scholarly journals Dietary free sugar and dental caries in children: A systematic review on longitudinal studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-280
Author(s):  
Zeinab Mahboubi ◽  
Afsaneh Pakdaman ◽  
Reza Yazdani ◽  
Leila Azadbakht ◽  
Ali Montazeri
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Free Sugar ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Diet Assessment

Background: Dental caries, as a multi-factorial problem, is prevalent among children. The aim of this review was to assess the association between dietary free sugars (DFS) consumption and dental caries in 6- to 12-year-old children in the recent longitudinal evidence. Methods: In this systematic review, database search was performed in PubMed, Embase, ISI Web of Science and Scopus using the keywords "diet", "dental caries" and "school children".We considered the articles published in English from 2004 to 2019. After duplicate removal,title, abstract data basell text of all included papers were assessed by two independent reviewers. The quality of included papers was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Results: From 2122 papers, ten longitudinal studies were included. In the included studies, the consumption of 100% juice (daily), candy (more than once a week), and soft drink and sweet drinks (at bedtime) were highly associated with caries in children. In few studies, daily consumption of water and dairy products was reported to be protective. However, some studies reported non-significant association between consumption of different sugary items and dental caries. The quality of included studies was moderate. Heterogeneity was observed in the measurement of caries outcome, and data collection tool for diet assessment, and statistical measure, which impeded the meta-analysis of data. Conclusion: The methodology and results in the longitudinal studies on the association of dietary free sugar consumption and dental caries in schoolchildren were heterogeneous, which urge the need for further standard research protocols in this area.

scholarly journals The pattern and magnitude of Dietary Free Sugar (DFS) consumption and dental caries in school children: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Pakdaman ◽  
Mahboobi Zeinab ◽  
Yazdani Reza ◽  
Azadbakht Leila
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
School Children ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Free Sugar ◽  
Frequent Consumption ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Dietary Free Sugar (DFS) is considered as one of the main risk factor for dental caries development. This systematic review was designed to assess the relationship between pattern and magnitude of Dietary Free Sugar (DFS) consumption and dental caries in school children aged among 6 to 12 years old. Methods An electronic search of the databases consists of Medline/PubMed, Embase, ISI Web of Science and Scopus was conducted using relevant keywords. Longitudinal studies reporting the relationship between DFS and dental caries focused on school children that were published between 2004 and 2019 in English were selected. The title and abstract of the papers were reviewed by 2 independent researchers and irrelevant papers were excluded. After duplicate removal, the full text of the papers was reviewed. The reference search of the selected papers was performed and finally the quality of included papers assessed using the STROBE check list and the main findings were extracted. Results From 2120 articles searched, 12 longitudinal studies included in this review. Three articles report insignificant relationship between DFS consumption of and dental caries. However, Dietary Free Sugar and dental caries were significantly associated in the primary and permanent dentition of children. Frequent intake of sweet foods and drinks especially before bed, consumption of processed starches and soft drink were considered as important risk factors while frequent consumption of water and dairy product had protective effect. Conclusion This study confirms the limitation of dietary free sugar in school children especially in the form of processed starch and sweet snacks especially before bedtime. Still, there is a need for well-designed studies in this field.

scholarly journals What does my neighbourhood have to do with my weight? A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between neighbourhood socioeconomic status and body weight

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. e017567
Author(s):  
Shimels Hussien Mohammed ◽  
Mulugeta Molla Birhanu ◽  
Tesfamichael Awoke Sissay ◽  
Tesfa Dejenie Habtewold ◽  
Balewgizie Sileshi Tegegn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Neighbourhood Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Using Data

IntroductionIndividuals living in poor neighbourhoods are at a higher risk of overweight/obesity. There is no systematic review and meta-analysis study on the association of neighbourhood socioeconomic status (NSES) with overweight/obesity. We aimed to systematically review and meta-analyse the existing evidence on the association of NSES with overweight/obesity.Methods and analysisCross-sectional, case–control and cohort studies published in English from inception to 15 May 2017 will be systematically searched using the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Sciences and Google Scholar. Selection, screening, reviewing and data extraction will be done by two reviewers, independently and in duplicate. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) will be used to assess the quality of evidence. Publication bias will be checked by visual inspection of funnel plots and Egger’s regression test. Heterogeneity will be checked by Higgins’s method (I2statistics). Meta-analysis will be done to estimate the pooled OR. Narrative synthesis will be performed if meta-analysis is not feasible due to high heterogeneity of studies.Ethics and disseminationEthical clearance is not required as we will be using data from published articles. Findings will be communicated through a publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presentations at professional conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017063889.

