scholarly journals Faculty Opinions recommendation of Protist diversity and community complexity in the rhizosphere of switchgrass are dynamic as plants develop.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang-Wei Hu
Keyword(s):  
Community Complexity

scholarly journals Monoassociation with bacterial isolates reveals the role of colonization, community complexity and abundance on locomotor behavior in larval zebrafish

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsea A. Weitekamp ◽  
Allison Kvasnicka ◽  
Scott P. Keely ◽  
Nichole E. Brinkman ◽  
Xia Meng Howey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Concentration ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Locomotor Behavior ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Zebrafish Model ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Larval Zebrafish ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Community Complexity

Abstract Background Across taxa, animals with depleted intestinal microbiomes show disrupted behavioral phenotypes. Axenic (i.e., microbe-free) mice, zebrafish, and fruit flies exhibit increased locomotor behavior, or hyperactivity. The mechanism through which bacteria interact with host cells to trigger normal neurobehavioral development in larval zebrafish is not well understood. Here, we monoassociated zebrafish with either one of six different zebrafish-associated bacteria, mixtures of these host-associates, or with an environmental bacterial isolate. Results As predicted, the axenic cohort was hyperactive. Monoassociation with three different host-associated bacterial species, as well as with the mixtures, resulted in control-like locomotor behavior. Monoassociation with one host-associate and the environmental isolate resulted in the hyperactive phenotype characteristic of axenic larvae, while monoassociation with two other host-associated bacteria partially blocked this phenotype. Furthermore, we found an inverse relationship between the total concentration of bacteria per larvae and locomotor behavior. Lastly, in the axenic and associated cohorts, but not in the larvae with complex communities, we detected unexpected bacteria, some of which may be present as facultative predators. Conclusions These data support a growing body of evidence that individual species of bacteria can have different effects on host behavior, potentially related to their success at intestinal colonization. Specific to the zebrafish model, our results suggest that differences in the composition of microbes in fish facilities could affect the results of behavioral assays within pharmacological and toxicological studies.

scholarly journals The California environmental DNA “CALeDNA” program

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel S Meyer ◽  
Emily E Curd ◽  
Teia Schweizer ◽  
Zack Gold ◽  
Dannise Ruiz Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Conservation Genomics ◽  
The Public ◽  
Biodiversity Inventories ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Science Framework ◽  
Community Complexity ◽  
Community Science ◽  
Threaten Species ◽  
The University

AbstractGlobal change is leading to habitat shifts that threaten species persistence throughout California’s unique ecosystems. Baseline biodiversity data provide opportunities for ecosystems to be managed for community complexity and connectivity. In 2017, the University of California Conservation Genomics Consortium launched the California Environmental DNA (CALeDNA) program, a community science initiative monitoring California’s biodiversity through environmental DNA (eDNA)—DNA shed from organisms through fur, mucus, spores, pollen, etc. Community scientists collect soil and sediment samples, then researchers analyze the eDNA in the samples and share results with the public. The results are catalogues of thousands of organisms per sample, ranging from microbes to mammals. The CALeDNA website presents biodiversity inventories in a platform designed for the public and researchers alike, as well as user-friendly analysis tools and educational modules. Here, we present CALeDNA as a scalable community science framework that can harmonize with future biodiversity research and education initiatives.

scholarly journals Monitoring and Surveillance of Aerial Mycobiota of Rice Paddy through DNA Metabarcoding and qPCR

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 372
Author(s):  
Sara Franco Ortega ◽  
Ilario Ferrocino ◽  
Ian Adams ◽  
Simone Silvestri ◽  
Davide Spadaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Bipolaris Oryzae ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Abundant Otus ◽  
Dna Metabarcoding ◽  
Community Complexity

The airborne mycobiota has been understudied in comparison with the mycobiota present in other agricultural environments. Traditional, culture-based methods allow the study of a small fraction of the organisms present in the atmosphere, thus missing important information. In this study, the aerial mycobiota in a rice paddy has been examined during the cropping season (from June to September 2016) using qPCRs for two important rice pathogens (Pyricularia oryzae and Bipolaris oryzae) and by using DNA metabarcoding of the fungal ITS region. The metabarcoding results demonstrated a higher alpha diversity (Shannon–Wiener diversity index H′ and total number of observed species) at the beginning of the trial (June), suggesting a higher level of community complexity, compared with the end of the season. The main taxa identified by HTS analysis showed a shift in their relative abundance that drove the cluster separation as a function of time and temperature. The most abundant OTUs corresponded to genera such as Cladosporium, Alternaria, Myrothecium, or Pyricularia. Changes in the mycobiota composition were clearly dependent on the average air temperature with a potential impact on disease development in rice. In parallel, oligotyping analysis was performed to obtain a sub-OTU identification which revealed the presence of several oligotypes of Pyricularia and Bipolaris with relative abundance changing during monitoring.

