scholarly journals Design for Circularity Guidelines for the EEE Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3923
Author(s):  
Anton Berwald ◽  
Gergana Dimitrova ◽  
Thijs Feenstra ◽  
Joop Onnekink ◽  
Harm Peters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Stakeholder Collaboration ◽  
Weee Recycling ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
Different Levels

The increased diversity and complexity of plastics used in modern devices, such as electrical and electronic equipment (EEE), can have negative impacts on their recyclability. Today, the main economic driver for waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) recycling stems from metal recovery. WEEE plastics recycling, on the other hand, still represents a major challenge. Strategies like design ‘for’, but also the much younger concept of design ‘from’ recycling play a key role in closing the material loops within a circular economy. While these strategies are usually analysed separately, this brief report harmonises them in comprehensive Design for Circularity guidelines, established in a multi-stakeholder collaboration with industry leaders from the entire WEEE value chain. The guidelines were developed at the product and part levels. They are divided in five categories: (1) avoidance of hazardous substances; (2) enabling easy access and removal of hazardous or polluting parts; (3) use of recyclable materials; (4) use of material combinations and connections allowing easy liberation; (5) use of recycled materials. These guidelines are the first harmonised set to be released for the EEE industry. They can readily serve decision-makers from different levels, including product designers and manufacturers as well as policymakers.

Value Chain Simulation and Analysis Methods to Design Recycling Systems

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romain Farel ◽  
Bernard Yannou
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Industrial Systems ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
Industrial Ecosystems ◽  
Recycling Systems ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
Support Methods

Creating a new recycling system generally suffers from the lack of a coordinated group of stakeholders rather than technical issues of treatment, or available recyclable deposit. Value chain concept and methods has assumed a dominant position in studying industry from management and coordination point of view. Decision support methods using value chain require the acquisition of data from various existing corporate databases or data warehouses. As an effort in developing a methodology and in result of conducting a national industrial recycling chain in France, this study proposes a general value chain design approach which provides a new direction for research and application of value chain from scratch for multi-stakeholder industrial systems. This paper introduces value chain design as a way to determine, model, and analyze and evaluate the industrial ecosystems, in order to generate future scenarios and provide evaluation criteria for decision makers.

scholarly journals MAPPING AND MONITORING GROUND INSTABILITIES WITH SENTINEL-1 DATA: THE EXPERIENCE OF SERNAGEOMIN

2020 ◽  
Vol XLII-3/W12-2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
P. Olea ◽  
O. Monserrat ◽  
C. Sierralta ◽  
A. Barra ◽  
L. Bono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Sar Interferometry ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sar Imagery ◽  
Geohazard Risk ◽  
Reliable Solution ◽  
Differential Sar Interferometry ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract. The application of Satellite Differential SAR interferometry (DInSAR) has become a reliable solution as a tool for mapping and monitoring geohazards. Few years ago, the main applications of these techniques were devoted to science. However, nowadays, the easy access to SAR imagery and the maturity of the techniques to exploit these type of data has widened the user’s spectrum from only scientists to professional and decision makers. The advent of Sentinel-1 satellites has significantly contributed to this achievement. In particular, in the field of geohazard risk management, Sentinel-1 has solved one of the main constraining factors that hindered the operational use of interferometric techniques in the past: the lack of systematic acquisition plans. In this context, Sentinel-1 assures worldwide coverage with short temporal baselines (6 to 24 days). This has supposed a definitive step towards the implementation of DInSAR based techniques to support decision makers against geohazards. In this work, we show the first experiences of the remote sensing unit of the Geological and Mining Survey of Chile (Sernageomin) with Sentinel-1 data. Three different case studies in different areas of the Chilean territory are presented. The examples illustrate how DInSAR based techniques can provide different levels of information about geohazard activity in different environments.

The Philippines and Indonesia

2021 ◽  
pp. 127-154
Author(s):  
Richard F. Doner ◽  
Gregory W Noble ◽  
John Ravenhill
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Multinational Corporation ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Popular Pressure ◽  
Intensive Development ◽  
Different Levels

Where Thailand succeeded at extensive development, the Philippines and Indonesia long floundered. Both countries initiated systematic automotive industrialization efforts in the early 1970s. The Philippines developed a detailed program to combine local supplier upgrading with MNC (multinational corporation)-linked exports, whereas Indonesia pursued a more straightforward intensive development strategy aimed at a complete value chain based on local assemblers and suppliers. Neither succeeded. Permissive conditions—weak external threats, limited popular pressure, and relatively easy access to foreign exchange—undermined policy stability and hindered both countries’ efforts at developing institutions capable of strengthening local firms and linkages. Occasional moves toward more extensive development occurred in response to the sporadic tightening of economic pressures. These nevertheless resulted in distinctly different levels of progress: Indonesia has gradually begun to rival Thailand as an MNC assembly base, whereas despite the Philippines’ early status as an automotive pioneer, its auto industry has remained a case of “arrested development.”

scholarly journals Recycling Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) and the Management of Its Toxic Substances in Taiwan—A Case Study

Toxics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Wen-Tien Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Brominated Flame Retardants ◽  
Chemical Substance ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Toxic Chemical ◽  
Recycling System ◽  
International Trends ◽  
Weee Recycling

