Fault Tolerance Based Load Balancing Approach for Web Resources in Cloud Environment

Cloud computing consists group of heterogeneous resources scattered around the world connected through the network. Since high performance computing is strongly interlinked with geographically distributed service to interact with each other in wide area network, Cloud computing makes the architecture consistent, low-cost, and well-suited with concurrent services. This paper presents a fault tolerance load balancing technique based on resource load and fault index value. The proposed technique works in two phases: resource selection and task execution. The resource selection phase selects the suitable resource for task execution. A resource with least resource load and fault index value is selected for task execution. Further task execution phase sets checkpoints at various intervals for saving the task state periodically. The checkpoints are set at various intervals based on resource fault index. When a task is executed on a resource, fault index value of selected resource is updated accordingly. This reduces the checkpoint overhead by avoiding unnecessary placements of checkpoints. The proposed model is validated on CloudSim and provides improved performance in terms of response time, makespan, throughput and checkpoint overhead in comparison to other state-of-the-art methods.

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A Review on Load Balancing Model Using Best Partition Technique

International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering ◽

10.23956/ijarcsse.v7i8.69 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 284

Author(s):

M. Chaitanya ◽

K. Durga Charan

Keyword(s):

Cloud Computing ◽

Fault Tolerance ◽

Load Balancing ◽

Load Balance ◽

Large Impact ◽

Cloud Environment ◽

Public Cloud ◽

The Public ◽

Partition Technique ◽

Textual Content

Load balancing makes cloud computing greater knowledgeable and could increase client pleasure. At reward cloud computing is among the all most systems which offer garage of expertise in very lowers charge and available all the time over the net. However, it has extra vital hassle like security, load administration and fault tolerance. Load balancing inside the cloud computing surroundings has a large impact at the presentation. The set of regulations relates the sport idea to the load balancing manner to amplify the abilties in the public cloud environment. This textual content pronounces an extended load balance mannequin for the majority cloud concentrated on the cloud segregating proposal with a swap mechanism to select specific strategies for great occasions.

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Factors Affecting Fault Tolerance during Load Balancing in Cloud Computing

Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) ◽

10.17762/turcomat.v12i11.6079 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 1523-1533

Author(s):

Bidush Kumar Sahoo , Et. al.

Keyword(s):

Cloud Computing ◽

Fault Tolerance ◽

Load Balancing ◽

South India ◽

Analysis Tool ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Software Firms ◽

Statistical Analysis Tool ◽

Cost Efficient ◽

Support Cost

Cloud computing is built upon the advancement of virtualization and distributed computing to support cost-efficient usage of computing resources and to provide on demand services. After methodical analysis on various factors affecting fault tolerance during load balancing is performed and it is concluded that the factors influencing fault tolerance in load balancing are cloud security, adaptability etc. in comparatively more software firms. In this paper, we have created a model for various IT industries for checking the fault tolerance during Load balancing. An exploration is done with the help of some renowned IT farms and industries in South India. This work consists of 20 hypotheses which may affect the fault tolerance during load balancing in South India. It is verified by using potential statistical analysis tool i.e. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS).

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A New Approach in Cloud Computing User Authentication

Web Services ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-7501-6.ch072 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1393-1410

Author(s):

Alaa Hussein Al-Hamami ◽

Rafal A. Al-Khashab

Keyword(s):

Cloud Computing ◽

High Performance ◽

User Authentication ◽

Low Cost ◽

Remote Access ◽

Security And Privacy ◽

Main Concern ◽

Security Measures ◽

User Privacy ◽

Is Security

Cloud computing provides the full scalability, reliability, high performance and relatively low cost feasible solution as compared to dedicated infrastructure. These features make cloud computing more attractive to users and intruders. It needs more and complex security measures to protect user privacy and data centers. The main concern in this chapter is security, privacy and trust. This chapter will give a discussion and a suggestion for using cloud computing to preserve security and privacy. The malicious hacker and other threats are considering the major cause of leaking security of the personal cloud due to centralized location and remote accesses to the cloud. According to attacks, a centralized location can be easier target rather than several goals and remote access is insecure technologies which offer a boundary of options for attackers to infiltrate enterprises. The biggest concern is attackers that will use the remote connection as a jumping point to get deeper into an organization.

