scholarly journals Eco-Efficient Mobility in Smart City Scenarios

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8443
Author(s):  
Ramon Sanchez-Iborra ◽  
Luis Bernal-Escobedo ◽  
José Santa
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Personal Mobility ◽  
Traffic Efficiency

Cooperative-Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITS) have brought a technological revolution, especially for ground vehicles, in terms of road safety, traffic efficiency, as well as in the experience of drivers and passengers. So far, these advances have been focused on traditional transportation means, leaving aside the new generation of personal vehicles that are nowadays flooding our streets. Together with bicycles and motorcycles, personal mobility devices such as segways or electric scooters are firm sustainable alternatives that represent the future to achieve eco-friendly personal mobility in urban settings. In a near future, smart cities will become hyper-connected spaces where these vehicles should be integrated within the underlying C-ITS ecosystem. In this paper, we provide a wide overview of the opportunities and challenges related to this necessary integration as well as the communication solutions that are already in the market to provide these moving devices with low-cost and efficient connectivity. We also present an On-Board Unit (OBU) prototype with different communication options based on the Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) paradigm and several sensors to gather environmental information to facilitate eco-efficiency services. As the attained results suggest, this module allows personal vehicles to be fully integrated in smart city environments, presenting the possibilities of LoRaWAN and Narrow Band-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) communication technologies to provide vehicle connectivity and enable mobile urban sensing.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Impact of Drone Signaling in Crosswalk Scenario

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Sana Bouassida ◽  
Najett Neji ◽  
Lydie Nouvelière ◽  
Jamel Neji
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Data Dissemination ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Traffic Efficiency ◽  
Braking Distance ◽  
The Impact

The characteristic pillars of a city are its economy, its mobility, its environment, its inhabitants, its way of life, and its organization. Since 1980, the concept of smart city generally consists of optimizing costs, organization, and the well-being of inhabitants. The idea is to develop means and solutions capable of meeting the needs of the population, while preserving resources and the environment. Owing to their little size, their flexibility, and their low cost, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) are today used in a huge number of daily life applications. UAV use cases can be classified into three categories: data covering (like surveillance and event covering), data relaying (like delivery and emergency services), and data dissemination (like cartography and precise agriculture). In addition, the interest to Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITS) has risen in these recent years, especially in the context of smart cities. In such systems, both drivers and traffic managers share the information and cooperate to coordinate their actions to ensure safety, traffic efficiency, and environment preservation. In this work, we aimed at introducing a UAV in a use case that is likely to happen in C-ITS. A conflict is considered involving a car and a pedestrian. A UAV observes from the top of the scene and will play the role of the situation controller, the information collector, and the assignment of the instructions to the car driver in case of a harmful situation to avoid car-pedestrian collision. To this end, we highlight interactions between the UAV and the car vehicle (U2V communication), as well as between the UAV and infrastructure (U2I communication). Hence, the benefit of using UAV is emphasized to reduce accident gravity rate, braking distance, energy consumption, and occasional visibility reduction.

scholarly journals LPWAN-based hybrid backhaul communication for intelligent transportation systems: architecture and performance evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taghi Shahgholi ◽  
Amir Sheikhahmadi ◽  
Keyhan Khamforoosh ◽  
Sadoon Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Intelligent Transportation System ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Traffic Monitoring ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Emergency Vehicle ◽  
Wide Area Network

AbstractIncreased number of the vehicles on the streets around the world has led to several problems including traffic congestion, emissions, and huge fuel consumption in many regions. With advances in wireless and traffic technologies, the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) has been introduced as a viable solution for solving these problems by implementing more efficient use of the current infrastructures. In this paper, the possibility of using cellular-based Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) communications, LTE-M and NB-IoT, for ITS applications has been investigated. LTE-M and NB-IoT are designed to provide long range, low power and low cost communication infrastructures and can be a promising option which has the potential to be employed immediately in real systems. In this paper, we have proposed an architecture to employ the LPWAN as a backhaul infrastructure for ITS and to understand the feasibility of the proposed model, two applications with low and high delay requirements have been examined: road traffic monitoring and emergency vehicle management. Then, the performance of using LTE-M and NB-IoT for providing backhaul communication infrastructure has been evaluated in a realistic simulation environment and compared for these two scenarios in terms of end-to-end latency per user. Simulation of Urban MObility has been used for realistic traffic generation and a Python-based program has been developed for evaluation of the communication system. The simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of using LPWAN for ITS backhaul infrastructure mostly in favor of the LTE-M over NB-IoT.

scholarly journals LoRaWAN Mesh Networks: A Review and Classification of Multihop Communication

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 4273
Author(s):  
Jeferson Rodrigues Cotrim ◽  
João Henrique Kleinschmidt
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Coverage Area

The growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) led to the deployment of many applications that use wireless networks, like smart cities and smart agriculture. Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) meet many requirements of IoT, such as energy efficiency, low cost, large coverage area, and large-scale deployment. Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) networks are one of the most studied and implemented LPWAN technologies, due to the facility to build private networks with an open standard. Typical LoRaWAN networks are single-hop in a star topology, composed of end-devices that transmit data directly to gateways. Recently, several studies proposed multihop LoRaWAN networks, thus forming wireless mesh networks. This article provides a review of the state-of-the-art multihop proposals for LoRaWAN. In addition, we carried out a comparative analysis and classification, considering technical characteristics, intermediate devices function, and network topologies. This paper also discusses open issues and future directions to realize the full potential of multihop networking. We hope to encourage other researchers to work on improving the performance of LoRaWAN mesh networks, with more theoretical and simulation analysis, as well as practical deployments.

scholarly journals 6G- Enabled Smart City Networking Model Using Lightweight Security Module

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Kamruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Sixth Generation ◽  
Security Module ◽  
Distributed Networking ◽  
Technological Improvements

Abstract Smart cities use lightweight security module technologies like sixth-generation (6G) and wireless connections to improve people's quality of life. A smart city can use a networking model to power and monitor many geographically distributed networking models to support various applications like energy and resource management, intelligent transportation systems, and e-health. To manage smart city resources efficiently and intelligently, a significant state architecture must service various technologies due to the enormous development in networking models and the amount of data they generate. This research work presents a smart city networking architecture for smart city environments employing the lightweight security module (SCNM-LSM) in this work in progress article. It first offers a new conceptual framework termed the conventional model for activity off-loading and resource allocation. Second, it enhances the standard model by including off-loading and resource allocation awareness. It expands on the specific research topics to create and study the effectiveness of individual components with the previous models to accommodate technological improvements like the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the sixth generation data transmission technology.

scholarly journals Smart Public Lighting Control and Measurement System Using LoRa Network

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Sánchez Sutil ◽  
Antonio Cano-Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
High Resolution Data

The installation of smart meters in smart cities to monitor streetlights (SLs) provides easy access to measurements of electrical variables and lighting levels, which improves the operation of installation. The use of smart meters in cities requires temporary high-resolution data to improve the energy efficiency (EE) of SLs. Long range (LoRa) is an ideal wireless protocol for use in smart cities due to its low energy consumption, secure communications, and long range indoors and outdoors. For this purpose, we developed a low-cost new system and successfully evaluated it by developing three devices, namely the measure and control device for street lights (MCDSL), lighting level measurement device (LLMD) and gateway LoRa network (GWLN), based on the Arduino open-source electronic platform. This paper describes the hardware and software design and its implementation. Further, an algorithm has been developed to enhance the energy efficiency of public lights using MCDSL, the energy efficiency for street lights (EESL) algorithm, that use the illumination level measured on the same set of SLs with a dynamic control, which assumed different lighting levels throughout the night, and adjusted luminous flux based on the traffic intensity of pedestrians. It sends the acquired data through the LoRa low-power wide-area-network (LPWAN) to the cloud.

scholarly journals Experimental Evaluation of LoRa in Transit Vehicle Tracking Service Based on Intelligent Transportation Systems and IoT

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1950
Author(s):  
Felipe Jurado Murillo ◽  
Juan Sebastián Quintero Yoshioka ◽  
Andrés David Varela López ◽  
Ricardo Salazar-Cabrera ◽  
Álvaro Pachón de la Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Experimental Information ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Vehicle Tracking ◽  
Receive Signal Strength Indicator ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Systems Architecture ◽  
Transmission Parameters

Long-range (LoRa) technology is a low power wide area network (LPWAN) technology that is currently being used for development of Internet of things (IoT)-based solutions. Transit transport, mainly in medium-sized cities where transit vehicles do not have exclusive lanes, is a service that can be improved with a tracking service using technology such as LoRa. Although some proposals exist, there is not enough experimental information to validate the LoRa technology as adequate. This article: (a) evaluates the operation of LoRa technology in a transit vehicle tracking service in a medium-sized city, based on an Intelligent Transportation Systems architecture and IoT; and (b) investigates optimal LoRa technology configuration parameters for the service. Experiments were performed in a semi-controlled environment using LoRa devices and a gateway, by measuring the received packets and the receive signal strength indicator (RSSI) and modifying: (a) distance; (b) number of devices; and (c) the main LoRa transmission parameters. Obtained results show the ideal values of parameters vary considerably with distance and number of devices used. There were very few settings of the experiments in which the RSSI and packet levels were adequate while distance and number of devices were both changed.

scholarly journals The Role of 5G Technologies: Challenges in Smart Cities and Intelligent Transportation Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Guevara ◽  
Fernando Auat Cheein
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
New Technology ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Legal Challenges ◽  
Current Scenario

