Faculty Opinions recommendation of Unravelling the relationship between age, nociception and joint destruction in naturally occurring osteoarthritis of Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs.

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Hoeger Bement ◽  
Laura Frey Law
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Joint Destruction ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The Relationship

Unravelling the relationship between age, nociception and joint destruction in naturally occurring osteoarthritis of Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs

Pain ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason J. McDougall ◽  
Benjamin Andruski ◽  
Niklas Schuelert ◽  
Benedikt Hallgrímsson ◽  
John R. Matyas
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Joint Destruction ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals TNF is a homoeostatic regulator of distinct epigenetically primed human osteoclast precursors

2021 ◽  
pp. annrheumdis-2020-219262
Author(s):  
Cecilia Ansalone ◽  
John Cole ◽  
Sabarinadh Chilaka ◽  
Flavia Sunzini ◽  
Shatakshi Sood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Joint Destruction ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Skeletal Health ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Human Osteoclast ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pathological Consequence ◽  
Necrosis Factor

ObjectivesCirculating myeloid precursors are responsible for post-natal osteoclast (OC) differentiation and skeletal health, although the exact human precursors have not been defined. Enhanced osteoclastogenesis contributes to joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a well-known pro-osteoclastogenic factor. Herein, we investigated the interplay between receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANK-L), indispensable for fusion of myeloid precursors and the normal development of OCs, and TNF in directing the differentiation of diverse pre-OC populations derived from human peripheral blood.MethodsFlow cytometric cell sorting and analysis was used to assess the potential of myeloid populations to differentiate into OCs. Transcriptomic, epigenetic analysis, receptor expression and inhibitor experiments were used to unravel RANK-L and TNF signalling hierarchy.ResultsTNF can act as a critical homoeostatic regulator of CD14+ monocyte (MO) differentiation into OCs by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis to favour macrophage development. In contrast, a distinct previously unidentified CD14−CD16−CD11c+ myeloid pre-OC population was exempt from this negative regulation. In healthy CD14+ MOs, TNF drove epigenetic modification of the RANK promoter via a TNFR1-IKKβ-dependent pathway and halted osteoclastogenesis. In a subset of patients with RA, CD14+ MOs exhibited an altered epigenetic state that resulted in dysregulated TNF-mediated OC homoeostasis.ConclusionsThese findings fundamentally re-define the relationship between RANK-L and TNF. Moreover, they have identified a novel pool of human circulating non-MO OC precursors that unlike MOs are epigenetically preconditioned to ignore TNF-mediated signalling. In RA, this epigenetic preconditioning occurs in the MO compartment providing a pathological consequence of failure of this pathway.

Immunology of the inner ear: Response of the inner ear to antigen challenge

1983 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey P. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Antigen Challenge ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of the inner ear to host immunity and the immunoresponsiveness of the inner ear to antigen challenge were investigated. A radioimmunoassay was used to quantitate antibody titers to keyhole-limpet hemocyanin generated in the serum, perilymph, and CSF of guinea pigs following systemic or inner ear immunizations. The results of these experiments demonstrate (1) the blood-labyrinth barrier is analogous to the blood-brain barrier with respect to immunoglobulin equilibrium, (2) the inner ear is capable of responding to antigen challenge, and (3) the inner ear is an effective route for systemic immunization.

Naturally occurring myopathy in guinea-pigs

1970 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
John N. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Naturally Occurring

scholarly journals Rivalry or alliance?: the relationship between hyperbole and literal language

2013 ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Laura Cano Mora
Keyword(s):  
Figurative Language ◽  
Common Pattern ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
British National Corpus ◽  
Literal Expression ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
National Corpus ◽  
Figurative Expressions

This paper focuses on the relationship between neighbouring literal and figurative expressions, a much under-researched area in figurative language theories. Traditionally it has been assumed that language is used figuratively when a literal expression would be inadequate, thus supporting the view that figurative and literal language replace or substitute each other. In order to question this view and to explore this relationship, a group of hyperbolic adverbs extracted from the British National Corpus and used in naturally-occurring speech was examined. The results show that hyperbole and literal comments seem to extend and complement, rather than replace, each other. This complementation is often achieved through paraphrase or clarification of a preceding remark, whether literal or exaggerated. The analysis also seems to suggest that if speakers need to add some information the most common pattern is a hyperbole followed, rather than preceded, by a literal expression.El presente artículo se centra en el estudio de la relación entre expresiones literales y figuradas adyacentes, cuestión rara vez investigada en las teorías del lenguaje figurado. Tradicionalmente se ha creído que los hablantes utilizamos las figuras cuando el lenguaje literal resulta inadecuado, reafirmando así la idea de que el lenguaje literal y figurado se sustituyen el uno al otro. Con el fin de cuestionar esta visión y explorar dicha relación examinamos un grupo de adverbios hiperbólicos usados en conversaciones reales extraídas del British National Corpus. Los resultados indican que la hipérbole y el uso literal del lenguaje parecen complementarse en lugar de reemplazarse. Con frecuencia dicha complementariedad se consigue a través de la paráfrasis o clarificación de un comentario previo, ya sea literal o exagerado. El análisis a su vez parece sugerir que cuando el hablante siente la necesidad de añadir información el patrón más común es una hipérbole seguida, en lugar de precedida, de una expresión literal.

scholarly journals Municipal Representatives’ Accounts of Decision-Making Practices during Geriatric Case Conferences

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (45) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Søren Beck Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Senior Citizens ◽  
General Characteristic ◽  
The Other ◽  
Residential Home ◽  
Residential Homes ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Case Conferences ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Elderly Citizen

This article addresses questions of elucidation in talk-in-interaction. How do social actors give accounts of what they are doing? To what degree do actors sustain a taken-for-granted level of reasoning? The analysis is based upon naturally occurring data consisting of a corpus of audio recorded case conferences at various geriatric wards in Danish hospitals. The article elaborates one of the important insights of Harold Garfinkel regarding the relationship between discourse and social interaction: as a general characteristic, people tend to treat their fellow interlocutors’ conversational contributions as adequate for-all-practical-purposes. Specifically, the article investigates how Danish municipal representatives account for their decisions about whether or not senior citizens are to be referred to residential homes. This practice, I demonstrate, is characterized by non-explicitness with regards to rules and regulations. Instead, municipal representatives make use of developmental discourse: a worsened condition is used to justify a referral to a residential home. On the other hand, an improved condition is used to justify that an elderly citizen is not referred to a residential home.

