scholarly journals Iron Deficiency in sports – definition, influence on performance and therapy

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Oral Iron ◽  
Altitude Training ◽  
Iron Intake ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
Cellular Volume ◽  
Elite Sports

Iron deficiency is frequent among athletes. All types of iron deficiency may affect physical performance and should be treated. The main mechanisms by which sport leads to iron deficiency are an increased iron demand, an elevated iron loss and a blockage of iron absorption due to hepcidin bursts. As a baseline set of blood tests, haemoglobin, haematocrit, mean cellular volume (MCV), mean cellular haemoglobin (MCH) and serum ferritin levels are the important parameters to monitor iron deficiency. In healthy male and female athletes >15 years, ferritin values <15µg/l are equivalent to empty, values from 15 to 30µg/l to low iron stores. Therefore a cut-off of 30µg/l is appropriate. For children aged from 6–12 years and younger adolescents from 12–15 years, cut-offs of 15 and 20µg/l, respectively are recommended. As an exception in adult elite sports, a ferritin value of 50µg/l should be attained in athletes prior to altitude training, as iron demands in these situations are increased. Treatment of iron deficiency consists of nutritional counselling and oral iron supplementation or, in specific cases, by intravenous injection. Athletes with repeatedly low ferritin values benefit from an intermittent oral substitution. It is important to follow up the athletes on an individual basis with the baseline blood tests listed above twice a year. A long-term daily oral iron intake or iv-supplementation in the presence of normal or even high ferritin values does not make sense and may be harmful.

scholarly journals Anemia in pregnancy: cliniсо-pathogenetic approaches to the management of pregnancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Anna S. Atajanyan
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Oral Iron ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Iron Intake ◽  
Anemia In Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

The review article defines iron deficiency anemia, the mechanisms determining iron deficiency in pregnancy, the complications of pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period, the methods of correction and prevention of iron deficiency, including a modern alternative to oral iron intake-its intravenous forms, which contribute to a rapid increase of iron levels. And also do not have toxicity and are easily tolerated.

Long-Term Follow-up after Robotic Cholecystectomy

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Bodner ◽  
Elisabeth Hoeller ◽  
Heinz Wykypiel ◽  
Paul Klingler ◽  
Thomas Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Da Vinci Surgical System ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
Robotic Cholecystectomy

Most surgeons gain their first clinical experience with surgical robots when performing cholecystectomies. Although this procedure is rather easily applicable for the da Vinci surgical system, the long-term outcome after this operation has not yet been clarified. This study follows up our institutional first series of robotic cholecystectomies (June to November 2001). Patients were assessed on the basis of standardized management including a quality-of-life questionnaire, clinical examination, blood tests, and abdominal sonogram. The follow-up rate for 23 patients after robotic cholecystectomy was 100 per cent and the median follow-up time 33 (30–35) months. There was one (4%) recurrence of gallstone disease in a patient who suffered from solitary choledocholithiasis 29 months after robotic cholecystectomy. Abdominal sonogram, clinical examinations, and blood tests revealed no post-cholecystectomy-specific pathological findings. The main long-term symptoms were bloating (57%), heartburn (43%) and nausea (30%). Of the patients, 96 per cent (22 patients) felt that the operation had cured or significantly improved their specific preoperative symptoms. Long-term results after robotic laparoscopic cholecystectomy are excellent and comparable to those for the conventional laparoscopic procedure. The advanced vision control and instrument maneuverability of robotic surgery might open minimally invasive surgery also for complicated gallstone disease and bile duct surgery.

Long-Term Follow-Up and Predictive Factors of Recurrence of Anemia in a Cohort of 102 Very Elderly Patients Explored for Iron Deficiency Anemia

2007 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. AB270
Author(s):  
Stéphane Nahon ◽  
Pierre Lahmek ◽  
Francine Barclay ◽  
Gilles Macaigne ◽  
Cécile Poupardin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Very Elderly ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Long-term effects of iron deficiency in patients with heart failure with or without anemia: the RAID-HF follow-up study

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harm Wienbergen ◽  
◽  
Otmar Pfister ◽  
Matthias Hochadel ◽  
Andreas Fach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure

scholarly journals ACQUIRED REFRACTORY IRON DEFICIENCY

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margherita Migone De Amicis ◽  
Alessandro Rimondi ◽  
Luca Elli ◽  
Irene Motta
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Oral Iron ◽  
The Body ◽  
Refractory Anemia ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
World Population ◽  
Iron Intake ◽  
Global Health Problem ◽  
Genetic Form

