs and among different years. Within each year the distribution of 4th-stage larvae among lambs was similar to that expected from a negative binomial distribution. The ratio of 4th-stage larvae to adultT. circumcinctawas low in two years with a low mean intensity of infection but high in two years with a higher mean intensity of infection. The negative binomial distribution is defined by the mean and byk, a parameter that measures dispersion;kwas low when mean infection intensity was low but higher when mean infection intensity was high. Askis an inverse index of overdispersion this indicated that the distribution of 4th-stage larvae was more overdispersed at low levels of infection. In a combined analysis, the number of adultT. circumcinctaand the plasma IgA activity against 4th-stage larvae were both associated with increased numbers of 4th-stage larvae. There was a statistical interaction between the number of adults and IgA activity that moderated their combined effect.

Dynamics of natural infections of Rhabdias cf. hylae (Nematoda) in Bufo marinus (Amphibia) in Australia

Parasitology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. BARTON
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Size Class ◽  
Bufo Marinus ◽  
Seasonal Rainfall ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
Initial Infection ◽  
Mean Intensity ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Subsequent Effect

Infrapopulation dynamics of the nematode Rhabdias cf. hylae within naturally-infected Bufo marinus in north Queensland, Australia, were detailed. Over 80% of 580 toads were infected with Rh. cf. hylae with a mean intensity of 16·1. Distribution of Rh. cf. hylae within the toad population was aggregated, with an increase in the variance-to-mean ratio with increasing toad size. Intensity of infection and length of nematode were both correlated with length of toad in the smaller size classes. Length of nematode was not related to intensity of infection at any time. Mean intensity of infection rose significantly in small toads following initial infection after metamorphosis. Over the same period, average length of nematode did not increase implying constant re-infection of the toads. Larger toads were not reinfected to the same extent, and the number of uninfected toads in the larger size class increased which indicated a natural loss of infections. Changes in parameters of Rh. cf. hylae infection within B. marinus were attributed to seasonal rainfall and its subsequent effect on the behaviour of the toad.

scholarly journals Present-Day Epidemiological-Epizootological Peculiarities of Natural Tularemia Foci in Altai

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
E. S. Kulikalova ◽  
A. V. Mazepa ◽  
A. K. Syngeeva ◽  
E. S. Polkovnikov ◽  
V. A. Shestakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Francisella Tularensis ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Water Vole ◽  
Ixodes Persulcatus ◽  
Arvicola Amphibius ◽  
Altai Region ◽  
Environmental Objects ◽  
Haemaphysalis Concinna ◽  
Natural Foci

RelevanceNatural tularemia foci are widespread in Altai Krai and Republic Altai and characterized by high functional stability.Aim.To study modern epidemiological and epizootological features of natural foci of tularemia in the Altai region Russia.Materials and MethodsThe current state of small mammal number in the region is examined. Results of complex studying of 14 Francisella tularensis strains isolated in Republic Altai from 1950 to 2015 (from the collection of Museum of live cultures in Irkutsk Antiplague Research Institute of Rospotrebnadzor) and 21 strains isolated in 2016–2018 in the Altai region are presented. For the first time the tularemia causative agent was isolated at this territory in 1940s. Water vole (Arvicola amphibius) is the most epidemiologically significant as the infection source in these foci. Ixodes ticks: Dermacentor silvarum, D. reticulatus, D. marginatus, Haemaphysalis concinna, Ixodes persulcatus are the main vectors. Now Francisella tularensis subspecies holarctica circulates at Altai territory, and since 2011 additionally F. tularensis mediasiatica.ConclusionsThe functioning of the natural center of tularemia in the territory of the Altai region in the modern period is characterized by coupled circulation of the causative agent of tularemia of two subspecies, sporadic cases of tularemia diseases and infection by the causative agent of environmental objects (bloodsucking arthropods, open water, small mammals). All this indicates a high activity of natural foci with respect to this especially dangerous natural focal infection.

scholarly journals Distribution of the European water vole Arvicola amphibius (Linnaeus, 1758) in Mazowsze and southern Podlasie

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
Grzegorz LESIŃSKI ◽  
◽  
Marek KOWALSKI ◽  
Przemysław STOLARZ ◽  
Jakub GRYZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Species ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Water Vole ◽  
Arvicola Amphibius ◽  
Large Samples ◽  
European Water ◽  
Northern Poland ◽  
Set Up

The paper presents distribution of the European water vole Arvicola amphibius (Linnaeus, 1758) in Mazowsze and southern Podlasie in areas situated within a 120-kilometer radius from Warsaw. Data published so far and unpublished results from analyses of the diet of three common species of owls were set up. The rodent is rare in the study area, especially when compared with southern, western and far northern Poland. Its largest population lives in Kampinos Forest, from where many localities are known. In other parts of the study area it is present locally. Only 14 localities were known outside Kampinos Forest in the years 2000–2017. It is even absent from large areas rich in various water bodies like e.g. Mazowiecki and Chojnowski Landscape Parks or Bolimowska Forest. Rarity of the European water vole was confirmed by 235 large samples of owls’ food (at least 100 of vertebrate prey in each) equally distributed across Mazowsze and southern Podlasie, in which this species was not found.

scholarly journals Mammals in the diet of tawny owl Strix aluco in western part of Skierniewice Forest District (central Poland)

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Gryz ◽  
Dagny Krauze-Gryz
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammal ◽  
Water Vole ◽  
Tawny Owl ◽  
Arvicola Amphibius ◽  
Strix Aluco ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Forest Mosaic ◽  
Mammal Assemblages ◽  
Hazel Dormouse ◽  
Forest District

Abstract The aim of the study was to describe the species diversity of small mammals in the western part of the Skierniewice Forest District (Central Poland) using tawny owl (Strix aluco) pellets. The landscape itself is a field and forest mosaic with small forest complexes. Four forest complexes with an area between 70 and 750 ha and surrounded by arable lands as well as loosely scattered buildings were chosen to carry out our work in. Owl pellets were collected in the years 2014–2016 and examined for small mammal remains employing standard protocols. Altogether, we identified 963 items belonging to 17 different mammalian prey species. The most numerous was the yellow-necked mouse, Apodemus flavicollis, which accounted for 33.5% of all identified items. As the second most important group, voles (Microtus spp.) accounted for 12.8% of all identified mammals. Unfortunately, we were unable to find species considered rare in central Poland, i.e. hazel dormouse, Muscardinus avellanarius, European water vole, Arvicola amphibius and field vole, Microtus agrestis. In overall, the species composition of small mammal assemblages in the studied area was similar to adjacent regions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document