scholarly journals On the issue of the state and legal regulation of petty bourgeois' self-government in the Russian Empire

2019 ◽  
pp. 205-209
Author(s):  
Natal'ya N. Okutina
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Class Nature

This article examines the formation and development of the petty bourgeois' self-government of the late 18th — the early 19th centuries. The author made an attempt to reveal the main stages of development of petty bourgeois' self-government in Russia within the framework of the proposed periodisation. The paper analyses the main legal acts and the changes they make to the legal regulation of the activities of the local government bodies within a certain historical framework. The author provides an analysis of the legal regulation of issues of an intra-class nature and the representation of members of petty-bourgeois corporations in local government and state bodies. On the basis of the conducted research, conclusions are drawn up on the need for further reform of the existing forms of public participation in solving local issues, taking into account historical experience.

On the issue of legal status of spiritual Christians Molokans in the Russian Empire

2020 ◽  
pp. 129-135
Author(s):  
Dmitriy I. Frolov
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Religious Education ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Individual

The purpose of this work is to give a brief analysis of the legal status of spiritual Christians Molokans in the Russian Empire, following the dynamics of state legal regulation. The problem of the individual sectarian groups status remains little studied in both domestic and foreign literature, which determines its relevance. We use the following research methods: chronological, problem and analytical. We analyze the norms of administrative and criminal law in force in the 19th - early 20th centuries in the Russian Empire, which regulate the rights and obligations of subjects assigned to the Molokan sect. The analysis showed that the legal impact of the state on the Molokans was repressive and causal throughout most of the studied period. Only the reign of Alexander I was marked by a loyal attitude towards sectarians. After the revolutionary events of 1905, a number of civil and religious freedoms were granted to the Molokans, however, one cannot speak of the religious equality of all subjects during this period. After 1905, specialized acts were passed regulating the procedure for registering communities, holding conventions, organizing religious education, and other areas of public relations.

scholarly journals State legal regulation of the sanitary and ecological state of cities in the Russian Empire

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
Н.А. Маркова ◽  
А.В. Солодовникова
Keyword(s):  
State Policy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Ecological State ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
The Russian Empire

Данная статья посвящена изучению исторического опыта государственно-правового регулирования отношений в сфере экологической безопасности населения, проживающего в городах Российской империи. В ходе исследования были выделены основные направления государственной политики в области обеспечения санитарного благополучия городов, отмечены ключевые проблемы, препятствующие ее успешной реализации. This article is devoted to the study of the historical experience of state and legal regulation of relations in the field of environmental safety of the population living in the cities of the Russian Empire. In the course of the study, the main directions of state policy in the field of ensuring the sanitary well-being of cities were identified, and the key problems that hinder its successful implementation were noted.

What Is a “Minority” in an Imperial Formation?

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-331
Author(s):  
Paul W. Werth
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Russian People ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The One

Abstract Is minority a term applicable to groups in the Russian Empire, as an imperial formation? This article seeks to answer this question by engaging with two others: (1) Was there a term (or terms) that conveyed that idea? And, (2) Was there a historical experience among particular segments of that society with attributes that we may associate with “minorities”? The article proposes that, on the one hand, there can be no minorities unless a majority has itself come into being, and, on the other, that growing association of the state with the Russian people specifically, and the claim that other East Slavs were also Russian despite regional particularities, along with efforts to create a kind of citizenship through institutions that were inclusive of non-Russian peoples, began to constitute such a majority and minorities in Russia.

scholarly journals Legal foundations of charity as a civil activity in the Russian Empire in the second half of the XIX century

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-46
Author(s):  
MARIA V. RATTUR
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Reform Period ◽  
Legal Foundations ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Charitable Associations ◽  
Xix Century

The paper analyzes the significance of legal regulation of charity for the formation of elements of civil society in the Russian Empire in the second half of the XIX century. Legislative changes in the field of regulation of philanthropic activities are systematized. The formation of a new sphere of civic activity outside the influence of the state is considered on the example of charitable associations of the post-reform period. The legal foundations of charity are studied to identify opportunities for the development of civil activity in the Russian Empire.

scholarly journals The Role of Trade Customs in the Legal Regulation of the Fur Trade in the Russian Empire (Based on Materials from North-Eastern Siberia in the Second Half of the 19th – Early 20th Centurу)

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
M. D. Kushnareva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fur Trade ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Joint Stock Company ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
North East ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Russian Empire