Anemia is a global health problem affecting one-third of the world population, and half of the cases are due to iron deficiency (ID). Iron de?ciency anemia (IDA) is the leading cause of disability in several countries. The causes of ID and IDA can be classified as i) insufficient iron intake for the body requirement, ii) reduced absorption, and iii) and blood losses, although multiple mechanisms may coexist. Oral iron represents the mainstay of IDA treatment. IDA is defined as "refractory" when the hematologic response after 4 to 6 weeks of treatment with oral iron (an increase of <1 g/dL of Hb) is absent. The cause of iron-refractory anemia is usually acquired and frequently related to gastrointestinal pathologies, although a rare genetic form called iron refractory iron deficiency anemia (IRIDA) exists. In some pathological circumstances, either genetic or acquired, hepcidin is increased, limiting the absorption in the gut, remobilization, and recycling of iron, thereby reducing iron plasma levels. Indeed, conditions with high hepcidin levels are often underrecognized as iron-refractory, leading to inappropriate and unsuccessful treatments. This review provides an overview of the conditions underlying iron-refractory anemia, from gastrointestinal pathologies to hepcidin dysregulation and iatrogenic or provoked conditions, and the specific diagnostic and treatment approach.

scholarly journals Variability in Oral Iron Prescription and the Effect on Spanish Mothers’ Health: A Prospective Longitudinal Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 5212
Author(s):  
Regina Ruiz de Viñaspre-Hernández ◽  
José Antonio García-Erce ◽  
Francisco José Rodríguez-Velasco ◽  
Vicente Gea-Caballero ◽  
Teresa Sufrate-Sorzano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Oral Iron ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Iron Intake ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Background: No consensus exists regarding the hemoglobin (Hb) values that define postpartum anemia. Knowledge is currently lacking regarding prescription and consumption practices, which prevents evaluating the rational use of iron supplementation postpartum. Aim: In this study, our objective was to describe this practice and analyze its association with maternal health outcomes. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted with 1010 women aged between 18 and 50. The hemoglobin value on the first postpartum day; the prescription schedule at hospital discharge; iron consumption; and data on hemoglobin, serum ferritin, maternal fatigue, type of breastfeeding, and perceived health six weeks after delivery were collected. Findings: Oral iron was prescribed to 98.1% of mothers with anemia and 75.8% without anemia. At the same Hb value, the maximum amount of total iron prescribed was between 8 and 10 times greater than the minimum amount. Iron intake was significantly lower than prescribed (p < 0.01). At six weeks, anemic mothers who took iron presented a 3.6-, 3-, and 2.4-times lower probability of iron deficiency, anemia, and abandoning breastfeeding, respectively. Discussion: Postpartum iron intake shows a protective effect on iron deficiency and anemia at six weeks, but not on fatigue or self-perceived health level. Conclusion: We conclude that there is wide variability in the prescription regimen. Oral iron supplementation can benefit mothers with anemia and harm those without. Subsequent studies should further explore the Hb figure that better discriminates the need for postpartum iron.

Iron deficiency in the busselton population of Western Australia: a long term follow-up study

2003 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. A356
Author(s):  
Adrian Griffiths ◽  
John Olynyk ◽  
Christopher Hovell ◽  
Guy Vautier ◽  
Jude Collett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

scholarly journals Iron Deficiency Anemia in Pregnancy: Intravenous Iron Sucrose versus Oral Iron Sulfate

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Shabera Arzoo ◽  
Shereen Yousof ◽  
Jahanara Rahman ◽  
Sameena Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Ferrous Sulfate ◽  
Intravenous Iron ◽  
Oral Iron ◽  
Iron Sucrose ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Oral Group

Introduction: Injectable iron sucrose and oral ferrous sulfate both are used for the correctionof anaemia in second and third trimester of pregnancy. But injectable iron is supposed to bemore effective than oral iron, as it needs less time for correction of anaemia and efficacy ismore. Oral iron is cost effective but more time consuming.The objective of the study was to compare the safety of intravenous iron sucrose complex inthe treatment of iron deficiency anemia in third trimester of pregnancy. To compare theefficacy of intravenous iron with oral iron. Method: A randomised controlled trial was conducted in which pregnant women with irondeficiency were sequentially selected from the pregnant women attended antenatal clinic ofOPD of Institute of Child and Maternal Health (ICMH) and assigned either to injectable or tooral ferrous sulfate by random number table. Each study patient was given the total calculatedamount of injectable iron sucrose {Hb deficit (gm/l) × body weight (kg) × 0.24+ storage ironmg } in divided dose 200 mg in 200 ml normal saline intravenously over 1 hour everyalternate day . Each patient of the control group was given ferrous sulfate 200mg orally threetimes a day for 4 weeks. Pregnant women follow up at 4 weeks and 8 weeks after gettreatment by oral and injectable iron. During follow up monitored for adverse effects, clinicaland laboratory response and haemoglobin percentage were observed. Result: There were 75 patients in injectable group and 75 patients in oral group. Injectablegroup achieved a significantly higher Hb level (11.49 ± 0.39) than oral group Hb level (10.39± 0.75) after 8 weeks of treatment. Injectable group showed no major side effects, only twopatient had complains .One patient complain of epigastic pain and one patient complain oftachycardia while in oral group complain of nausea and vomiting, epigastic pain, constipation,allergic reaction was found in 42.0%, 39.3%,35.7% and 3.6% respectively. Conclusion: Iron sucrose complex appears to be a safe and effective in the treatment ofiron deficiency anemia. Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2018; Vol. 33(1) : 40-44

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