The new mobile technology, 5G, challenges the current scenario in communications by overcoming the flaws of currently working 4G. Such new technology offers to smart cities and intelligent transportation systems a new way to become fully integrated by allowing massive simultaneous connections and ubiquity of network, even under high mobility situations or dense populated areas. In this way, 5G will become a key enabler for real Internet of Things and its corresponding Internet of Vehicles. This discussion is aimed at providing, in a comprehensive manner, how 5G technology will impact on smart cities, intelligent transportation systems –including autonomous or semi-autonomous vehicles– and vehicular communications, its technical, economic and legal challenges, in the following years.

scholarly journals Service-Oriented Cooperation Policies for Intelligent Ground Vehicles Approaching Intersections

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kailong Zhang ◽  
Ce Xie ◽  
Yujia Wang ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Arnaud Fortelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Intelligent Vehicles ◽  
Vehicular Communication ◽  
Ground Vehicles ◽  
Traffic Efficiency ◽  
Single Vehicle ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Major Factors

With the coming of intelligent vehicles and vehicular communication, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) of connected vehicles are emerging and now evolving to Cooperative-ITS (C-ITS), as service platforms for smart cities. Considering new service properties, the autonomous cooperation of such vehicles has exhibited novel QoS features that imply new requirements: guaranteeing the traffic efficiency of any emergent vehicle while trying to promote the throughput at an intersection. So, after analyzing the classic reservation-based cooperation mechanisms, new QoS-oriented cooperation methods and policies are studied in this work. Concretely, several models of related traffic objects we have proposed are firstly introduced briefly. Then, the scheduling policies of vehicles approaching an intersection have been presented, including three existing policies (FAFP-SV, FAFP-SQ, and HQEP-SV) and five new polices (FAFP-SQ-SV, FAFP-MQ, HWFP-SQ, HWFP-SQ-SV, HWFP-MQ). These policies combine two major factors: vehicular priority for scheduling and concurrency in traffics. The first one includes the vehicular arrival-time, priority mapped to QoS, and the weight of reserved vehicles on a lane etc. In addition, the second refers to schedule a platoon rather than single vehicle each time, or platoons on different lanes instead of one platoon on only one lane. All these policies have been implemented, and further, verified within the parameter-configurable traffic simulator QoS-CITS (v2.1) we designed and developed with C#. Abundant experiments have been conducted with configured typical traffic scenes, and experimental results show that HWFP-SQ-SV and HWFP-MQ can guarantee both the QoS of emergent vehicles and traffic throughput better than other six policies.

Quality indicator of the smart city transportation and logistics system

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 2116-2135
Author(s):  
G.V. Savin
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Logistics System ◽  
Organization And Management

Subject. The article considers functioning and development of process flows of transportation and logistics system of a smart city. Objectives. The study identifies factors and dependencies of the quality of human life on the organization and management of stream processes. Methods. I perform a comparative analysis of previous studies, taking into account the uniquely designed results, and the econometric analysis. Results. The study builds multiple regression models that are associated with stream processes, highlights interdependent indicators of temporary traffic and pollution that affect the indicator of life quality. However, the identified congestion indicator enables to predict the time spent in traffic jams per year for all participants of stream processes. Conclusions. The introduction of modern intelligent transportation systems as a component of the transportation and logistics system of a smart city does not fully solve the problems of congestion in cities at the current rate of urbanization and motorization. A viable solution is to develop cooperative and autonomous intelligent transportation systems based on the logistics approach. This will ensure control over congestion, the reduction of which will contribute to improving the life quality of people in urban areas.

scholarly journals A Multi-Loop Vehicle-Counting Method under Gray Mode and RGB Mode

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6831
Author(s):  
Yue Chen ◽  
Jian Lu
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Intelligent Transportation ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Counting Method ◽  
Moving Vehicle ◽  
Available Information

With the rapid development of road traffic, real-time vehicle counting is very important in the construction of intelligent transportation systems (ITSs). Compared with traditional technologies, the video-based method for vehicle counting shows great importance and huge advantages in its low cost, high efficiency, and flexibility. However, many methods find difficulty in balancing the accuracy and complexity of the algorithm. For example, compared with traditional and simple methods, deep learning methods may achieve higher precision, but they also greatly increase the complexity of the algorithm. In addition to that, most of the methods only work under one mode of color, which is a waste of available information. Considering the above, a multi-loop vehicle-counting method under gray mode and RGB mode was proposed in this paper. Under gray and RGB modes, the moving vehicle can be detected more completely; with the help of multiple loops, vehicle counting could better deal with different influencing factors, such as driving behavior, traffic environment, shooting angle, etc. The experimental results show that the proposed method is able to count vehicles with more than 98.5% accuracy while dealing with different road scenes.

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