scholarly journals Do visitors attract or repel vertebrates in an urban park in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest?

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
André Scarambone Zaú ◽  
Gustavo Pena Freitas ◽  
Gabriela Akemi Macedo Oda
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
National Park ◽  
Urban Park ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
Human Influence ◽  
The Road ◽  
Visitation Rates ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Different Levels

Ecotourism is an important tool for biodiversity conservation in protected areas. However, high visitation rates and intensive public use can affect the wildlife. The present study aimed to evaluate vertebrate foraging in areas under different levels of human influence in the Tijuca National Park, a protected area within the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We used baits to attract vertebrates in areas with and without visitor facilities, at distances of 5, 35, and 100 meters from the road. We have analyzed the removal of bait by vertebrates in such treatments and identify higher consumption associated to greater human presence. The presence of visitors and visitor facilities (e.g., parking lots, barbecue pits, picnic tables, and playgrounds) significantly increases bait consumption. Park managers should consider the negative impacts of tourism on wildlife searching for ways to minimize them. RESUMO O ecoturismo é uma importante ferramenta para a conservação da biodiversidade em áreas protegidas. No entanto, as altas taxas de visitação e uso público intensivo podem afetar a fauna em áreas protegidas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o forrageamento de vertebrados em áreas sob diferentes influências antrópicas no Parque Nacional da Tijuca: uma unidade de proteção integral dentro da metrópole do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Foram usadas iscas em áreas com e sem infraestrutura para visitantes, em distâncias de 5, 35 e 100 metros das margens da estrada, dentro de cada sítio de estudo. Análises apontaram que em áreas onde a presença humana é menos constante, o consumo de iscas de bananas foi menos intenso. A interferência causada por visitantes do parque sobre a intensidade do consumo de isca é significativa e influenciada por estruturas de visitação como estacionamento, churrasqueiras, mesas de piquenique e playground. Gestores de parques devem considerar tais impactos do turismo, visando minimizar influências negativas sobre a fauna. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Gestão de Unidade de Conservação; Uso Público; Parque Nacional da Tijuca; Ecoturismo; Efeito de Borda.

scholarly journals Exploring the impacts of protected area tourism on local communities using a resilience approach

Koedoe ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Strickland-Munro ◽  
Susan Moore
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Social Equity ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Economic Opportunities ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
Building Community ◽  
Negative Impacts

As the protected area mandate expands to include social equity, the impacts of parks and their tourism on neighbouring indigenous and local communities is receiving growing practical and theoretical interest. This article reported on one such study, which explored the impacts of protected area tourism on communities bordering the iconic Kruger National Park in South Africa and Purnululu National Park in Australia. The study drew on interviews with park staff, tourism operators and community members. Guided by a conceptual framework grounded in resilience thinking, interactions amongst the parks, tourism and local communities were revealed as complex, contested and multi-scalar. Underlying drivers included cultural norms and values based on nature, entrenched poverty, poor Western education and economic opportunities associated with tourism. Park tourism offered intrinsic opportunities and benefits from nature conservation and associated intangible cultural values. More tangible benefits arose through employment. Damage-causing animals and visitation difficulties were negative impacts. Interaction with tourists was limited, with a sense of disconnect evident. Findings indicated the need for multifaceted, carefully considered policy responses if social equity and benefits for local communities are to be achieved. Framing the impacts of protected area tourism through the resilience framework provided a useful way to access local community perceptions whilst retaining awareness of the broader multi-scalar context in which interactions occur. Conservation implications: Perceptions of separation and lack of education to engage in economic opportunities are major issues. Intrinsic appreciation of parks is an important platform for building future opportunities. Accrual of future benefits for local communities from park tourism depends on developing diverse economic opportunities, building community capacity and managing expectations and addressing economic disadvantage.

scholarly journals Mutual Impacts of Geocaching and Natural Environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1739-1748
Author(s):  
Jiří Schneider ◽  
Veronika Jadczaková
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Moravian Karst ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Local Nature