Quality of life in adolescents and young adults with CHD is not reduced: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Schrøder ◽  
Kirsten A. Boisen ◽  
Jesper Reimers ◽  
Grete Teilmann ◽  
Jesper Brok
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
First Time

AbstractPurposeWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies assessing quality of life in adolescents and young adults born with CHD compared with age-matched controls.MethodsWe carried out a systematic search of the literature published in Medline, Embase, PsychINFO, and the Cochrane Library’s Database (1990–2013); two authors independently extracted data from the included studies. We used the Newcastle–Ottawa scale for quality assessment of studies. A random effects meta-analysis model was used. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2-test.ResultsWe included 18 studies with 1786 patients. The studies were of acceptable-to-good quality. The meta-analysis of six studies on quality of life showed no significant difference – mean difference: −1.31; 95% confidence intervals: −6.51 to +3.89, I2=90.9% – between adolescents and young adults with CHD and controls. Similar results were found in 10 studies not eligible for the meta-analysis. In subdomains, it seems that patients had reduced physical quality of life; however, social functioning was comparable or better compared with controls.ConclusionFor the first time in a meta-analysis, we have shown that quality of life in adolescents and young adults with CHD is not reduced when compared with age-matched controls.

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in the management of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gollapalle L Viswanatha ◽  
CH K V L S N Anjana Male ◽  
Hanumanthappa Shylaja
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Soc Control ◽  
Ottawa Scale

AbstractBackgroundThis systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab (TCZ) in treating severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).MethodsThe electronic search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, CENTRAL, and Google scholar to identify the retrospective observational reports. The studies published from 01 January 2020 to 30th September 2020. Participants were hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Interventions included tocilizumab versus placebo/standard of care. The comparison will be between TCZ versus standard of care (SOC)/placebo. Inconsistency between the studies was evaluated with I2 and quality of the evidences were evaluated by Newcastle-Ottawa scale.ResultsBased on the inclusion criteria there were 24 retrospective studies involving 5686 subjects were included. The outcomes of the meta-analysis have revealed that the TCZ has reduced the mortality (M-H,RE-OR −0.11(−0.18 to −0.04) 95% CI, p =0.001, I2 =88%) and increased the incidences of super-infections (M-H, RE-OR 1.49(1.13 to 1.96) 95% CI, p=0.004, I2=47%). However, there is no significant difference in ICU admissions rate (M-H, RE-OR −0.06(−0.23 to 0.12), I2=93%), need of MV (M-H, RE-OR of 0.00(−0.06 to 0.07), I = 74%), LOS (IV −2.86(−0.91 to 3.38), I2=100%), LOS-ICU (IV: −3.93(−12.35 to 4.48), I2=100%), and incidences of pulmonary thrombosis (M-H, RE-OR 1.01 (0.45 to 2.26), I2=0%) compared to SOC/control.ConclusionBased on cumulative low to moderate certainty evidence shows that TCZ could reduce the risk of mortality in hospitalized patients. However, there is no statistically significant difference observed between the TCZ and SOC/control groups in other parameters.

scholarly journals Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arunmozhimaran Elavarasi ◽  
Manya Prasad ◽  
Tulika Seth ◽  
Ranjit Kumar Sahoo ◽  
Karan Madan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Quality Of Evidence ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Ecg Abnormalities ◽  
Ottawa Scale

