Antidiarrhoael and antimicrobial effects of ethanol root bark extract from Salacia lehmbachii

Introduction: The roots of Salacia lehmbachii are used in Nigerian folklore medicine without scientific basis. The present study was aimed to investigate the antidiarrheal and antimicrobial activities of the ethanol extract of S. lehmbachii root bark. Methods: The antidiarrheal activity was examined using castor oil induced diarrhoea method. The ethanol root bark extract effects on intestinal transit time and enteropooling were also evaluated in rats, while antimicrobial activity was conducted on selected microorganisms. The acute toxicity test and phytochemical screening of the extract were also carried out. Results: The extract produced significant (P < 0.05) dose dependent protection on rats against castor oil induced diarrhoea. The extract inhibited intestinal transit time and caused significant dose related inhibition of castor oil induced enteropooling in rats, comparable to the standard drug, atropine (P < 0.05). The root bark extract significantly and dose dependently delayed the onset of castor oil induced diarrhoea, reduced the frequency of defecation and decreased the severity of diarrhoea in rats. S. lehmbachii ethanol root bark extract significantly and dose dependently decreased the volume of intestinal fluid accumulation in the castor oil induced enteropooling. The extract also significantly inhibited the growth of test organisms. The acute toxicity test produced no lethality in rats, whereas the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, cardiac glycosides, resins and balsam. Conclusion: The results of this study confirm the ethnomedicinal use of S. lehmbachii root bark as a valuable natural agent for the treatment of diarrhoea and microbial infections.

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Comparative assessment of the anti-diarrhoeal effects of the ethanol leaf and stem extracts of lantana camara in Wistar rats

Magna Scientia Advanced Research and Reviews ◽

10.30574/msarr.2021.3.1.0059 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 035-045

Author(s):

Joseph Olanrewaju Oyindamola ◽

Godwin Christian Akuodor ◽

Malachy Ifeanyi Obi ◽

Evelyn Ogochukwu Nwachukwu ◽

Kingsley Chimsorom Chilaka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transit Time ◽

Castor Oil ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Lantana Camara ◽

Intestinal Transit ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Toxicity Tests ◽

Intestinal Transit Time ◽

Stem Extract

The antidiarrhoeal effects of Lantana camara ethanol leaf and stem extracts were compared in Wistar rats. The phytochemical and acute toxicity tests were also determined. The extracts were evaluated for castor oil- induced diarrhoea and enteropooling as well as intestinal transit in rats. The ethanol stem extract produced significant (P < 0.05), while the ethanol leaf extract produced significant (P < 0.01) dose dependent protection on rats against castor oil induced diarrhoea. The stem extract inhibited intestinal transit time and caused significant (P < 0.05), while leaf extract caused significant (P < 0.01) dose related inhibition of castor oil induced enteropooling in rats, comparable to the standard drugs. The leaf and stem extracts significantly and dose dependently delayed the onset of castor oil induced diarrhoea, decreased the frequency of defecation and reduced the severity of diarrhoea in rats. The ethanol leaf and stem extracts of L. camara significantly and dose dependently decreased the volume of intestinal fluid accumulation in the castor oil induced enteropooling. The distance travelled by charcoal meal in intestinal transit time was also reduced. The oral LD50 values obtained were greater than 5000 mg/kg in rats. These findings suggest that both ethanol leaf and stem extracts of Lantana camara may contain some biologically active ingredients that are active for the treatment of diarrhoea in Nigerian herbal traditional medicine. However, the leaf extract has more antidiarrhoeal activities compared to the stem extract in castor oil-induced diarrhoeal in Wistar rats.

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Effects of Heliotropium strigosum and Trapa bicornis in hyperactive gut disorders

Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.3329/bjp.v12i2.31694 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anam Saeed ◽

Fazli Wahid ◽

Hafiz Majid Rasheed ◽

Rahila Qayyum ◽

Abdul Jabbar Shah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Castor Oil ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Acute Toxicity Test ◽

Channel Blockade ◽

Response Curves ◽

Calcium Channel Blockade ◽

Rightward Shift ◽

Rabbit Jejunum

The current study was aimed to investigate the extracts from Heliotropium strigosum and Trapa bicornis phytochemically for various constituents and pharmacologically for gastro-intestinal disorders. Phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides and tannins in both the extracts. In castor oil-induced diarrhea, H. strigosum and T. bicornis, at 100-1000 mg/kg dose provided protection of 10-83% and 14-76% respectively. In isolated rabbit jejunum preparations, T. bicornis (0.01-5 mg/mL) relaxed the spontaneous and K+ (80 mM)-induced contractions with EC50 values of 1.2 mg/mL and 2.6 mg/mL respectively, suggesting that spasmolytic effect was possibly mediated through calcium channel blockade. This was further authenticated when pretreatment of tissues with T. bicornis (1-5 mg/mL) caused rightward shift of Ca++ concentration–response curves, similar to verapamil. In acute toxicity test, both extracts were safe up to 10 g/kg dose. These results indicated the usefulness of H. strigosum and T. bicornis in the treatment of hyperactive gut disorders.