scholarly journals Antarctic environmental change and biological responses

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. eaaz0888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Convey ◽  
Lloyd S. Peck
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Ecosystem Processes ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Ecological Flexibility ◽  
Response Flexibility ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Community Complexity ◽  
Impacts Of Human Activity

Antarctica and the surrounding Southern Ocean are facing complex environmental change. Their native biota has adapted to the region’s extreme conditions over many millions of years. This unique biota is now challenged by environmental change and the direct impacts of human activity. The terrestrial biota is characterized by considerable physiological and ecological flexibility and is expected to show increases in productivity, population sizes and ranges of individual species, and community complexity. However, the establishment of non-native organisms in both terrestrial and marine ecosystems may present an even greater threat than climate change itself. In the marine environment, much more limited response flexibility means that even small levels of warming are threatening. Changing sea ice has large impacts on ecosystem processes, while ocean acidification and coastal freshening are expected to have major impacts.

scholarly journals Phylogeny, phylogeography, phylobetadiversity and the molecular analysis of biological communities

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1576) ◽  
pp. 2391-2402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent C. Emerson ◽  
Francesco Cicconardi ◽  
Pietro P. Fanciulli ◽  
Peter J. A. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Species Assemblages ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Biological Communities ◽  
Geographical Scale ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Community Complexity ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

There has been much recent interest and progress in the characterization of community structure and community assembly processes through the application of phylogenetic methods. To date most focus has been on groups of taxa for which some relevant detail of their ecology is known, for which community composition is reasonably easily quantified and where the temporal scale is such that speciation is not likely to feature. Here, we explore how we might apply a molecular genetic approach to investigate community structure and assembly at broad taxonomic and geographical scales, where we have little knowledge of species ecology, where community composition is not easily quantified, and where speciation is likely to be of some importance. We explore these ideas using the class Collembola as a focal group. Gathering molecular evidence for cryptic diversity suggests that the ubiquity of many species of Collembola across the landscape may belie greater community complexity than would otherwise be assumed. However, this morphologically cryptic species-level diversity poses a challenge for attempts to characterize diversity both within and among local species assemblages. Recent developments in high throughput parallel sequencing technology, combined with mtDNA barcoding, provide an advance that can bring together the fields of phylogenetic and phylogeographic analysis to bear on this problem. Such an approach could be standardized for analyses at any geographical scale for a range of taxonomic groups to quantify the formation and composition of species assemblages.

Effects of predator-specific defence on biodiversity and community complexity in two-trophic-level communities

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Matsuda ◽  
Michio Hori ◽  
Peter A. Abrams
Keyword(s):  
Trophic Level ◽  
Community Complexity

Biological 12C–13C fractionation increases with increasing community-complexity in soil microcosms

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijun Yang ◽  
Jakob Magid ◽  
Søren Christensen ◽  
Regin Rønn ◽  
Per Ambus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microcosms ◽  
Community Complexity

scholarly journals Fitness for Purpose in Online Communities: Community Complexity Framework for Diagnosis and Design of Socio-Technical Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Rychwalska ◽  
Magdalena Roszczyńska-Kurasińska ◽  
Karolina Ziembowicz ◽  
Jeremy V. Pitt
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Peer Production ◽  
Design Of Algorithms ◽  
Emergent Phenomena ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Negative Side Effects ◽  
Community Complexity

Recent discourse on Information and Communication Technologies’ (ICT) impact on societies has been dominated by negative side-effects of information exchange in huge online social systems. Yet, the size of ICT-based communities also provides an unprecedented opportunity for collective action, as exemplified through crowdfunding, crowdsourcing, or peer production. This paper aims to provide a framework for understanding what makes online collectives succeed or fail in achieving complex goals. The paper combines social and complexity sciences’ insights on structures, mechanics, and emergent phenomena in social systems to define a Community Complexity Framework for evaluating three crucial components of complexity: multi-level structuration, procedural self-organization, and common identity. The potential value of such a framework would be to shift the focus of efforts aimed at curing the malfunctions of online social systems away from the design of algorithms that can automatically solve such problems, and toward the development of technologies which enable online social systems to self-organize in a more productive and sustainable way.

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