Faculty Opinions recommendation of Salmonella enterica invasion of polarized epithelial cells is a highly cooperative effort.

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolf-Dietrich Hardt
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Cooperative Effort ◽  
Polarized Epithelial Cells

scholarly journals Salmonella enterica Invasion of Polarized Epithelial Cells Is a Highly Cooperative Effort

2014 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 2657-2667 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lorkowski ◽  
A. Felipe-Lopez ◽  
C. A. Danzer ◽  
N. Hansmeier ◽  
M. Hensel
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Cooperative Effort ◽  
Polarized Epithelial Cells

scholarly journals Structural Insight into the Giant Ca2+-Binding Adhesin SiiE: Implications for the Adhesion of Salmonella enterica to Polarized Epithelial Cells

Structure ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 741-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin H. Griessl ◽  
Benedikt Schmid ◽  
Kristin Kassler ◽  
Christoph Braunsmann ◽  
Regina Ritter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Structural Insight ◽  
Polarized Epithelial Cells ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals The MAL Protein, an Integral Component of Specialized Membranes, in Normal Cells and Cancer

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1065
Author(s):  
Armando Rubio-Ramos ◽  
Leticia Labat-de-Hoz ◽  
Isabel Correas ◽  
Miguel A. Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Transmembrane Segments ◽  
Epsilon Toxin ◽  
Proteolipid Proteins ◽  
Polarized Epithelial Cells

The MAL gene encodes a 17-kDa protein containing four putative transmembrane segments whose expression is restricted to human T cells, polarized epithelial cells and myelin-forming cells. The MAL protein has two unusual biochemical features. First, it has lipid-like properties that qualify it as a member of the group of proteolipid proteins. Second, it partitions selectively into detergent-insoluble membranes, which are known to be enriched in condensed cell membranes, consistent with MAL being distributed in highly ordered membranes in the cell. Since its original description more than thirty years ago, a large body of evidence has accumulated supporting a role of MAL in specialized membranes in all the cell types in which it is expressed. Here, we review the structure, expression and biochemical characteristics of MAL, and discuss the association of MAL with raft membranes and the function of MAL in polarized epithelial cells, T lymphocytes, and myelin-forming cells. The evidence that MAL is a putative receptor of the epsilon toxin of Clostridium perfringens, the expression of MAL in lymphomas, the hypermethylation of the MAL gene and subsequent loss of MAL expression in carcinomas are also presented. We propose a model of MAL as the organizer of specialized condensed membranes to make them functional, discuss the role of MAL as a tumor suppressor in carcinomas, consider its potential use as a cancer biomarker, and summarize the directions for future research.

scholarly journals Positive regulation of Type III secretion effectors and virulence by RyhB paralogs in Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Binjie Chen ◽  
Xianchen Meng ◽  
Jie Ni ◽  
Mengping He ◽  
Yanfei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Type Iii Secretion ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Type Iii Secretion System ◽  
Secretion System ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Effector Gene ◽  
T3ss Effector

AbstractSmall non-coding RNA RyhB is a key regulator of iron homeostasis in bacteria by sensing iron availability in the environment. Although RyhB is known to influence bacterial virulence by interacting with iron metabolism related regulators, its interaction with virulence genes, especially the Type III secretion system (T3SS), has not been reported. Here, we demonstrate that two RyhB paralogs of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis upregulate Type III secretion system (T3SS) effectors, and consequently affect Salmonella invasion into intestinal epithelial cells. Specifically, we found that RyhB-1 modulate Salmonella response to stress condition of iron deficiency and hypoxia, and stress in simulated intestinal environment (SIE). Under SIE culture conditions, both RyhB-1 and RyhB-2 are drastically induced and directly upregulate the expression of T3SS effector gene sipA by interacting with its 5′ untranslated region (5′ UTR) via an incomplete base-pairing mechanism. In addition, the RyhB paralogs upregulate the expression of T3SS effector gene sopE. By regulating the invasion-related genes, RyhBs in turn affect the ability of S. Enteritidis to adhere to and invade into intestinal epithelial cells. Our findings provide evidence that RyhBs function as critical virulence factors by directly regulating virulence-related gene expression. Thus, inhibition of RyhBs may be a potential strategy to attenuate Salmonella.

scholarly journals Delivery of Na+,K(+)-ATPase in polarized epithelial cells

Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 260 (5107) ◽  
pp. 550-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Zurzolo ◽  
E Rodriguez-Boulan
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Polarized Epithelial Cells

scholarly journals Treponema denticola Induces Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in Polarized Epithelial Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuichiro Kikuchi ◽  
Ryuta Kimizuka ◽  
Tetsuo Kato ◽  
Katsuji Okuda ◽  
Eitoyo Kokubu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Treponema Denticola ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Polarized Epithelial Cells ◽  
Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction

scholarly journals Association of a Protective Monoclonal IgA with the O Antigen of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Impacts Type 3 Secretion and Outer Membrane Integrity

2012 ◽  
Vol 80 (7) ◽  
pp. 2454-2463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Forbes ◽  
Daniel Martinelli ◽  
Chyongere Hsieh ◽  
Jeffrey G. Ault ◽  
Michael Marko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Content Type ◽  
O Antigen ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium ◽  
Type 3

ABSTRACTInvasion of intestinal epithelial cells bySalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium is an energetically demanding process, involving the transfer of effector proteins from invading bacteria into host cells via a specialized organelle known as theSalmonellapathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1) type 3 secretion system (T3SS). By a mechanism that remains poorly understood, entry ofS. Typhimurium into epithelial cells is inhibited by Sal4, a monoclonal, polymeric IgA antibody that binds an immunodominant epitope within the O-antigen (O-Ag) component of lipopolysaccharide. In this study, we investigated how the binding of Sal4 to the surface ofS. Typhimurium influences T3SS activity, bacterial energetics, and outer membrane integrity. We found that Sal4 treatment impaired T3SS-mediated translocon formation and attenuated the delivery of tagged effector proteins into epithelial cells. Sal4 treatment coincided with a partial reduction in membrane energetics and intracellular ATP levels, possibly explaining the impairment in T3SS activity. Sal4's effects on bacterial secretion and energetics occurred concurrently with an increase in O-Ag levels in culture supernatants, alterations in outer membrane permeability, and changes in surface ultrastructure, as revealed by transmission electron microscopy and cryo-electron microscopy. We propose that Sal4, by virtue of its ability to bind and cross-link the O-Ag, induces a form of outer membrane stress that compromises the integrity of theS. Typhimurium cell envelope and temporarily renders the bacterium avirulent.

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