The main purpose of the publication is to analyze the role of trade customs in the process of legal regulation of the organization of the fur trade in the north-east of Siberia in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. Achieving this goal presupposes an analysis of the norms of the legislative sources of the trade law of the Russian Empire during the period of modernization. The analysis of trade customs is based on examples from previously unpublished and unreported archival sources. Analyzed cash, trade books of firms “N. D. Everstov”, “G. V. Nikiforov”, ‘G. V. Nikiforov and Co”, “I. P. Antipin and G. V. Nikiforov”, Joint Stock Company of Match and Fur Factory “N. P. Rylov and F. P. Lesnikov”, containing records of transactions concluded on the basis of trade customs. The topic is of theoretical and applied relevance. The article is of an interdisciplinary nature. To solve the set tasks, comparative, problem-chronological methods, as well as functional and comparative legal methods of jurisprudence were applied in the work. The author determined that the synthesis of the norms of customary law of the indigenous population of North-Eastern Siberia with the norms of general imperial laws led to the formation of a complex of trade customs in the industry. The article analyzes the practice of implementing such trade customs in the fur trade, such as: accrual of debt to fishers and its transition to the next fishing season, unequal exchange, fixing commercial information in personal correspondence. As the main conclusions, it was noted that the trade customs in the fur trade were superior to the norms of the Trade Charter and other legislative acts of the state. This was facilitated by the special historical conditions and specificity of the legal consciousness of society in the outskirts of the Russian Empire. The development of commodity-money relations and the state policy of legislative convergence of the legal status of the indigenous and Russian population of the outlying territories of Siberia contributed to a gradual decrease in the role of trade customs in the fur trade at the beginning of the 20th century.

scholarly journals Development of budget law during the budget and legal reform in the Russian empire in 1860–1890

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Yurii Pokhodzilo
Keyword(s):  
Financial System ◽  
Legal Reform ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
System Reform ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Budget Reform ◽  
The Russian Empire

Problem setting. The article reveals the peculiarities of the development of budget law in the Russian Empire in the context of budgetary and legal reform in the period from 1860 to 1890. It has significant historical and legal significance, as today it remains the focus of many researchers who study various aspects of contemporary life from a historical, legal, political and even political point of view. The purpose of the article is to analyze the peculiarities of the development of budget law in the Russian Empire in the conditions of budgetary and legal reform in the period from 1860 to 1890. Article’s main body. It is emphasized that Ukraine is currently facing a new challenge for further modernization of the financial system, so the analysis and experience of financial system reform carried out in the Russian Empire in the second half of the XIX – early XX century is very relevant. In the process of studying the legal regulation of budgetary relations in the Russian Empire, the results of the reform developed four principles to be met by the budget: (a) unity of the budget, (b) completeness of the budget, (c) reality (truthfulness) of the budget, (d) publicity of the budget. The content of the budget reform of 1862 is most clearly revealed through the analysis of the legal consolidation of these principles. The unity of the budget consists both in a unified procedure for drawing up the budget and in a single budget document. In fact, it is a question of existence of one budget in which all incomes and expenses of the state are reflected. Conclusions. It is noted that as a result of the reform of legal regulation of budgetary relations in the state there is such a branch of law as budget law, a set of laws that determine the procedure for drawing up, reviewing, approving and implementing the budget. In addition, the procedure for drawing up, reviewing and approving the budget, the range of authorized persons involved in each of these stages is determined. Keywords: budget law, budget reform, development of budget law, Russian Empire.

Factory Inspection Supervision over Industrial Institutions of the Russian Empire in the 19th — Early 20th Centuries

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
N.V. Kovaleva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Production ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Regulation ◽  
Labor Protection ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Theory Of Law

The value of supervision over industrial institutions at the stage of active formation of industrial production in Russia in the 19th — early 20th centuries is shown. The role of the factory inspectorate and other state bodies aimed at controlling the production process, as well as the spheres of interaction of the enterprises with the state is defined in the article. Based on the example of the activities of the factory inspectorate, the criteria are formed to determine the desired balance of rights and obligations in the structure of legal relations, which is required to comply with the interests of the state and business entities. Delineation of the powers of the factory inspectorate helps to identify the areas where state control is needed. At the same time, further study of the implementation of control and supervisory functions of the state in the field of industrial production is substantiated. The need to regulate this kind of relationship is indicated considering the modern realities where the merger of technological and organizational processes is objectively taking place, and the algorithms are built into the structure of legal relations. The issues of legal regulation of the industrial sector of the economy raised in the study indicate the unsolved fundamental problems of the theory of law, namely, the scope and significance of technical and legal regulation in the mechanism of management of the society, its scope in the structure of social regulation. The studied historical material allows to assert that the supervision in industry creates the basis for safety and real labor protection at the industrial objects. Introduction of the institute of factory inspectors became an important factor in building the labor protection system at the factories and plants. With the help of this institute, the norms were implemented aimed at ensuring trouble-free functioning, including at explosive and fire-hazardous industries of the Russian Empire in the 19th — early 20th centuries.

scholarly journals Legal regulation of state financial control in the Russian Empire of the second half of the XIX century – the beginning of the XX century

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. Pohodzilo
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Control ◽  
Main Body ◽  
State Control ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century

