Self-Identity of Labor Law in the Russian Legal System

Author(s):  
Yulia Ivanchina
Keyword(s):  
ICL Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-151
Author(s):  
Tímea Drinóczi

Abstract The Constitutional Court declared in its ruling 22/2016 (XII 5) that by exercising its competences, it can examine whether the joint exercise of competences under Article E) (2) of the Fundamental Law of Hungary infringes human dignity, other fundamental rights, the sovereignty of Hungary, or Hungary’s self-identity based on its historical constitution.


Author(s):  
S.A. Sobolev

The article attempts to investigate general and particular issues of the social development of the domestic legal system in the modern knowledge of its history from a general theoretical standpoint on the example of a specific legal discipline - labor law. The problem of methodological order is considered when there is a confusion of law as an object of cognition with a real reflection of the formation and social development of its subsystems or structural components, which receive study at the sectoral level. Labor law is analyzed as a subsystem or the most important structural component of the legal system, while scientific research on various aspects of the history of labor legislation goes beyond the modern industry and academic discipline. The problem of the methodological order is the continuity and discontinuity of the very course of development of the domestic system of law and branches of law of the Russian Empire, the Soviet and modern periods. Attention is drawn to the fact that many modern labor law categories in the period before 1917 were absent in the legislation, but formed the content of legal acts and scientific research. In turn, labor relations were formalized by a contract of employment (personal employment), but the specifics of its regulation were determined by mining and factory legislation. Some problems of understanding the modern history of labor law are characterized, when in the general theoretical and branch educational and scientific literature on labor and civil law, concepts such as an employment contract and labor legislation are mixed, and labor law as a branch of law refers to private law. Based on the theoretical works of scientists of the Russian Empire, the Soviet and modern period, a combination of private law and public law foundations of labor law is shown.


2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Błażej Mądrzycki

From January 1, 2019. Amendments to the Act of July 5, 2018 amending the provisions on trade unions and some other acts apply (almost in full). Amendments to the Polish act are a consequence of the Committee for the Freedom of Association, Labor Law Organizations and the judgment of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal. The main and expected effect of the amendment is the extension of coalition freedom in trade unions. This issue is important not only for the consistency of the legal system with international law, but also for social reasons. Concluding civil law contracts in the place of employee forms of employment is a common practice in Polish conditions. The main problem is that the civil law contract has a purpose other than the employment contract. Contracts of mandate and provision of services are the basis for the implementation of actual and legal activities. Besides, the legislator does not have any real actions aimed at eliminating the defective practice. The text is an attempt to synthetically summarize the motives of the amendment, as well as its effects and tests.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-39
Author(s):  
Isabela Fadul de Oliveira

RESUMO:Este texto tem como objetivo refletir sobre o processo recente de regulamentação das relações de trabalho terceirizado no Brasil. Para tanto, partimos de uma breve apresentação sobre a forma como foi organizado o sistema de regulamentação e proteção social do trabalho no país, identificando o contrato individual de emprego como um dos seus eixos estruturantes. Em seguida, localizamos o início do debate jurídico sobre a terceirização nos anos 1990 e destacamos os aspectos principais da disputa em torno da sua regulamentação. Ao final, examinamos as mudanças introduzidas pelas Leis 13.429/2017 e 13.467/2017 no ordenamento jurídico trabalhista, procurando demonstrar como seu conteúdo normativo põe em xeque a estrutura do Direito do Trabalho no país e promove as condições para a livre exploração do trabalho terceirizado, respondendo aos anseios da classe patronal e resultando em perda de direitos para a classe trabalhadora. ABSTRACT:This text aims to reflect about the recent process of regulation of outsourced work relationships in Brazil. Therefore, we start with a brief presentation about how the system of regulation and social protection of work in the country was organized, identifying the individual employment contract as one of its structuring axes. Next, we locate the beginning of the legal debate about the outsourcing in the 1990s and highlight the main aspects of the dispute over its regulation. In the end, we examine the changes introduced by Laws 13,429 / 2017 and 13,467 / 2017 in the labor legal system, trying to demonstrate how its normative content puts the structure of Labor Law in the country in check and promotes the conditions for the free exploitation of outsourced work, responding to the wishes of the employers’ class and resulting in loss of rights for the working class. 