In the past two decades, the waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) management has become an important environmental issue internationally because it contained hazardous substances like heavy metals and brominated flame retardants. Moreover, some valuable substances were used in the electrical and electronic products, thus representing a circular industry for recycling of WEEE. Therefore, the Taiwan government formulated a legal WEEE recycling system since 1998 in response to the international trends of sustainable waste management and extended producer responsibility (EPR). This article adopted the national statistics in Taiwan regarding the online reporting amounts of collected WEEE since it has been officially designated as one of the mandatory recyclable wastes. Furthermore, the regulatory measures were addressed to update the status and subsidiary fee rates of WEEE recycling in Taiwan. In addition, this article also put emphasis on the regulations governing the toxic chemical substances contained in the WEEE. It showed that the average annual recycling amounts of home electronic appliances, information technology products and lighting in Taiwan during the 2017–2018 were around 117,000, 18,000 and 4500 metric tons, respectively. It was also indicated that the current WEEE recycling market in Taiwan has become saturated, reflecting the regulatory promulgation and promotional measures successfully. In response to the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and the Minamata Convention on Mercury, the Taiwan government declared some brominated flame retardants and heavy metals (i.e., mercury and cadmium) as a “toxic chemical substance” under the Toxic and Concerned Chemical Substance Control Act (TCCSCA), which shall be prohibited to use in the preparation of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) since 1 January 2016. Through the central governing authority, local governments, and private recyclers in Taiwan, the successful WEEE recycling system not only reduce the pressure on sanitary disposal systems, but also prevent the chemical hazards from solid waste incineration systems. More significantly, the WEEE recycling in Taiwan echoed the United Nations (UN) Agenda 2030 for sustainable development goals.

scholarly journals Co-Creation Facilitates Translational Research on Upper Limb Prosthetics

Prosthesis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-118
Author(s):  
Hannah Jones ◽  
Sigrid Dupan ◽  
Maxford Coutinho ◽  
Sarah Day ◽  
Deirdre Desmond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Limb ◽  
Rehabilitation Centre ◽  
Stakeholder Collaboration ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Academic Knowledge ◽  
Upper Limb Prosthesis ◽  
The People ◽  
User Data ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
Upper Limb Prosthetics

People who either use an upper limb prosthesis and/or have used services provided by a prosthetic rehabilitation centre, hereafter called users, are yet to benefit from the fast-paced growth in academic knowledge within the field of upper limb prosthetics. Crucially over the past decade, research has acknowledged the limitations of conducting laboratory-based studies for clinical translation. This has led to an increase, albeit rather small, in trials that gather real-world user data. Multi-stakeholder collaboration is critical within such trials, especially between researchers, users, and clinicians, as well as policy makers, charity representatives, and industry specialists. This paper presents a co-creation model that enables researchers to collaborate with multiple stakeholders, including users, throughout the duration of a study. This approach can lead to a transition in defining the roles of stakeholders, such as users, from participants to co-researchers. This presents a scenario whereby the boundaries between research and participation become blurred and ethical considerations may become complex. However, the time and resources that are required to conduct co-creation within academia can lead to greater impact and benefit the people that the research aims to serve.

scholarly journals E-Commerce Calls for Cyber-Security and Sustainability: How European Citizens Look for a Trusted Online Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6752
Author(s):  
Idiano D’Adamo ◽  
Rocío González-Sánchez ◽  
Maria Sonia Medina-Salgado ◽  
Davide Settembre-Blundo
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Different Levels

The pandemic has changed the citizens’ behavior, inducing them to avoid any real contact. This has given an incredible impulse to e-commerce; however, the complexity of the topic has not yet been adequately explored in the literature. To fill this gap, this study has a twofold purpose: (1) to investigate how European countries comparatively perform in e-commerce, and (2) to describe what are the most important challenges for the further expansion of e-commerce. To this end, we adopted a hybrid methodology based on multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) and a Likert scale survey. The first method allows to us rank the e-commerce performance of different European countries, while the second one looks at the problems and barriers that characterize online shopping. The results of the study show that European countries have different sensitivities to the issue of cyber-security, and among them it is possible to identify three groups with different levels of attention to the critical issues of e-commerce. The Netherlands, Sweden and Denmark belong to the group of countries most responsive to e-commerce. This request is part of a broader framework of transition toward sustainable development, i.e., a reliable digital environment where citizens and businesses can exercise their rights and freedoms in complete security. Finally, from a theoretical perspective, this paper adds a new baseline to the literature on the state of the art of e-commerce in Europe that addresses the effects of the pandemic. From a managerial point of view, decision makers can find in the results of this analysis a support for the setting of business strategies for the expansion of firms in certain markets and guidance for public authorities when defining regulatory policies for e-commerce.

scholarly journals Multi-stakeholder collaboration in the redesign of family-centered rounds process

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anping Xie ◽  
Pascale Carayon ◽  
Randi Cartmill ◽  
Yaqiong Li ◽  
Elizabeth D. Cox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stakeholder Collaboration ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
Family Centered

scholarly journals Iranian Steel Industry: Domination of Dispersed Direct Reduction Plants in an Inefficient Value Chain and a Droughty Environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepehr Ghazinoory ◽  
Mehdi Fatemi ◽  
Abolfazl Adab
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Material Flow ◽  
Steel Ingot ◽  
Direct Reduction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Material Flow Analysis ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Easy Access

Abstract Iran has a great advantage in the development of the steel industry due to its access to mineral resources and energy, extensive consumer market, and low-cost labor. In this article, the Iranian steel value chain in 2014-2016 is studied using the value chain analysis and material flow analysis. Accordingly, based on the statistics related to the input and output of each echelon in the chain, the material flow is analyzed throughout the value chain. Then the total added value from the chain, the share of different stages, and the various costs in each echelon are calculated. According to the research findings, weakness in the development of transportation infrastructure and poor geographical distribution of value chain units has led to the deviation of production from nominal capacity and frequent imports/exports throughout the chain. On the other hand, the upstream industries have a permanent advantage that deeply roots in easy access to the minerals and lower costs in transportation and energy. Finally, the pricing of intermediate products based on the ratio of steel ingot prices is criticized, while wage conversion and commodity purification contracts are proposed as possible solutions for the reduction of overhead costs.

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