Rising popularity of geocaching is linked to increased risk of negative impacts on natural environment. Based on that, this paper intends to present possible approach of how to evaluate these impacts in the Landscape protected area Moravian Karst (Czech Republic) and in the Vrátna dolina valley (National park Malá Fatra, Slovak Republic). Recreation along with nature conservation has been solved in these areas in the log-run and geocaching has been steadily extending offer of recreational activities. Therefore, it seems desirable to examine how geocaching affects environment and simultaneously how topography or land cover influences availability or difficulty of caches. 57 caches (i.e. one third of the total) has been analyzed in the Moravian Karst and 11 caches in the Vrátna dolina valley. To assess impacts, own classification of indicators has been suggested, such as cache attendance, environment attractiveness or visually detected impacts of geocaching on natural environment. Our study revealed the major risk lies primarily in geo-highways which – with respect to soil type, land cover and intensity of cache attendance – grow rather fast. Despite the local nature of detected impacts, an increased attention shall be devoted to environment care and specifically to regulation of attendance.

scholarly journals COMPETITIVENESS OF SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM AT THE BROMO TENGGER SEMERU NATIONAL PARK

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-62
Author(s):  
Joshi Maharani Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Tourism Destination ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Travel And Tourism ◽  
Negative Impacts

Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (BTSNP) is one of the conservation areas in Indonesian that functions as a protected area, a biosphere reserve area, and a tourism destination. The research was conducted to determine the BTSNP sustainable competitiveness potential as a tourism destination as well as conservation area. This research used secondary data obtained from the TripAdvisor site in 2018 and primary data obtained through interviews, FGD, documentation, and observation. The data was analyzed by using a sentiment analysis approach based on the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI) concept. The result showed that BTSNP’s sustainable competitiveness was most negatively influenced by tourism policy and environmental conditions. To overcome those of negative impacts, the related stakeholders need to apply more suitable policies based on natural and social condition of BTSNP, such as biosphere reserve and local tourism clustering-based policy. The purpose of developing a new local tourism attraction (clustering) in BTSNP was to overcome waste and excess tourist capacity in the BTSNP protected area. The clustering also aims to maximize local tourism development strategies based on the biosphere reserve concept in the BTSNP area. So, the policies related to biosphere reserve and tourism clustering can effectively increase sustainable competitiveness ecotourism in BTSNP.

scholarly journals Gestão do uso público em parques urbanos: o caso do Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (RJ)

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Pellin ◽  
Gislaine de Carvalho ◽  
Jussara Christina Reis ◽  
Andrea Pellin
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Environmental Education ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Urban Park ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Big Cities ◽  
Environmental Causes

As Unidades de Conservação urbanas apresentam vários benefícios e valores associados a sua existência. Entre os principais, destaca-se a possibilidade de desenvolvimento de bons programas de uso público, que têm grande potencial para promover uma maior integração entre estas áreas e a população que vive nas grandes cidades. Este artigo discute essas potencialidades utilizando o caso do Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca (PEPB) – Rio de Janeiro, maior parque urbano do país. Para isso, foi identificado o perfil dos usuários da UC, a partir de entrevistas realizadas com 203 visitantes. Também foi realizada a caracterização das infraestruturas e atividades oferecidas, por meio de observações em campo e entrevistas junto aos funcionários do Parque. Os resultados demonstraram que a visitação no PEPB ainda é bastante incipiente, se comparada ao grande potencial que apresenta. Apesar disso, a UC é uma importante alternativa para recreação de moradores dos bairros localizados em seu entorno imediato. Acredita-se que o Parque apresenta oportunidades de fortalecimento e ampliação da visitação e que, desde que isso seja feito de forma ordenada e com base em um bom programa de uso público, poderá contribuir para a sensibilização de grande número de pessoas, disseminando conceitos sobre conservação da natureza e angariando parceiros em defesa das causas ambientais e proteção desta UC. Management of public use in urban protected areas: the case of Pedra Branca State Park (RJ, Brazil) ABSTRACT The urban protected areas have several benefits and values associate with their existence. Among the main, the possibility of development of good public use programs has distinction because of their great potential to promote a bigger integration between these areas and the population living in big cities. This article discusses these capabilities using the case of Pedra Branca State Park (PBSP) – Rio de Janeiro, the biggest urban park in the country. For this, was identified the profile of park visitors, with interviews conducted with 203 people. It was realized too the characterization of the infrastructure and offered activities, from field observations and interviews with employees of the Park. The results demonstrate that the visitation in the PBSP still is too incipient if compared to big potential that this area shows. Nevertheless, the PBSP is an important alternative to recreation of the residents located in its immediate surroundings. It is believed that the Park offers opportunities for visitation strengthening and expanding, and if this is done in an orderly way and based on a good public use program will be able to contribute to the sensitization of a great number of people, disseminating concepts of nature conservation and raising partners in defense of environmental causes and protection of this protected area. KEYWORDS: Protected Areas; Urban Paks; Tourism; Environmental Education.

