Faculty Opinions recommendation of Unveiling the role of Gardnerella vaginalis in polymicrobial Bacterial Vaginosis biofilms: the impact of other vaginal pathogens living as neighbors.

Antagonistic and synergistic substances are important for interactions between micro-organisms associated with human body surfaces, either in healthy or in diseased conditions. In the present study, such compounds produced by Gardnerella vaginalis strains isolated from women with bacterial vaginosis (BV) were detected in vitro and the antagonistic ones were partially characterized. Among 11 G. vaginalis strains tested, all showed antagonistic activity against at least one of the 22 indicator bacteria assayed. Interestingly, for some of these strains, antagonism reverted to synergism, favouring one of the indicator strains (Peptostreptococcus anaerobius) when the growth medium was changed. Partial characterization of antagonistic substances suggested a bacteriocin-like chemical nature. Depending on growth conditions, G. vaginalis isolated from women with BV produced antagonistic or synergistic compounds for other bacterial components of the vaginal ecosystem. This is the first report to our knowledge of the production of antagonistic and/or synergistic substances by G. vaginalis. This ability may be a pivotal factor in understanding BV and the ecological role of this bacterium in the vaginal environment.

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Bacterial vaginosis and anaerobic balanitis

Oxford Handbook of Genitourinary Medicine, HIV, and Sexual Health ◽

10.1093/med/9780198783497.003.0015 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 213-224

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Vaginosis ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽

Diagnosis And Management

This chapter, ‘Bacterial vaginosis (BV) and anaerobic balanitis’, provides an overview of the aetiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of these common conditions. It contains discussion of the role of a polymicrobial vaginal biofilm in the aetiology of BV and outlines the associated organisms. Clinical features and complications of BV are discussed, and the chapter then goes on to look at the different diagnostic frameworks used (including Hay-Ison and Amsel’s criteria). The management of BV is discussed with particular attention to strategies for recurrent BV and also pregnancy. The chapter ends with a discussion of anaerobic balanitis in men and the role that Gardnerella vaginalis plays.

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2574. Temporal Changes in the Vaginal Microbiome During Treatment for Bacterial Vaginosis: Is Lactobacillus Iners an Important Player?

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz360.2252 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. S894-S894

Author(s):

Elizabeth O Shay ◽

Oluwatosin Goje ◽

Roshan Padmanabhan ◽

Charis Eng

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Vaginosis ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽

Bioinformatics Pipeline ◽

Time Points ◽

Β Diversity ◽

Important Player ◽

Oral Metronidazole

Abstract Background Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal condition affecting women of reproductive age and yet it remains poorly understood. Recurrent BV causes significant emotional and psychological distress and can prove difficult to resolve with currently available treatments. We aimed to investigate the microbiome of recurrent BV patients at various time points in relation to oral Metronidazole treatment. Methods Women aged 18–40 years, with recurrent BV, were prospectively enrolled. Vaginal samples (lavage) were collected at baseline (D0), at 7–10 days (D7) and 30–40 days (D30) after initiation of oral metronidazole treatment (500 mg BID, 7 days). DNA was extracted, amplified using primers targeting the V3-V4 region of the 16 srRNA, and then sequenced and processed through a hybrid Qiime MICCA bioinformatics pipeline. Results Seventeen recurrent BV patients were enrolled. Alpha diversity decreased (P = 0.0049) after the first week of treatment with oral metronidazole, but increased (P = 0.0062) to near baseline by D30. Lactobacillus iners, was the dominant Lactobacillus, with transient increase in this species corresponding with metronidazole treatment. There was also a decrease in Gardnerella vaginalis that re-normalized to baseline at 30 days. Of the 10 recurrent BV patients with data for all three time points, 4 relapsed by D30. Β diversity differed significantly between patients that relapsed and those that did not (p = 0.044). Alpha diversity did not differ between the groups (p = 0.07). Conclusion The dominant Lactobacillus pretreatment in this cohort was L.iners. Oral metronidazole was associated with a decrease in alpha diversity, decrease in G. vaginalis and increase in L. iners. Although L. iners increased after metronidazole treatment, this increase was not sustained by D30. Treatment with metronidazole, only temporarily altered the microbiome. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of L. iners in recurrent BV. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Role of Gardnerella vaginalis in the pathogenesis of bacterial vaginosis: a conceptual model.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.718270518.793491461 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Steven Witkin