Problem setting. At present, the Institute of Public Financial Control is one of the main mechanisms for implementing financial and legal policy in Ukraine. At the same time, many questions regarding the legal and organizational support of the Institute, both in theory and in practice, have not yet been finally resolved and need further improvement. Since the 90’s of the twentieth century. Ukraine has started the transition to market relations. Financial and control bodies began to emerge, which appeared most often spontaneously in the state mechanism and were not brought into a single system, which was facilitated by the imperfect legal system. Therefore, it is no coincidence that their work today lacks proper coordination and coherence, and there is a clear and hidden duplication of functions, which leads to numerous abuses in the sphere of financial activity. Analysis of recent researches. Issues related to the formation and development of public financial control in the Russian Empire in the second half of the nineteenth century – beginning of the twentieth century, нave been the subject of scientific research of such scientists as: I.I. Blech, I.S. Blich, F.I. Bochkovsky, V.O. Tatarinov and others. Article’s main body. Pre-revolutionary historiography is rich in studies that have covered various aspects of financial policy, analyzed issues of budget, credit, taxation, including public financial control. In the pre-revolutionary period, neither the law nor the scientific literature used the term “state financial control”; instead, it used the term “state control”, which meant the procedure for verifying the execution of a decision made by anybody, or for the purpose of verification, and also the institution that conducted the audit. In the history of the Russian Empire in the 1960s, it was a time of transition to a new economic formation, the beginning of civil society formation and the transformation of state-legal institutions. This transition has undergone a number of transformations, including financial control reform, which has been of great importance for the development of the institution of public financial control. Conclusions and prospects for the development. From the 60’s of the XIX century and up to the end of the century in the Russian Empire observed: improvement of the legal framework of the system of state financial control; strengthening the position of the State Control as an independent body of financial control in the state mechanism; trend of decentralization of state financial control, development of previous financial control; putting in place the elements of publicity in the activities of financial control bodies.

State policy and public opinion on the formation of the institution of police village constables

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Chingiz Ahmedov
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Order ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article is devoted to the history of the formation and legal regulation of the activities of the lower ranks of the county police of the Russian Empire from the first half of the XIX to the beginning of the XX century. The rea-sons for the introduction of police custody in the territory of Astrakhan, Baku, Kazan, Nizhny Novgorod, Perm, Samara provinces and the Kingdom of Poland are considered by the author. The position according to which in the second half of the XIX century the im-portance of protecting public order and public safety in rural areas was actualized in the state policy of the Russian Empire is substantiated by the author. The reasons for that were the reforms carried out at that time. The most important reform was the abolition of serfdom. The lack of a sufficient number of police officials in the coun-tryside, erforming law enforcement functions, was the reason for the introduction of the institution of police village constables. On the basis of archival and other historical sources, the article shows that the activities of police village constables from the state bodies and the liberal press were evaluated differently: state structures noted the positive results of the activities of police village constables to ensure public order and the safety of society and the state; in contrast, the liberal community absolutized the distrust of the activities of police village constables and the lack of their support from the population. The existing contradictions between society and the state were one of the reasons for the destruction of the law enforcement system and the collapse of the Russian Empire itself.

scholarly journals Ethnological-legal and technical-legal aspects of intercultural communication in Russia of the Imperial period: the experience of theoretical and methodological structuring on the example of the formation of the institutions of lamaism among the Volga kalmyks of the second half of the 19th century. Part 1

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
I. A. Arzumanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Legal Communication ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century

Federation On the example of the formation of the institutions of Lamaism among the Volga Kalmyks II. floor. XIX century. the historical-legal and socio-cultural aspects of intercultural communication in Russia are considered. The methodological correlation of the processes of intercultural communication in the context of the polyphonic nature of the legal culture of the Russian Empire is analyzed. The universalism of the sociological (integral) discourse of jurisprudence determines not only the civilizational specifics of legal communications as one of the forms of intercultural communication, but also the methodological body of research based on the cultural-anthropological approach and ethnological-legal conditioning. The interdisciplinary nature of the study is due to the specificity of the ethno-confessional specifics of the processes under consideration and involves an appeal to theoretical and legal, state, socio-cultural, and religious discourses. Based on the analysis of the provisions of the primary sources of normative legal acts concerning the state and legal regulation of the ethno-confessional sphere among the Volga Kalmyks and in the Russian Empire as a whole in the first half of the 19th century, a comparative analysis of the processes of consolidating the institution of the majour in the Volga Kalmyks and Buryat clans of the East Siberian region is carried out. An example of cultural and legal communication between such subjects as the state and ethno-confessional communities are the results of the analysis of archival documents, for the first time introduced into scientific circulation, concerning the activities of the imperial administration in the sphere of systematizing the norms of customary law of the Volga Kalmyks and streamlining the processes of forming regional institutions of Lamaism. Some aspects of the socio-cultural determinants of the processes of increasing the number of Lamaist clergy among the Volga Kalmyks and the problems of its legal regulation are considered. Conclusions are made about the intercivilizational nature of legal communication, implicitly aimed at assimilating the customary legal system of Kalmyks in order to include them in the general system of legalizations of the empire.

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