scholarly journals The status of the Endangered Persian leopard Panthera pardus saxicolor in Bamu National Park, Iran

Oryx ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Ghoddousi ◽  
Amirhossein Kh. Hamidi ◽  
Taher Ghadirian ◽  
Delaram Ashayeri ◽  
Igor Khorozyan
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Panthera Pardus ◽  
Demographic Structure ◽  
Visitation Rates ◽  
The Status ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
Persian Leopard ◽  
Jackknife Estimator

AbstractWe describe the use of camera-trapping with capture-recapture, occupancy and visitation rate modelling to study the size, demographic structure and distribution of the Persian leopard Panthera pardus saxicolor in Bamu National Park, southern Iran. A total sampling effort of 1,012 trap-nights yielded photo-captures of four adults, two subadult individuals and a cub over 21 sampling occasions. The leopard population size estimated by the M(h) model and jackknife estimator was 6.00 ± SE 0.24 individuals. This gives a density of 1.87 ± SE 0.07 leopards per 100 km2. Detection probability was constant and low and, as a result, estimated occupancy rate was significantly higher than that predicted from photographic capture sites alone. Occupancy was 56% of the protected area and visitation rates were 0.01–0.05 visits per day. The most imminent threats to leopards in Bamu are poaching and habitat fragmentation.

scholarly journals Tijuca National Park: two pioneering restorationist initiatives in Atlantic forest in southeastern Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 975-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Freitas ◽  
C. L. Neves ◽  
P. Chernicharo
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
National Park ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Urban Park ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Red Lists

As a contribution to the environmental history of the Tijuca National Park, we report on two pioneering restorationist initiatives and list its the mammal species now found in this urban park. The Tijuca National Park (TNP), a 3,200 ha urban park covered by secondary tropical forest, is located within Rio de Janeiro, in southeastern Brazil. The two restorationist initiatives were a pioneer tropical forest restoration project in the nineteenth century and a fauna management project in the 70' s. The mammal list presented here was based on specimens in the Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro and on publications. The mammal community of TNP is composed of 49 species, of which 11 are on regional red lists, and four are on the 2003 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Occurrence of these threatened species and the park history itself made the TNP a priority site for studying conservation, management, and monitoring. Besides maintaining fauna and flora (including threatened species) diversity, the park benefits the population of Rio de Janeiro by providing water, green areas, and recreational and touristic opportunities.

scholarly journals Impacto das Estradas na Distribuição de Besouros em um Fragmento de Mata Atlântica de Encosta no Parque Nacional da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ.

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wallace Beiroz ◽  
André Scarambone Zaú ◽  
Evaristo Castro Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Edge Effects ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
National Park ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Trophic Groups ◽  
Mata Atlântica ◽  
The Road ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mata Atlantica

