Faculty Opinions recommendation of Quantitative transcriptional neuroanatomy of the rat hippocampus: evidence for wide-ranging, pathway-specific heterogeneity among three principal cell layers.

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edvard I Moser
Keyword(s):  
Principal Cell ◽  
Rat Hippocampus ◽  
Cell Layers

scholarly journals Differential Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways after Traumatic Brain Injury in the Rat Hippocampus

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoki Otani ◽  
Hiroshi Nawashiro ◽  
Shinji Fukui ◽  
Namiko Nomura ◽  
Akiko Yano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Pyramidal Cell ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Rat Hippocampus ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Cell Layers

Mitogen-activated protein kinases, which play a crucial role in signal transduction, are activated by phosphorylation in response to a variety of mitogenic signals. In the present study, the authors used Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry to show that phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (p-ERK) and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (p-JNK), but not p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, significantly increased in both the neurons and astrocytes after traumatic brain injury in the rat hippocampus. Different immunoreactivities of p-ERK and p-JNK were observed in the pyramidal cell layers and dentate hilar cells immediately after traumatic brain injury. Immunoreactivity for p-JNK was uniformly induced but was only transiently induced throughout all pyramidal cell layers. However, strong immunoreactivity for p-ERK was observed in the dentate hilar cells and the damaged CA3 neurons, along with the appearance of pyknotic morphologic changes. In addition, immunoreactivity for p-ERK was seen in astrocytes surrounding dentate and CA3 pyramidal neurons 6 hours after traumatic brain injury. These findings suggest that ERK and JNK but not p38 cascades may be closely involved in signal transduction in the rat hippocampus after traumatic brain injury.

Stratum radiatum giant cells: a type of principal cell in the rat hippocampus

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3813-3822 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Gulyás ◽  
K. Tóth ◽  
C. J. McBain ◽  
T. F. Freund
Keyword(s):  
Giant Cells ◽  
Principal Cell ◽  
Rat Hippocampus ◽  
Stratum Radiatum

Effect of prenatal protein malnutrition on numbers of neurons in the principal cell layers of the adult rat hippocampal formation

Hippocampus ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Lister ◽  
Gene J. Blatt ◽  
William A. DeBassio ◽  
Thomas L. Kemper ◽  
John Tonkiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hippocampal Formation ◽  
Protein Malnutrition ◽  
Principal Cell ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Cell Layers

scholarly journals Stereological Changes in Microvascular Parameters in Hippocampus of a Transgenic Rat Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Kolinko ◽  
Lucie Marsalova ◽  
Stephanie Proskauer Pena ◽  
Milena Kralickova ◽  
Peter R. Mouton
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Principal Cell ◽  
Transgenic Rat ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Capillary Length ◽  
Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Cell Layers

Background: Microcirculatory factors play an important role in amyloid-β (Aβ)-related neuropathology in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Transgenic (Tg) rat models of mutant Aβ deposition can enhance our understanding of this microvascular pathology. Objective: Here we report stereology-based quantification and comparisons (between- and within-group) of microvessel length and number and associated parameters in hippocampal subregions in Tg model of AD in Fischer 344 rats and non-Tg littermates. Methods: Systematic-random samples of tissue sections were processed and laminin immunostained to visualize microvessels through the entire hippocampus in Tg and non-Tg rats. A computer-assisted stereology system was used to quantify microvessel parameters including total number, total length, and associated densities in dentate gyrus (DG) and cornu ammonis (CA) subregions. Results: Thin hair-like capillaries are common near Aβ plaques in hippocampal subregions of Tg rats. There are a 53% significant increase in average length per capillary across entire hippocampus (p≤0.04) in Tg compared to non-Tg rats; 49% reduction in capillary length in DG (p≤0.02); and, higher microvessel density in principal cell layers (p≤0.03). Furthermore, within-group comparisons confirm Tg but not non-Tg rats have significant increase in number density (p≤0.01) and potential diffusion distance (p≤0.04) of microvessels in principal cell layers of hippocampal subregions. Conclusion: We show the Tg deposition of human Aβ mutations in rats disrupts the wild-type microanatomy of hippocampal microvessels. Stereology-based microvascular parameters could promote the development of novel strategies for protection and the therapeutic management of AD.

Cellular Redistribution Of Taurine In Osmotically Swollen Rat Hippocampus

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1328-1329
Author(s):  
C.A. Taylor ◽  
J.E. Olson ◽  
N.R. Kreisman ◽  
J.Leasure
Keyword(s):  
Pyramidal Cell ◽  
Normal Cell ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Rat Hippocampus ◽  
Hypoxia Ischemia ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Immuno Cytochemistry ◽  
Taurine Efflux

Taurine is transported from Purkinje cells into perineuronal glial cells during hypoosmotic swelling and is lost first from pyramidal cells during hypoxia/ ischemia, suggesting in situ cellular redistribution. Cultured isolated astrocytes or neurons and slices from rat hippocampus were treated first in 290 mOsm saline (ISO), then in 200 mOsm (HYPO) with or without taurine for 15 and 60 minutes.Cells and slices were then fixed in 80 mM phosphate buffered (pH 7.4) fixative containing 1.25% paraformaldehyde and 2.5% glutaraldehyde followed by immuno-cytochemistry .Immunostaining was done either directly on the cell layers or on 1 micron araldite/eponate sections (Pelco). After incubation with antibody to taurine, GFAP, SNAP-25, or normal serum, immunoproduct was visualized using step-avidin-DAB (DAKO:LSAB+). Measurements of pyramidal cell diameters were made on toluidine blue-stained sections containing cells with prominent nucleoli.The data suggest that taurine is initially lost from pyramidal cells within 15 minutes in HYPO to maintain normal cell volume, while taurine efflux from glia occurs over a 60 minute time peroid.

The Ultrastructure of Monkey Gingival Epithelium

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 16-17
Author(s):  
C.N. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Macaca Nemestrina ◽  
Stratum Granulosum ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Gingival Epithelial Cells ◽  
Stratum Spinosum ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Gingival Epithelium ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Thickness

The present study demonstrates the ultrastructure of the gingival epithelium of the pig tail monkey (Macaca nemestrina). Specimens were taken from lingual and facial gingival surfaces and fixed in Dalton's chrome osmium solution (pH 7.6) for 1 hr, dehydrated, and then embedded in Epon 812.Tonofibrils are variable in number and structure according to the different region or location of the gingival epithelial cells, the main orientation of which is parallel to the long axis of the cells. The cytoplasm of the basal epithelial cells contains a great number of tonofilaments and numerous mitochondria. The basement membrane is 300 to 400 A thick. In the cells of stratum spinosum, the tonofibrils are densely packed and increased in number (fig. 1 and 3). They seem to take on a somewhat concentric arrangement around the nucleus. The filaments may occur scattered as thin fibrils in the cytoplasm or they may be arranged in bundles of different thickness. The filaments have a diameter about 50 A. In the stratum granulosum, the cells gradually become flatted, the tonofibrils are usually thin, and the individual tonofilaments are clearly distinguishable (fig. 2). The mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum are seldom seen in these superficial cell layers.

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