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Evaluation of antidiarrheal effect of the aqueous extract of the leaves of Chromolaena odorata L (King and Robinson)

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics ◽

10.22270/jddt.v9i2.2392 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 367-371

Author(s):

S.H.J. Mayela Nkouka ◽

D.S. Kiéssé ◽

R.D.G. Elion Itou ◽

A.W. Etou Ossibi ◽

A.A. Abena

Keyword(s):

Transit Time ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Castor Oil ◽

Intestinal Transit ◽

The Other ◽

Intestinal Fluid ◽

Chromolaena Odorata ◽

Intestinal Transit Time ◽

Traditional Treatment ◽

Other Hand

This study aimed to evaluate the antidiarrheal effect of the aqueous extract of the leaves of C odorata (400 and 800 mg/kg). ¶The antidiarrheal effect was evaluated on the diarrhoea induced by the castor oil, the charcoal test (intestinal transit time) and on the accumulation of the intestinal fluid induced by the castor oil (Enteropooling).¶The results obtained show that the aqueous extract at the doses used significantly decrease (p<0,001) the frequency of emission, the quantity and the onset of appearance of the faces induced by the castor oil. ¶The aqueous extract of C odorata (400 and 800 mg/kg) does not decrease significantly the intestinal transit (p>0.05) but on the other hand significantly decrease (p<0.01) the accumulation of the fluid in the intestine induced by the castor oil. ¶In conclusion the aqueous extract of C odorata (400 and 800 mg/kg) has an antidiarrheal effect who could be explained by interference with the mechanisms of secretion of the electrolytes. ¶These results would justify the use of plant on the traditional treatment of the diarrhoea.¶ Keywords: antidiarrheal effect, Castor oil, intestinal transit, enteropooling, Chromolaena odorata

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Evaluation of acute toxicity and intestinal transit time of Olax scandens Roxb. leaves

AYU (An International Quarterly Journal of Research in Ayurveda) ◽

10.4103/0974-8520.190689 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 437 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Raghavendra Naik ◽

Rabinarayan Acharya ◽

MukeshB Nariya ◽

SnehaD Borkar

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Transit Time ◽

Intestinal Transit ◽

Intestinal Transit Time

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Antidepressant and Sedative-hypnotic Activities of Methanolic Extract of Grewia asiatica Linn. Leaves in Mice

Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal ◽

10.3329/bpj.v22i2.42303 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 185-191

Author(s):

Rasna Jebin ◽

Md Islam Molla ◽

Surid Mohammad Chowdhury ◽

Md Rajdoula Rafe

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Treated Group ◽

The Body ◽

Acute Toxicity Test ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Immobility Time ◽

Hypnotic Activity

Grewia asiatica (Family-Malvaceae), known as Phalsa in Bangladesh, is also native to India, Nepal, Pakistan, Cambodia and Thailand. The plant has a long history of traditional uses. The present investigation was designed to evaluate acute toxicity test, antidepressant and sedative-hypnotic activities of the methanolic extract of the leaves of G. asiatica. In acute toxicity test, methanolic soluble fraction of the plant extract of G. asiatica showed no significant changes in the body weight between the control and treated group at the doses of 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg/kg body weight. The extract could not significantly reduce immobility time in comparison with control group and standard drug (Nortriptyline) treated group in forced swimming and tail suspension tests. Sedative-hypnotic activity was evident at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight after observing in hole board test. Sedative-hypnotic activity of short duration of action was also evident in hole cross and open field test. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 22(2): 185-191, 2019

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Effects of atrazine and alachlor on self-purification processes in receiving streams

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1996.0095 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 33 (6) ◽

pp. 181-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jana Zagorc-Koncan

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effect ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Chronic Toxicity ◽

Acute Toxicity Test ◽

Organic Substances ◽

Inhibiting Effect ◽

Scenedesmus Subspicatus ◽

Net Assimilation ◽

Chlorophyll A Content

In recent years many waterways in Slovenia have been subjected to an increased loading with pesticides due to intensification of agriculture. The most widely used herbicides are atrazine and alachlor and they were detected in some rivers and even in ground water. Therefore the effects of atrazine and alachlor on selfpurification processes were investigated. The basic selfpurification processes studied were biodegradation of organic substances and photosynthesis and growth of algae. The inhibiting effect of pesticides on the process of biodegradation of organic pollutants was evaluated by the use of laboratory river model and mathematical modelling. The harmful impacts of pesticides on aquatic autotrophic organisms were assessed by measurement of net assimilation inhibition (24-h acute toxicity test) as well as growth inhibition - chlorophyll- a content (72-h chronic toxicity test) of algae Scenedesmus subspicatus. The results obtained demonstrate that atrazine and alachlor in concentrations found in our rivers have practically no effect on biodegrading heterotrophic organisms, while their adverse effect on algae is quite considerable.

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