Background: There is no effective therapy for COVID-19. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) have been used for its treatment but their safety and efficacy remain uncertain. Objective: We performed a systematic review to synthesize the available data on the efficacy and safety of CQ and HCQ for the treatment of COVID-19. Methods: Two reviewers searched for published and pre-published relevant articles between December 2019 to 8th June 2020. The data from the selected studies were abstracted and analyzed for efficacy and safety outcomes. Critical appraisal of the evidence was done by Cochrane risk of bias tool and Newcastle Ottawa scale. The quality of evidence was graded as per the GRADE approach. Results: We reviewed 12 observational and 3 randomized trials which included 10659 patients of whom 5713 received CQ/HCQ and 4966 received only standard of care. The efficacy of CQ/HCQ for COVID-19 was inconsistent across the studies. Meta-analysis of included studies revealed no significant reduction in mortality with HCQ use [RR 0.98 95% CI 0.66-1.46] , time to fever resolution [mean difference -0.54 days (-1.19-011)] or clinical deterioration/development of ARDS with HCQ [RR 0.90 95% CI 0.47-1.71]. There was a higher risk of ECG abnormalities/arrhythmia with HCQ/CQ [RR 1.46 95% CI 1.04 to 2.06]. The quality of evidence was graded as very low for these outcomes. Conclusions: The available evidence suggests that CQ or HCQ does not improve clinical outcomes in COVID-19. Well-designed randomized trials are required for assessing the efficacy and safety of HCQ and CQ for COVID-19.

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Dysphagia and Associated Pneumonia in Patients With Stroke From India: A Call to Arms

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Rahul Krishnamurthy ◽  
Radish Kumar Balasubramanium ◽  
Priya Karimuddanahalli Premkumar
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Statistical Heterogeneity ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Meta Analyses

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of reported dysphagia and associated pneumonia risk among patients with stroke in India. Method: We carried out a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The primary outcome of interest was dysphagia and pneumonia among patients with stroke in India. Two review authors independently assessed the quality of studies using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and extracted related data. Meta-analysis was performed for frequency of dysphagia, associated pneumonia, and its relative risk using a random-effects model. Statistical heterogeneity was computed using the I 2 index. Results: A total of 3,644 titles were screened, and only eight studies met our inclusion criteria. Based on data from these studies, we calculated the pooled prevalence of dysphagia (47.71%; 95% confidence interval [CI] [20.49%, 70.92%], p < .001) and pneumonia (20.43%; 95% CI [10.73%, 30.14%], p < .001) for patients with stroke in India. We found that the relative risks of pneumonia in patients with stroke and dysphagia versus those patients with stroke and no dysphagia was 9.41 (95% CI [5.60, 15.80], p < .001). Data on length of hospital stay and rates of mortality secondary to pneumonia are also presented. Conclusions: Despite the high incidence of dysphagia and associated pneumonia, the methodological quality of studies is fair and there is little research focused on epidemiological data. We call to arms to those SLPs working with patients with stroke in India to become proactive in both clinical practice and research domains. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.17701022

Effect of retirement on cognitive function: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. oemed-2020-106892
Author(s):  
Celia Alvarez-Bueno ◽  
Ivan Cavero-Redondo ◽  
Estela Jimenez-Lopez ◽  
Maria Eugenia Visier-Alfonso ◽  
Irene Sequi-Dominguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Global Cognition

The study aimed to determine the longitudinal association between retirement and cognitive function, including global cognition and memory-related skills. This is a systematic review of longitudinal studies on the association between retirement and cognitive function, using Medline (via PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science and PsycINFO databases from inception to April 2020 and longitudinal studies on the association between retirement and cognitive function. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess risk of bias of included studies. Effect size (ES) and 95% CI were calculated using Cohen’s d index. Meta-regressions were calculated on the basis of sample characteristics: percentage of women, years of follow-up and age at baseline. A total of 23 longitudinal studies were included in this systematic review. The pooled ES for the association of retirement with global cognition and memory-related skills was −0.01 (95% CI −0.02 to 0.00; I2: 0.0%) and −0.09 (95% CI −0.16 to 0.01; I2: 93%), respectively. Meta-regression analyses showed that length of follow-up, percentage of women in the sample and mean age at baseline did not influence the longitudinal association between retirement and adults’ memory-related skills. The results of this study indicate that retirement has no negative effects on adults’ global cognition and slightly adversely influences memory-related skills. Moreover, this association does not seem to be influenced by some demographic and study characteristics.