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Hierarchical Load Balancing Model by Optimal Resource Utilization

Research Anthology on Architectures, Frameworks, and Integration Strategies for Distributed and Cloud Computing ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-5339-8.ch007 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 150-164

Author(s):

Jagdish Chandra Patni

Keyword(s):

Load Balancing ◽

Grid Computing ◽

Resource Utilization ◽

Resource Availability ◽

High Performance ◽

Low Cost ◽

Original Form ◽

Computing Paradigm ◽

Optimal Resource ◽

Performance Computing

Powerful computational capabilities and resource availability at a low cost is the utmost demand for high performance computing. The resources for computing can viewed as the edges of an interconnected grid. It can attain the capabilities of grid computing by balancing the load at various levels. Since the nature of resources are heterogeneous and distributed geographically, the grid computing paradigm in its original form cannot be used to meet the requirements, so it can use the capabilities of the cloud and other technologies to achieve the goal. Resource heterogeneity makes grid computing more dynamic and challenging. Therefore, in this article the problem of scalability, heterogeneity and adaptability of grid computing is discussed with a perspective of providing high computing, load balancing and availability of resources.

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LPWAN-Based Vehicular Monitoring Platform with a Generic IP Network Interface

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s19020264 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 264 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

José Santa ◽

Ramon Sanchez-Iborra ◽

Pablo Rodriguez-Rey ◽

Luis Bernal-Escobedo ◽

Antonio Skarmeta

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Traffic Monitoring ◽

Wide Area ◽

Network Interface ◽

Area Network ◽

Wide Area Network ◽

Compression Scheme ◽

Campus Environment ◽

Transmission Distance ◽

Monitoring Platform

Remote vehicle monitoring is a field that has recently attracted the attention of both academia and industry. With the dawn of the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm, the possibilities for performing this task have multiplied, due to the emergence of low-cost and multi-purpose monitoring devices and the evolution of wireless transmission technologies. Low Power-Wide Area Network (LPWAN) encompasses a set of IoT communication technologies that are gaining momentum, due to their highly valued features regarding transmission distance and end-device energy consumption. For that reason, in this work we present a vehicular monitoring platform enabled by LPWAN-based technology, namely Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN). Concretely, we explore the end-to-end architecture considering vehicle data retrieving by using an On-Board Diagnostics II (OBD-II) interface, their compression with a novel IETF compression scheme in order to transmit them over the constrained LoRaWAN link, and information visualization through a data server hosted in the cloud, by means of a web-based dashboard. A key advance of the proposal is the design and development of a UNIX-based network interface for LPWAN communications. The whole system has been tested in a university campus environment, showing its capabilities to remotely track vehicle status in real-time. The conducted performance evaluation also shows high levels of reliability in the transmission link, with packet delivery ratios over 95%. The platform boosts the process of monitoring vehicles, enabling a variety of services such as mechanical failure prediction and detection, fleet management, and traffic monitoring, and is extensible to light vehicles with severe power constraints.

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Low Cost Circularly Polarized Antenna for IoT Space Applications

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics9101564 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 1564

Author(s):

Le Huy Trinh ◽

Nguyen Vu Truong ◽

Fabien Ferrero

Keyword(s):

Circular Polarization ◽

Radiation Pattern ◽

Insertion Loss ◽

Low Cost ◽

Total Efficiency ◽

Area Network ◽

Wide Area Network ◽

Space Applications ◽

Circularly Polarized ◽

Compact Size

This work presents the use of a three-element radiating structure for circularly polarized Low-Power Wide Area Network (LP-WAN) communication with space. The proposed structure has a 72 mm × 72 mm × 12 mm compact size with Right-Handed Circular Polarization (RHCP) and a 120∘ wide beamwidth radiation pattern. Printed on low-cost FR4 Epoxy substrate, a feeding network circuit based on Quasi Lumped Quadrature Coupler (QLQC), it achieves a −0.6 dB insertion loss and a very compact size. The final structure has a 69% total efficiency and a 3.14 dBic realized gain.