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 348
Author(s):  
David Tomás Mataix

Resumen: El contrato de gestación subrogada es nulo de pleno derecho en España por ser clara­mente contrario a los principios más esenciales de nuestro ordenamiento jurídico, siendo tal consecuen­cia expresada en la Ley 14/2006, de 26 de mayo. Pese a ello, de su celebración derivan una serie de efectos en el ámbito del Derecho del Trabajo y de la Seguridad Social, surgidos a partir de la creación de una nueva realidad familiar resultada del nacimiento de un menor de edad.Palabras clave: maternidad subrogada, nulidad, derechos sociales, Seguridad Social, interés su­perior del menor.Abstract: The surrogate motherhood contract is declared invalid in Spain because it is clearly con­trary to the most essential principles of our legal system, this being expressed by the Law 14/2016, 26th of May. However, a series of effects derive from the celebration in the field of Labor and Social Security Law, arising from the creation of a new family reality resulting from the birth of a minor.Keywords: surrogate motherhood, nullity, social security, social rights, children´s interest.


Author(s):  
Karol Stanioch

The article contains reflections on the legitimacy of introducing the presumption of the employment contract’s labor law character into the polish legal system, the possible shape of such a regulation and the manner of its introduction in relation to the axiological assumptions of the labour law. The author joins the discussion on the presumption by referring to the views presented by legal scholars on the subject and analyzing the presumptions existing in the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Slovenia. In his conclusions, he supports the introduction of the presumption in material and rebuttable form.


Author(s):  
Fábio Siebeneichler de Andrade ◽  
Andressa Da Cunha Gudde

Sumário: Introdução. 1. A Tutela da Personalidade como Direito Fundamental. Conceito e Evolução no Ordenamento Jurídico Pátrio. 2. As Características dos Direitos da Personalidade no Código Civil de 2002. 3. Direitos da Personalidade Aplicados às Relações de Trabalho. Proteção e Indisponibilidade. Autonomia Privada e Ponderação de Valores nas Relações de Trabalho. Casuística. Considerações Finais. Referências. Resumo: A longa trajetória percorrida pelo Direito até o reconhecimento dos direitos da personalidade e sua elevação ao status de direitos fundamentais ajudam a compreender as matizes e os contornos do seu conjunto de valores. No ordenamento jurídico pátrio, os direitos da personalidade caracterizam-se pela indisponibilidade e pelo seu caráter absoluto, ainda que temperados pela necessária convivência com o direito fundamental à liberdade, do que a autonomia privada é uma de suas mais conhecidas facetas. É a partir de tal reconhecimento, e utilizando-se do método dedutivo e dialético, que o presente artigo busca explorar a aplicação dos direitos da personalidade ao contexto das relações de trabalho, no qual os mesmos adquirem contornos próprios, haja vista ser o Direito do Trabalho, no Brasil, fortemente calcado no princípio da proteção e da irrenunciabilidade,em especial. Todavia, por se tratarem os direitos da personalidade e do trabalho de direitos fundamentais, é natural que os mesmos estejam submetidos ao exercício de ponderação, sempre que entrarem em conflito com outros direitos de igual estatura constitucional-fundamental, conforme o caso concreto. É assim que a casuística fornece valiosos exemplos de situações em que os direitos da personalidade e do trabalho cedem espaço a outros direitos fundamentais, como a propriedade, sendo a autonomia privada e o respeito ao núcleo essencial da dignidade da pessoa humana, elementos imprescindíveis à sua legitimação.    Palavras-chave: Direitos da personalidade; Autonomia Privada; Direitos fundamentais; Ponderação; Relações de Trabalho. Abstract: The long journey travelled by the Law to the personality rights recognition and its elevation to fundamental rights status helps to understand the hues and contours of its set of values. In Brazilian legal system, the personality rights are characterized by its unavailability and absoluteness, albeit tempered by the necessary interaction with the fundamental right to freedom, of which private autonomy is one of its best-known facets. It is from this recognition, and using deductive and dialectical method, that this article aims to explore the application of personality rights to the context of labor relations, in which they acquire proper contours, having in mind that, in Brazil, the Labor Law is heavily based on the principle of protection and unavailability, specially. Nonetheless, considering that personality and labor rights are fundamental rights, it is natural that both are subjected to balancing test every time they collide with other fundamental-constitutional rights of same status, as the case. This is how casuistry gives us great examples of situations where personality and labor rights give way to other fundamental rights, such as propriety right, being the private autonomy and the respect to the essential core of the human dignity indispensable constituents to its legitimation.   Keywords: Personality Rights; Private Autonomy; Fundamental Rights; Balancing; Labor Relations.


Author(s):  
Yunqiu Zhang

The post-Mao years witnessed vigorous labor law reform efforts in China, which can be partly understood in terms of globalization, economic and legal. In the economic globalization, China was increasingly integrated into the world economic system and exposed to international pressures to reform its traditional labor system and follow internationally-accepted labor rules. In other words, the economic globalization created the need for labor law reforms in China. In the legal globalization, China was apparently the recipient or borrower of foreign legal ideas including ideas about labor legislation. These ideas inspired the Chinese to build a new legal system concerning labor.


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