An overview of the 5G mobile network architecture

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phanidra Palagummi ◽  
Vedant Somani ◽  
Krishna M. Sivalingam ◽  
Balaji Venkat
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Network ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Network Function Virtualization ◽  
Low Latency ◽  
High Bandwidth ◽  
Network Technologies

Networking connectivity is increasingly based on wireless network technologies, especially in developing nations where the wired network infrastructure is not accessible to a large segment of the population. Wireless data network technologies based on 2G and 3G are quite common globally; 4G-based deployments are on the rise during the past few years. At the same time, the increasing high-bandwidth and low-latency requirements of mobile applications has propelled the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standards organization to develop standards for the next generation of mobile networks, based on recent advances in wireless communication technologies. This standard is called the Fifth Generation (5G) wireless network standard. This paper presents a high-level overview of the important architectural components, of the advanced communication technologies, of the advanced networking technologies such as Network Function Virtualization and other important aspects that are part of the 5G network standards. The paper also describes some of the common future generation applications that require low-latency and high-bandwidth communications.

scholarly journals FOSquare: A Novel Optical HPC Interconnect Network Architecture Based on Fast Optical Switches with Distributed Optical Flow Control

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Fulong Yan ◽  
Changshun Yuan ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Xiong Deng
Keyword(s):  
Flow Control ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Optical Switches ◽  
Low Power Consumption ◽  
Low Latency ◽  
High Bandwidth ◽  
Fast Flow ◽  
Real Traffic ◽  
Interconnect Network

Interconnecting networks adopting Fast Optical Switches (FOS) can achieve high bandwidth, low latency, and low power consumption. We propose and demonstrate a novel interconnecting topology based on FOS (FOSquare) with distributed fast flow control which is suitable for HPC infrastructures. We also present an Optimized Mapping (OPM) algorithm that maps the most communication-related processes inside a rack. We numerically investigate and compare the network performance of FOSquare with Leaf-Spine under real traffic traces collected by running multiple applications (CG, MG, MILC, and MINI_MD) in an HPC infrastructure. The numerical results show that the FOSquare can reduce >10% latency with respect to Leaf-Spine under the scenario of 16 available cores.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Analysis on Heterogeneous Wireless Network in High-Speed Scenarios

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuyang Zhang ◽  
Tao Zheng ◽  
Ping Dong ◽  
Hongbin Luo ◽  
Zhibo Pang
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Network ◽  
Heterogeneous Network ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Schedule Algorithm ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Low Latency ◽  
High Bandwidth ◽  
Network Quality ◽  
Stable Network

Greater demands are being placed on the access bandwidth, stability, and delay of network because of the quickening rhythm of life and work, especially in mobile scenario. In order to obtain a stable network with low latency and high bandwidth in mobile scenario, taking advantage of the wireless heterogeneous network in parallel is a good choice. Nowadays, people are increasingly concerned about the network quality under the mobile scenario. Some scholars have done the relevant measurements. However, all of those measurements mainly investigate part of the network parameters or part of mobile scenarios. In this paper, we make the following contributions. Firstly, in high-speed mobile scenario, the wireless network qualities of different vendors are measured synthetically. Secondly, we analyze the benefits of taking advantage of the different vendors. Thirdly, we deploy the replication link mechanism in high-speed mobile scenario and propose an algorithm to remove the duplicate packet in high-speed mobile scenario. And the algorithm can also be used in another multipath schedule algorithm to improve the reliability.

scholarly journals Handover with Buffering for Distributed Mobility Management in Software Defined Mobile Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-40
Author(s):  
Battulga Davaasambuu
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Mobility Management ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Distributed Mobility Management ◽  
Mobile Cellular ◽  
Network Technologies

The rapidly-growing number of mobile subscribers has led to the creation of a large number of signalling messages. This makes it difficult to efficiently handle the mobility of subscribers in mobile cellular networks. The long-term evolution (LTE) architecture provides software-defined networking (SDN) to meet the requirements of 5G networks and to forward massive mobile data traffic. The SDN solution proposes separation of the control and data planes of a network. Centralized mobility management (CMM) is widely used in current mobile network technologies, such as 4G networks. One of the problems related to CMM is a single point of failure. To solve the problems of CMM and in order to provide for efficient mobility management, IETF has developed a solution called distributed mobility management (DMM), in which mobility is handled via the nearest mobility anchor. In this paper, we propose a DMM solution with handover operations for SDN-enabled mobile networks. The advantage of the proposed solution is that intra and inter handover procedures are defined with the data buffering and forwarding processes between base stations and mobility anchors. We adopt a simulation model to evaluate and compare the proposed solution with the existing solution in terms of handover latency, packet loss and handover failures.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in 5G and beyond: A Survey and Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelfatteh Haidine ◽  
Fatima Zahra Salmam ◽  
Abdelhak Aqqal ◽  
Aziz Dahbi
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mobile Internet ◽  
Network Function ◽  
New Radio ◽  
4G Lte