Dual origin and segmental organisation of the avian scapula

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (17) ◽  
pp. 3789-3794 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Huang ◽  
Q. Zhi ◽  
K. Patel ◽  
J. Wilting ◽  
B. Christ
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
Lateral Plate ◽  
Mouse Mutants ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Restricted Domains ◽  
Mesodermal Origin ◽  
Dual Origin ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Somitic Mesoderm

Bones of the postcranial skeleton of higher vertebrates originate from either somitic mesoderm or somatopleural layer of the lateral plate mesoderm. Controversy surrounds the origin of the scapula, a major component of the shoulder girdle, with both somitic and lateral plate origins being proposed. Abnormal scapular development has been described in the naturally occurring undulated series of mouse mutants, which has implicated Pax1 in the formation of this bone. Here we addressed the development of the scapula, firstly, by analysing the relationship between Pax1 expression and chondrogenesis and, secondly, by determining the developmental origin of the scapula using chick quail chimeric analysis. We show the following. (1) The scapula develops in a rostral-to-caudal direction and overt chondrification is preceded by an accumulation of Pax1-expressing cells. (2) The scapular head and neck are of lateral plate mesodermal origin. (3) In contrast, the scapular blade is composed of somitic cells. (4) Unlike the Pax1-positive cells of the vertebral column, which are of sclerotomal origin, the Pax1-positive cells of the scapular blade originate from the dermomyotome. (5) Finally, we show that cells of the scapular blade are organised into spatially restricted domains along its rostrocaudal axis in the same order as the somites from which they originated. Our results imply that the scapular blade is an ossifying muscular insertion rather than an original skeletal element, and that the scapular head and neck are homologous to the ‘true coracoid’ of higher vertebrates.

Vascular pressure-volume relationships in pregnant and estrogen-treated guinea pigs

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (5) ◽  
pp. R1205-R1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Davis ◽  
A. R. Hohimer ◽  
G. D. Giraud ◽  
M. S. Paul ◽  
M. J. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Blood Volume ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Circulatory Arrest ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Blood Volume Expansion ◽  
Rapid Ventricular Pacing ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Unanesthetized Animals ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Estrogen Administration

We investigated the relationship between mean circulatory filling pressure (MCFP) and blood volume in nonpregnant (NP), estrogen-treated (E), and pregnant (P) guinea pigs. Reversible circulatory arrest was produced by rapid ventricular pacing or acetylcholine in unanesthetized animals remote from surgery. MCFP (mmHg) was higher for E (7.1 +/- 0.3) than for NP (5.8 +/- 0.5) or P (5.3 +/- 0.4). The gradient for venous return, the difference between MCFP and right atrial pressure (mmHg), did not differ in NP- (6.0 +/- 0.5), P- (5.8 +/- 0.5), or E- (5.8 +/- 0.4) treated animals. Capacitance, the blood volume (ml/kg) at an MCFP of 6 mmHg, was increased in P (84 +/- 6) and E (89 +/- 7), compared with NP (64 +/- 5) animals. Compliance, the ratio of the change in volume to change in pressure in the range of 6-12 mmHg (ml.kg-1.mmHg-1), was greater in P (4.4 +/- 0.3) than NP (3.5 +/- 0.3) animals. Hexamethonium blockade did not affect MCFP, capacitance, or compliance. We conclude that the effect of blood volume expansion on the circulation in pregnancy cannot be predicted from knowledge of MCFP-blood volume relationships in the nonpregnant animal, because capacitance and compliance are altered. Estrogen administration to nonpregnant animals reproduces some of these effects.

Species differences in altitude tolerance following X-irradiation

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (4) ◽  
pp. 762-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard D. Newsom ◽  
Donald J. Kimeldorf
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Simulated Altitude ◽  
Hypoxic Tolerance ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Altitude Tolerance ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between altitude tolerance and food consumption was investigated in irradiated and nonirradiated animals of several species. Food consumption was measured for 3 days following a mid-lethal dose of x-irradiation to assess the degree of postirradiation anorexia. Seventy-two hours after irradiation those animals, as well as ad libitum-fed and food-deprived nonirradiated animals were exposed to a simulated altitude tolerance test. The mortality produced in 4 hours was used as the criterion of hypoxic tolerance for each species. Irradiated rabbits and rats exhibited a severe decrease in food consumption and an increased hypoxic tolerance. Food consumption of mice was depressed during the 3 days following irradiation although the effect was much less than that observed for rats and rabbits. Guinea pigs and hamsters exhibited only a slight decrease in food consumption with recovery occurring after 24 hours. Mice, guinea pigs and hamsters did not exhibit a significant increase in hypoxic tolerance 3 days after radiation exposure. When nonirradiated rabbits, rats, mice and guinea pigs were food deprived, the hypoxic tolerance was significantly increased in all species.

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