The rationale behind novel bone grafting techniques in small animals

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Griffon ◽  
G. R. Ragetly
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Internal Fixation ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Bone Grafting ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
Donor Site Morbidity ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Osteogenic Cells

SummaryAutograft is considered ideal for grafting procedures, providing osteoinductive growth factors, osteogenic cells, and an osteoconductive scaffold. Limitations, however, exist regarding donor site morbidity and graft availability. Although allograft provides an osteoconductive matrix with some osteoinductivity, its availability is limited. To achieve optimal bone graft properties, researchers are developing new materials with the goal of designing synthetics as close to autograft as possible while still facilitating their clinical use. However, the constant evolution of internal fixation stimulates the search for growth factors and cells which could stimulate bone healing.

Open Reduction and Internal Fixation for Humeral Shaft Nonunion: Bone Grafting Is Not Routinely Required and Avoids Donor Site Morbidity

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 414-423
Author(s):  
William M. Oliver ◽  
Samuel G. Molyneux ◽  
Timothy O. White ◽  
Nicholas D. Clement ◽  
Andrew D. Duckworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Fixation ◽  
Bone Grafting ◽  
Open Reduction ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
Donor Site Morbidity ◽  
Humeral Shaft ◽  
Humeral Shaft Nonunion

scholarly journals Scaffolds for Growth Factor Delivery as Applied to Bone Tissue Engineering

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith A. Blackwood ◽  
Nathalie Bock ◽  
Tim R. Dargaville ◽  
Maria Ann Woodruff
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Donor Site Morbidity ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Growth Factor Delivery

There remains a substantial shortfall in the treatment of severe skeletal injuries. The current gold standard of autologous bone grafting from the same patient has many undesirable side effects associated such as donor site morbidity. Tissue engineering seeks to offer a solution to this problem. The primary requirements for tissue-engineered scaffolds have already been well established, and many materials, such as polyesters, present themselves as potential candidates for bone defects; they have comparable structural features, but they often lack the required osteoconductivity to promote adequate bone regeneration. By combining these materials with biological growth factors, which promote the infiltration of cells into the scaffold as well as the differentiation into the specific cell and tissue type, it is possible to increase the formation of new bone. However due to the cost and potential complications associated with growth factors, controlling the rate of release is an important design consideration when developing new bone tissue engineering strategies. This paper will cover recent research in the area of encapsulation and release of growth factors within a variety of different polymeric scaffolds.

Segmental Defects in Peripheral Nerves Xenotransplantation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 01-02
Author(s):  
Ryan William
Keyword(s):  
Graft Rejection ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
Donor Site Morbidity ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Nerve Grafts ◽  
Surgery Research ◽  
The Ideal

Segmental defects in peripheral nerves that cannot be sutured directly require the use of nerve grafts. The ideal option for repair is nerve auto grafting, but there are some obvious disadvantages related to its use, such as lack of availability and donor site morbidity. The next step to consider for reconstruction is the use of nerve allografts, but they are also limited for clinical use, and they present with the added problem of graft rejection. Considering these limitations to the use of nerve autografts and allografts, clinical surgery research has turned to nerve xenotransplantation, which offers a potentially unlimited source of donor nerves.

scholarly journals Bone Morphogenetic Proteins in Craniofacial Surgery: Current Techniques, Clinical Experiences, and the Future of Personalized Stem Cell Therapy

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristofer E. Chenard ◽  
Chad M. Teven ◽  
Tong-Chuan He ◽  
Russell R. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ◽  
Bone Grafting ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
Donor Site Morbidity ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Craniofacial Surgery ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Autologous Bone Grafting ◽  
Autologous Bone

Critical-size osseous defects cannot heal without surgical intervention and can pose a significant challenge to craniofacial reconstruction. Autologous bone grafting is the gold standard for repair but is limited by a donor site morbidity and a potentially inadequate supply of autologous bone. Alternatives to autologous bone grafting include the use of alloplastic and allogenic materials, mesenchymal stem cells, and bone morphogenetic proteins. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are essential mediators of bone formation involved in the regulation of differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells into osteoblasts. Here we focus on the use of BMPs in experimental models of craniofacial surgery and clinical applications of BMPs in the reconstruction of the cranial vault, palate, and mandible and suggest a model for the use of BMPs in personalized stem cell therapies.

Rigid Internal Fixation of Basilar Fractures of the Proximal Phalanges by Cancellous Bone Grafting Only

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. STRICKLER ◽  
L. NAGY ◽  
U. BÜCHLER
Keyword(s):  
Return To Work ◽  
Internal Fixation ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Bone Grafting ◽  
Cancellous Bone Grafting ◽  
Rigid Internal Fixation ◽  
Secondary Displacement

Ten patients with 13 basilar metaphyseal impaction fractures of the proximal phalanges of the fingers were treated with “rigid internal fixation” by bone grafting alone. When retrospectively reviewed at a mean follow-up of 32 months, bone healing had occurred without any relevant secondary displacement of the fracture fragments. The final ranges of motion were good and return to work was quicker than expected.

scholarly journals Awkward defects around the elbow: The radial recurrent artery flap revisited

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (03) ◽  
pp. 357-361
Author(s):  
Maksud M. Devale ◽  
Rohit P. Munot ◽  
Chirag A. Bhansali ◽  
Neeraj D. Bhaban
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Internal Fixation ◽  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
Distal Humerus ◽  
Donor Site Morbidity ◽  
Soft Tissue Reconstruction ◽  
Posterior Aspect ◽  
Tissue Reconstruction ◽  
Radial Recurrent Artery

ABSTRACT Background: Soft tissue defects on the posterior aspect of the elbow are commonly seen in patients treated with internal fixation for fractures around the elbow joint. An axial flap based on the radial recurrent artery (RRA) is very useful for such defects, especially if a posterior midline arm incision has been taken for skeletal fixation. The aim of this study is to describe the usefulness of RRA flap (based on the RRA) in the management of such defects. Materials and Methods: We present a retrospective analysis of 4 cases managed with the RRA flap for soft tissue reconstruction of defects around the elbow joint at our institute from January 2015 to August 2016. All the patients were males with a history of exposed implant following internal fixation of olecranon/distal humerus fracture. The size of defects ranged from 4 cm × 4 cm to 7 cm × 5 cm. Results of the analysis are presented here. Results: All flaps survived completely. There was no infection, hematoma or distal neurovascular deficit. There was minimal donor site morbidity. Conclusion: The RRA flap is a useful, simple flap for defects around the elbow joint in select patients providing one stage, reliable, cosmetically acceptable coverage.

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