scholarly journals Responsiveness of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Questionnaires to Dental Caries Interventions: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 585-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole R. Aimée ◽  
Nailê Damé-Teixeira ◽  
Luana Severo Alves ◽  
Gabriel Á. Borges ◽  
Lyndie Foster Page ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

This systematic review and meta-analysis were undertaken to assess the responsiveness of validated oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) questionnaires to dental caries interventions in children, adolescents, and young adults. Studies eligible were randomized clinical trials (RCTs), controlled clinical trials (CCTs), and prospective case series (PCS), which had OHRQoL questionnaires answered before and after caries intervention(s). The main outcome was improvement in OHRQoL mean scores following caries intervention. Twenty-six studies were selected for the quality assessment and 14 were selected for the meta-analysis. Most of the studies were PCS with a single group pretest and posttest study design (n = 19). Five studies were CCT and only 2 were RCT. The numbers of participants were 3,522 in the control group (baseline = 2,002; final = 1,520) and 5,917 in the test group (baseline = 3,102; final = 2,815). The age of the subjects ranged from 3 to 19 years. All studies showed significant improvement in OHRQoL following caries intervention. Most of nonrandomized studies (n = 15) had low or moderate risk of bias. The meta-analysis showed the effect of caries interventions (standardized weighted mean differences = –1.24; 95% CI: –1.68 to –0.81; p < 0.001). However, high heterogeneity between the studies was found. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach classified the quality of evidence as very low and its strength weak. In conclusion, there is evidence that the OHRQoL of children and adolescents improved following caries intervention procedures, but the quality of the evidence was very low. In spite of that, caries interventions are highly recommended as abstaining from treatment is likely to result in a deterioration of OHRQoL.

Do Patients with Extrinsic Black Tooth Stains Have a Lower Dental Caries Experience? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 617-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Silva de Rezende ◽  
Thiago Fonseca-Silva ◽  
Clarissa Lopes Drumond ◽  
Maria Letícia Ramos-Jorge ◽  
Saul Martins Paiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale

Studies have suggested that individuals affected by extrinsic black tooth stains have less dental caries experience in comparison to those without this condition. The aim of the present study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine whether there is scientific evidence demonstrating that extrinsic black stains are a protective factor for the occurrence of dental caries. This systematic review was developed in accordance with the PRISMA statement and the research question was determined using the PECO strategy. Electronic searches were conducted in the PubMed, Science Direct, Virtual Health Library, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases for relevant articles published up to September 2018. All articles included were submitted to an appraisal of methodological quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the data were extracted for meta-analysis. The search strategy resulted in the retrieval of 9,108 publications. After the application of the eligibility criteria, 18 articles were selected for analysis, 13 of which were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis demonstrated that individuals with extrinsic black stains involving primary (median, MD: –0.78 [–1.09; –0.48]; I2 = 44%) and permanent (MD: –0.50 [–0.93; –0.08]; I2 = 86%) teeth have a lower dental caries experience in comparison to those without this condition. Patients with extrinsic black tooth stains have a lower dental caries experience in cross-sectional studies.

The Longitudinal Association Between Retirement and Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wentao Li ◽  
Xin Ye ◽  
Dawei Zhu ◽  
Ping He
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Involuntary Retirement ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The purpose of this study was to collect the evidence of the relationship between retirement and depression through meta-analysis, and further analyze the heterogeneity of results. The quality of the studies was rated based on ten predefined criteria. We searched articles published between 1980 and 2020 and a total of 25 longitudinal studies were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis results showed that retirement was associated with more depressive symptoms (d =0.044, 95%CI 0.008 to 0.080). The association of involuntary retirement (d = 0.180, 95%CI 0.061 to 0.299) with more depressive symptoms was stronger than voluntary retirement (d = 0.086, 95%CI -0.018 to 0.190) and regulatory retirement (d = 0.009, 95%CI -0.079 to 0.097). Retirement was significantly associated with more depressive symptoms in eastern developed countries (d = 0.126, 95%CI 0.041 to 0.210), and the association was stronger than that in western developed countries (d = 0.016, 95%CI -0.023 to 0.055). These findings suggest that the transition to retirement was associated with higher risk of depression and this association varied by the type of retirement and country. Further empirical studies need to explore the mechanism of retirement and depression and whether such association was linked with socio-economic position.

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