The deployment of 4G/LTE (Long Term Evolution) mobile network has solved the major challenge of high capacities, to build real broadband mobile Internet. This was possible mainly through very strong physical layer and flexible network architecture. However, the bandwidth hungry services have been developed in unprecedented way, such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), etc. Furthermore, mobile networks are facing other new services with extremely demand of higher reliability and almost zero-latency performance, like vehicle communications or Internet-of-Vehicles (IoV). Using new radio interface based on massive MIMO, 5G has overcame some of these challenges. In addition, the adoption of software defend networks (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV) has added a higher degree of flexibility allowing the operators to support very demanding services from different vertical markets. However, network operators are forced to consider a higher level of intelligence in their networks, in order to deeply and accurately learn the operating environment and users behaviors and needs. It is also important to forecast their evolution to build a pro-actively and efficiently (self-) updatable network. In this chapter, we describe the role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in 5G and beyond, to build cost-effective and adaptable performing next generation mobile network. Some practical use cases of AI/ML in network life cycle are discussed.

scholarly journals Future integrated communication network architectures enabling heterogeneous service provision

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Paul Arnold ◽  
Dirk von Hugo
Keyword(s):  
Network Architecture ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Network Function Virtualization ◽  
Low Latency ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Main Concept ◽  
On Demand

Abstract. This paper summarizes expectations and requirements towards future converged communication systems denoted by 5th Generation (5G). Multiple research and standardization activities globally contribute to the definition and specification of an Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to provide business customers and residential users with both, existing and future upcoming services which demand for higher data rates and granted performance figures in terms of QoS parameters, such as low latency and high reliability. Representative use case families are threefold and represented as enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), massive Internet of Things (mIoT), and Critical Communication, i.e. Ultra-Low Latency (ULL)/Ultra-High Reliability (UHR). To deploy and operate a dedicated network for each service or use case separately would raise the expenses and service costs to an unduly high amount. Instead provision of a commonly shared physical infrastructure offering resources for transport, processing, and storage of data to several separated logical networks (slices) individually managed and configured by potentially multiple service providers is the main concept of this new approach. Beside a multitude of other initiatives the EU-funded 5G NORMA project (5G Novel Radio Multiservice adaptive network Architecture) has developed an architecture which enables not only network programmability (configurability in software), but also network slicing and Multi Tenancy (allowing independent 3rd parties to offer an end-to-end service tailored according to their needs) in a mobile network. Major aspects dealt with here are the selectable support of mobility (on-demand) and service-aware QoE/QoS (Quality of Experience/Service) control. Specifically we will report on the outcome of the analysis of design criteria for Mobility Management schemes and the result of an exemplary application of the modular mobility function to scenarios with variable service requirements (e.g. high-terminal speed vs. on-demand mobility or portability of devices). An efficient sharing of scarce frequency resources in new radio systems demands for tight coordination of orchestration and assignment (scheduling) of resources for the different network slices as per capacity and priority (QoS) demand. Dynamicity aspects in changing algorithms and schemes to manage, configure, and optimize the resources at the radio base stations according to slice specific Service Level Agreements (SLAs) are investigated. It has been shown that architectural issues in terms of hierarchy (centralized vs. distributed) and layering, i.e. separation of control (signaling) and (user) data plane will play an essential role to increase the elasticity of network infrastructures which is in focus of applying SDN (Software Defined Networking) and NFV (Network Function Virtualization) to next generation communication systems. An outlook towards follow-on standardization and open research questions within different SDOs (Standards Defining Organizations) and recently started cooperative projects concludes the contribution.

scholarly journals Network Selection Strategies and Resource Management Schemes in Integrated Heterogeneous Wireless and Mobile Networks

2010 ◽  
pp. 1066-1083
Author(s):  
Wei Shen ◽  
Qing-An Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Network Selection ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
Strong Candidate ◽  
Multiple Network

Integrated heterogeneous wireless and mobile network (IHWMN) is introduced by combing different types of wireless and mobile networks (WMNs) in order to provide more comprehensive service such as high bandwidth with wide coverage. In an IHWMN, a mobile terminal equipped with multiple network interfaces can connect to any available network, even multiple networks at the same time. The terminal also can change its connection from one network to other networks while still keeping its communication alive. Although IHWMN is very promising and a strong candidate for future WMNs, it brings a lot of issues because different types of networks or systems need to be integrated to provide seamless service to mobile users. In this chapter, the authors focus on some major issues in IHWMN. Several noel network selection strategies and resource management schemes are also introduced for IHWMN to provide better resource allocation for this new network architecture.