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LoRaWAN Mesh Networks: A Review and Classification of Multihop Communication

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20154273 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (15) ◽

pp. 4273

Author(s):

Jeferson Rodrigues Cotrim ◽

João Henrique Kleinschmidt

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Simulation Analysis ◽

Mesh Networks ◽

Smart Cities ◽

Low Cost ◽

Wide Area ◽

Area Network ◽

Full Potential ◽

Wide Area Network ◽

Coverage Area

The growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) led to the deployment of many applications that use wireless networks, like smart cities and smart agriculture. Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) meet many requirements of IoT, such as energy efficiency, low cost, large coverage area, and large-scale deployment. Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) networks are one of the most studied and implemented LPWAN technologies, due to the facility to build private networks with an open standard. Typical LoRaWAN networks are single-hop in a star topology, composed of end-devices that transmit data directly to gateways. Recently, several studies proposed multihop LoRaWAN networks, thus forming wireless mesh networks. This article provides a review of the state-of-the-art multihop proposals for LoRaWAN. In addition, we carried out a comparative analysis and classification, considering technical characteristics, intermediate devices function, and network topologies. This paper also discusses open issues and future directions to realize the full potential of multihop networking. We hope to encourage other researchers to work on improving the performance of LoRaWAN mesh networks, with more theoretical and simulation analysis, as well as practical deployments.

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Eco-Efficient Mobility in Smart City Scenarios

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12208443 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (20) ◽

pp. 8443

Author(s):

Ramon Sanchez-Iborra ◽

Luis Bernal-Escobedo ◽

José Santa

Keyword(s):

Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽

Smart City ◽

Smart Cities ◽

Low Cost ◽

Transportation Systems ◽

Area Network ◽

Wide Area Network ◽

Fully Integrated ◽

Personal Mobility ◽

Traffic Efficiency

Cooperative-Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITS) have brought a technological revolution, especially for ground vehicles, in terms of road safety, traffic efficiency, as well as in the experience of drivers and passengers. So far, these advances have been focused on traditional transportation means, leaving aside the new generation of personal vehicles that are nowadays flooding our streets. Together with bicycles and motorcycles, personal mobility devices such as segways or electric scooters are firm sustainable alternatives that represent the future to achieve eco-friendly personal mobility in urban settings. In a near future, smart cities will become hyper-connected spaces where these vehicles should be integrated within the underlying C-ITS ecosystem. In this paper, we provide a wide overview of the opportunities and challenges related to this necessary integration as well as the communication solutions that are already in the market to provide these moving devices with low-cost and efficient connectivity. We also present an On-Board Unit (OBU) prototype with different communication options based on the Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) paradigm and several sensors to gather environmental information to facilitate eco-efficiency services. As the attained results suggest, this module allows personal vehicles to be fully integrated in smart city environments, presenting the possibilities of LoRaWAN and Narrow Band-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) communication technologies to provide vehicle connectivity and enable mobile urban sensing.

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Low-Cost LoRaWAN Node for Agro-Intelligence IoT

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics9060987 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 987 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Antonio Valente ◽

Sérgio Silva ◽

Diogo Duarte ◽

Filipe Cabral Pinto ◽

Salviano Soares

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

Effective Control ◽

Area Network ◽

Wide Area Network ◽

Lightning Strikes ◽

Intelligent Sensors ◽

Increase Productivity ◽

Smart Agriculture ◽

Water Tension

Intelligent agriculture in general, but especially when agricultural fields are very heterogeneous, requires a large number of sensors in order to obtain an effective control and thus increase productivity. This need becomes more evident in vineyards on the farms of the demarcated Douro region due to the specificities of the territory and the vineyards themselves. Thus, it is necessary to have low cost sensors which are, essentially, easy to install and maintain. In the present work, a node with these characteristics was developed, which, in addition, is low consumption and communicates wirelessly through a Long Rang Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) network. To obtain an easy installation, a library of clusters was created for the LoRaWAN network and dedicated to sensors used in agriculture, especially those using an asynchronous serial protocol for intelligent sensors. Three nodes were developed and tested with sensors used in agriculture to measure several environmental parameters (soil and air temperature; wind speed, gust and direction; soil water content, water tension and electrical conductivity; solar radiation; precipitation; atmospheric and vapor pressure; relative humidity; and lightning strikes count). The three nodes send data to a server through an existing gateway on the farm. The data are decoded and sent to an Internet-of-Things analytics platform where it is aggregated, viewed and analyzed. Samples of the data collected are presented. The developed nodes are of small dimensions ( 85 × 65 × 35 m m ), thus making them easy to handle and install. Energy consumption depends on the distance to the gateway, and the number and type of sensors connected to each node. In the implemented cases, the maximum consumption was ≈ 400 μ A . The development of a cluster based library makes the node plug-and-play. The developed nodes will be a great step forward for the use of wireless sensors in smart agriculture in Douro vineyards.

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