A ação antrópica vem transformando as paisagens florestais em manchas isoladas de remanescentes, o que intensifica os efeitos de borda. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar efeitos sobre besouros em um trecho de Mata Atlântica de encosta. Foram realizadas coletas mensais de maio de 2008 a abril de 2009, com armadilhas pitfall sem isca em seis sítios encosta acima da estrada, nas distâncias de 5, 30, 60 e 100m, no Parque Nacional da Tijuca – RJ. O material foi triado (acima de 2mm) e identificadas as famílias, com seus respectivos grupos tróficos. Foram inventariados 7449 indivíduos de 17 famílias e seis morfo-espécies não identificadas. As famílias mais abundantes foram Staphylinidae, Nitidulidae, Scarabaeidae e Scolytidae. Staphylinidae foi o mais abundante, consequentemente o grupo dos carnívoros também. As famílias mais abundantes ditaram a distribuição dos grupos tróficos ao longo do ano. Não houve diferença significativa entre as distâncias, tanto para as famílias, quanto para os grupos tróficos, assim como foi encontrado um padrão no agrupamento dos pontos de coleta. Os dados podem estar condicionados pela heterogeneidade ambiental, ou não há um padrão claro devido ao nível taxonômico analisado. Há uma distribuição diferenciada para cada família, sazonalmente. Os grupos tróficos apresentam suas respostas relacionadas pelas famílias mais abundantes. Sugere-se que as respostas estejam sendo moldadas por condições proporcionadas por fatores estruturais e/ou históricos do local e não por possíveis efeitos de borda. Impacts of Road in the Distribution of Beetles in a Fragment of Atlantic Forest Hill in Tijuca National Park, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Abstract. The human pressures are transforming the landscape into isolated patches of forest remnants, which enhances the edge effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects on beetles in a stretch of slope Atlantic Forest. Were collected monthly from May 2008 to April 2009, with no bait pitfall traps at six transects hillside above the road at distances of 5, 30, 60 and 100 m, Tijuca National Park - RJ. The material was sorted (over 2mm) and identified the families, with their respective trophic groups. We recorded 7449 individuals from 17 families and six unidentified morphospecies. The families were the most abundant Staphylinidae, Nitidulidae, Scarabaeidae and Scolytidae. Staphylinidae was the most abundant, therefore the group of carnivores, too. The most abundant families dictated the distribution of trophic groups throughout the year. There was no significant difference between the distances, both for families and for the trophic groups, and found a pattern in the grouping of the sites. The data may be constrained by environmental heterogeneity, or there is a clear pattern because of the taxonomic level examined. There is a distinct distribution for each family, seasonally. Trophic groups present their answers regarding the most abundant families. It is suggested that the responses are being shaped by the conditions offered by structural factors and historical site and not by possible edge effects.

Vegetation trends in a protected area of the Brazilian Atlantic forest

2021 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 106180
Author(s):  
Rosane Gomes da Silva ◽  
Alexandre Rosa dos Santos ◽  
João Batista Esteves Pelúzio ◽  
Nilton César Fiedler ◽  
Ronie Silva Juvanhol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest

scholarly journals Design for Circularity Guidelines for the EEE Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3923
Author(s):  
Anton Berwald ◽  
Gergana Dimitrova ◽  
Thijs Feenstra ◽  
Joop Onnekink ◽  
Harm Peters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Stakeholder Collaboration ◽  
Weee Recycling ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
Different Levels

The increased diversity and complexity of plastics used in modern devices, such as electrical and electronic equipment (EEE), can have negative impacts on their recyclability. Today, the main economic driver for waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) recycling stems from metal recovery. WEEE plastics recycling, on the other hand, still represents a major challenge. Strategies like design ‘for’, but also the much younger concept of design ‘from’ recycling play a key role in closing the material loops within a circular economy. While these strategies are usually analysed separately, this brief report harmonises them in comprehensive Design for Circularity guidelines, established in a multi-stakeholder collaboration with industry leaders from the entire WEEE value chain. The guidelines were developed at the product and part levels. They are divided in five categories: (1) avoidance of hazardous substances; (2) enabling easy access and removal of hazardous or polluting parts; (3) use of recyclable materials; (4) use of material combinations and connections allowing easy liberation; (5) use of recycled materials. These guidelines are the first harmonised set to be released for the EEE industry. They can readily serve decision-makers from different levels, including product designers and manufacturers as well as policymakers.

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