scholarly journals Network Selection Strategies and Resource Management Schemes in Integrated Heterogeneous Wireless and Mobile Networks

2010 ◽  
pp. 718-737
Author(s):  
Wei Shen ◽  
Qing-An Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Network Selection ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
Strong Candidate ◽  
Multiple Network

Integrated heterogeneous wireless and mobile network (IHWMN) is introduced by combing different types of wireless and mobile networks (WMNs) in order to provide more comprehensive service such as high bandwidth with wide coverage. In an IHWMN, a mobile terminal equipped with multiple network interfaces can connect to any available network, even multiple networks at the same time. The terminal also can change its connection from one network to other networks while still keeping its communication alive. Although IHWMN is very promising and a strong candidate for future WMNs, it brings a lot of issues because different types of networks or systems need to be integrated to provide seamless service to mobile users. In this chapter, the authors focus on some major issues in IHWMN. Several noel network selection strategies and resource management schemes are also introduced for IHWMN to provide better resource allocation for this new network architecture.

scholarly journals Dynamic Spectrum Management with Network Function Virtualization for UAV Communication

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengjia Xu ◽  
Ivan Petrunin ◽  
Antonios Tsourdos
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Spectrum Management ◽  
Dynamic Spectrum ◽  
Network Function Virtualization ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dynamic Spectrum Management ◽  
Network Function ◽  
High Level

AbstractRapid increases in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) applications are attributed to severe spectrum collision issues, especially when UAVs operate in spectrum scarce environments, such as urban areas. Dynamic air-to-ground (A2G) link solutions can mitigate this issue by utilizing programmable communication hardware in the air and real-time assignment of spectrum resources to achieve high-throughput and low-latency connectivity between UAVs and operators. To mitigate the high-computation issue among ground control station (GCS) networks and provide a broad communication coverage for large number of UAVs, we propose an advanced UAV A2G communication solution integrated with the dynamic spectrum management (DSM) and network function virtualization (NFV) technology to serve urban operations. The edge-cutting UAV communication technologies are surveyed. The proposed scheme is discussed in terms of the high-level system architecture, virtual network architecture, specific virtual functions (SVFs), and affiliated operation support databases. Some major research challenges are highlighted and the possible directions of future research are identified.

scholarly journals Largely Scalable Wireless Network Formation Architectures for Internet of Things

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Orhan Orhan ◽  
Huseyin Goren
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Wireless Network ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Network Formation ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Constant Degree ◽  
Cube Connected Cycles ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Better Than

As number of mobile devices increases with Internet of Things (IoT) capability and power consumption is important in multi hop communication, there is need of considering network formation architectures inIoT networks.In this work power levels of nodes, urgency of messages to be transmitted are not taken into consideration, a general approach considered with all nodes with same power levels and no priority for messages to be sent.Another assumption is all nodes are on the same 2D plane.  Multi hop wireless network architectures studied and scalable, best performing architecture which is hypercubic network architecture is highlighted for IoT networks. Especially for large number of nodes needs to be considered hypercubic architecture performs much better than mesh, tree and ring kind of architectures in terms of dilation and number of connections. The simulation results are based on a simulator developed on C++ program. The results are showed that Hypercubic architecture with logarithmic dilation is much better than other network types. Cube Connected Cycles (CCC)based network architecture (which is derivative of Hypercube) can be preferred, especially when a constant degree is needed, in communication technologies such as Bluetooth. As a future work, a network architecture study can be made which takes energy levels and urgency of messages to be sent.

scholarly journals A Next-Generation Core Network Architecture for Mobile Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea G. Forte ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Luca Veltri ◽  
Gianluigi Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Core Network ◽  
Voice Call ◽  
Telephone System ◽  
Air Interface ◽  
Network Provider ◽  
Cellular Mobile ◽  
Cellular Mobile Network

Over the years, the cellular mobile network has evolved from a wireless plain telephone system to a very complex system providing telephone service, Internet connectivity and many interworking capabilities with other networks. Its air interface performance has increased drastically over time, leading to high throughput and low latency. Changes to the core network, however, have been slow and incremental, with increased complexity worsened by the necessity of backwards-compatibility with older-generation systems such as the Global System for Mobile communication (GSM). In this paper, a new virtualized Peer-to-Peer (P2P) core network architecture is presented. The key idea of our approach is that each user is assigned a private virtualized copy of the whole core network. This enables a higher degree of security and novel services that are not possible in today’s architecture. We describe the new architecture, focusing on its main elements, IP addressing, message flows, mobility management, and scalability. Furthermore, we will show some significant advantages this new architecture introduces. Finally, we investigate the performance of our architecture by analyzing voice-call traffic available in a database of a large U.S. cellular network provider.

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