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Vaginosis ◽

Conceptual Model ◽

Gardnerella Vaginalis

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Antimicrobial susceptibility and vaginolysin in Gardnerella vaginalis from healthy and bacterial vaginosis diagnosed women

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.7161 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (09) ◽

pp. 913-919 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Daniele Maria Knupp de Souza ◽

Claudio Galuppo Diniz ◽

Didier Silveira Castellano Filho ◽

Laura Maria Andrade de Oliveira ◽

Débora Martins Coelho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Bacterial Vaginosis ◽

High Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Vaginal Secretions ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Susceptibility Patterns

Introduction: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a syndrome related to Gardnerella vaginalis and is characterized by an imbalance in the vaginal microbiota. This work focused on the evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and the occurrence of the vaginolysin (vly) gene in G. vaginalis isolated from BV and non-BV patients. Methodology: The vaginal secretions were collected randomly and processed for G. vaginalis isolation. The isolates were presumptively identified by β-hemolysis and oxidase and catalase tests. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to confirm bacterial identity and to detect the vly gene. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined. Results: Of 89 patients, G. vaginalis was isolated from 42 (37 BV and 5 non-BV), and 204 isolates were selected (179 from BV and 25 non-BV). The vly gene was detected in all G. vaginalis isolated from non-BV women and in 98.3% of the bacteria from BV patients. High resistance was observed for ampicillin (54.4%), metronidazole (59.8%), tinidazole (60.3%) and secnidazole (71.6%). Conclusions: Further studies are needed to better address the role of G. vaginalis and the vly gene in BV pathogenesis.

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Role of Mycoplasma hominis in Bacterial Vaginosis

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.3329/bjmm.v2i1.21783 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 18-21

Author(s):

Monowara Begum ◽

Md. Nurul Alam ◽

Kazi Mosihur Rahman

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Vaginosis ◽

Mycoplasma Hominis ◽

Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽

Aerobic Bacteria ◽

Tertiary Level ◽

Isolation Rate ◽

Candida Spp ◽

Vaginal Swabs ◽

The Difference

A total of 115 women were investigated along with 50 controls in order to find out association of Mycoplasma hominis in Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) cases. Vaginal swabs were collected from the cases enrolled from three tertiary- level Hospitals of Dhaka City during December, 1993 to December, 1994. Specimens were cultured on appropriate media and M. hominis was isolated from 28 (24.3%) specimens collected from patients and 3 (6%) from healthy controls. The difference of isolation rate was statistically significant (p<0.05) between cases and the controls. In addition to M. hominis, Gardnerella vaginalis was present in 35 (30.4%), Candida spp. in 26 (22.6%), Trichomonas vaginilis in 10 (8.7%) and other aerobic bacteria in 11 (9.5%) cases.Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2008; 02 (01): 18-21DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v2i1.21783

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Intergroup Threat and Outgroup Attitudes

Social Psychology ◽

10.1027/1864-9335/a000127 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

pp. 311-319 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Marco Brambilla ◽

David A. Butz

Keyword(s):

Gay Men ◽

Social Group ◽

Welfare Recipients ◽

Intergroup Attitudes ◽

Social Policies ◽

Intergroup Threat ◽

Economic Threat ◽

The Impact ◽

General Climate

Two studies examined the impact of macrolevel symbolic threat on intergroup attitudes. In Study 1 (N = 71), participants exposed to a macrosymbolic threat (vs. nonsymbolic threat and neutral topic) reported less support toward social policies concerning gay men, an outgroup whose stereotypes implies a threat to values, but not toward welfare recipients, a social group whose stereotypes do not imply a threat to values. Study 2 (N = 78) showed that, whereas macrolevel symbolic threat led to less favorable attitudes toward gay men, macroeconomic threat led to less favorable attitudes toward Asians, an outgroup whose stereotypes imply an economic threat. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding the role of a general climate of threat in shaping intergroup attitudes.

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